This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JBHI.2015.2416202, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
12 bit, > 40 KS/s per neuron) needs approximately a 1 Gb/s data link. Designing a wireless data telemetry system to support such (or higher) data rate while aiming to lower the power consumption of an implantable device imposes a grand challenge on neuroscience community. In this paper, we present a wireless gigabit data telemetry for future large-scale neural recording interface. This telemetry comprises of a pair of low-power gigabit transmitter and receiver operating at 60 GHz, and establishes a short-distance wireless link to transfer the massive amount of neural signals outward from the implanted device. The transmission distance of the received neural signal can be further extended by an externally rendezvous wireless transceiver, which is less power/heat-constraint since it is not at the immediate proximity of the cortex and its radiated signal is not seriously attenuated by the lossy tissue. The gigabit data link has been demonstrated to achieve a high data rate of 6 Gb/s with a bit-error-rate of 10-12 at a transmission distance of 6 mm, an applicable separation between transmitter and receiver. This high data rate is able to support thousands of recording channels while ensuring a low energy cost per bit of 2.08 pJ/b Index Terms—wireless neural recording, large-scale, data telemetry, implant, neural interface, brain-machine interface, prosthetics, transceiver.
I. INTRODUCTION
I
and studying the complex neural dynamics of the brain has spurred rapid technological advancements in the field of electrode, recording electronics design, and NVESTIGATING
*The authors contribute equally to this work. Yen-Cheng Kuan, Yanghyo Kim, and Mau-Chung Frank Chang are with the Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA. (email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) Yi-Kai Lo is with the Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. (email: [email protected]) Wentai Liu is with the Dept. of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering, and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA. (email: [email protected])
Fig. 1. The conceptual illustration of multi-site cortical recording.
packaging technology during the past few decades [1-5]. BRAIN initiativeSM’s call for new technologies to simultaneously record a large ensemble of neurons further stimulates the brainstorming of novel recording approaches [6]. Current trend for neural recording leaped from wired to wireless multi-channel recording. Recording of cortical neurons is also no longer confined to one specific region of the brain as wirelessly simultaneous multi-site multi-channel recording from different cortical regions potentially provides more insights to understand the brain working mechanisms and dynamics for free-moving subjects and also serves as a better methodology for brain-machine interface (BMI) [7]. A conceptual realization of such a multi-site multi-channel neural recording is shown in Fig. 1. Multi-channel recording units (RU) can be distributed to different cortical regions/sites while a central unit (CU) administrates each RU and process the neural signal for wireless transmission. However, one of major obstacles to realize such system is a wireless link with a very high data rate and low power consumption as the demanded number of wirelessly recordable channels is increased from hundreds to thousands. Up to date, many wireless recording systems based on both off-the-shelf components and integrated circuits (IC) have been published [7-13]. A 32-channel wireless recording system was reported to transmit 24 Mb/s at a distance of 20 m [8]. However, besides the footprint of the system, high power consumption of 142 mW and limited data rate impede its application on high-density recording. A chronic multichannel implant has been presented to wirelessly record non-human primates to construct a brain-machine interface (BMI) [7].
2168-2194 (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JBHI.2015.2416202, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
12 bit, > 40 KS/s per neuron) needs approximately a 1 Gb/s data link. Designing a wireless data telemetry system to support such (or higher) data rate while aiming to lower the power consumption of an implantable device imposes a grand challenge on neuroscience community. In this paper, we present a wireless gigabit data telemetry for future large-scale neural recording interface. This telemetry comprises of a pair of low-power gigabit transmitter and receiver operating at 60 GHz, and establishes a short-distance wireless link to transfer the massive amount of neural signals outward from the implanted device. The transmission distance of the received neural signal can be further extended by an externally rendezvous wireless transceiver, which is less power/heat-constraint since it is not at the immediate proximity of the cortex and its radiated signal is not seriously attenuated by the lossy tissue. The gigabit data link has been demonstrated to achieve a high data rate of 6 Gb/s with a bit-error-rate of 10-12 at a transmission distance of 6 mm, an applicable separation between transmitter and receiver. This high data rate is able to support thousands of recording channels while ensuring a low energy cost per bit of 2.08 pJ/b Index Terms—wireless neural recording, large-scale, data telemetry, implant, neural interface, brain-machine interface, prosthetics, transceiver.
I. INTRODUCTION
I
and studying the complex neural dynamics of the brain has spurred rapid technological advancements in the field of electrode, recording electronics design, and NVESTIGATING
*The authors contribute equally to this work. Yen-Cheng Kuan, Yanghyo Kim, and Mau-Chung Frank Chang are with the Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA. (email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) Yi-Kai Lo is with the Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. (email: [email protected]) Wentai Liu is with the Dept. of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering, and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA. (email: [email protected])
Fig. 1. The conceptual illustration of multi-site cortical recording.
packaging technology during the past few decades [1-5]. BRAIN initiativeSM’s call for new technologies to simultaneously record a large ensemble of neurons further stimulates the brainstorming of novel recording approaches [6]. Current trend for neural recording leaped from wired to wireless multi-channel recording. Recording of cortical neurons is also no longer confined to one specific region of the brain as wirelessly simultaneous multi-site multi-channel recording from different cortical regions potentially provides more insights to understand the brain working mechanisms and dynamics for free-moving subjects and also serves as a better methodology for brain-machine interface (BMI) [7]. A conceptual realization of such a multi-site multi-channel neural recording is shown in Fig. 1. Multi-channel recording units (RU) can be distributed to different cortical regions/sites while a central unit (CU) administrates each RU and process the neural signal for wireless transmission. However, one of major obstacles to realize such system is a wireless link with a very high data rate and low power consumption as the demanded number of wirelessly recordable channels is increased from hundreds to thousands. Up to date, many wireless recording systems based on both off-the-shelf components and integrated circuits (IC) have been published [7-13]. A 32-channel wireless recording system was reported to transmit 24 Mb/s at a distance of 20 m [8]. However, besides the footprint of the system, high power consumption of 142 mW and limited data rate impede its application on high-density recording. A chronic multichannel implant has been presented to wirelessly record non-human primates to construct a brain-machine interface (BMI) [7].
2168-2194 (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JBHI.2015.2416202, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT)
