Zootaxa 3784 (1): 089–093 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Correspondence
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB9E7B02-AC5F-4663-8506-0FFC5DD0C94C
Two new turrid species (Gastropoda: Pseudomelatomidae) from the Palawan region, the Philippines PETER STAHLSCHMIDT1 & KOEN FRAUSSEN2 1
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]
Species richness of tropical marine molluscs is considerably underestimated (Bouchet et al. 2002). Indeed, the molluscan faunas of some regions, such as Palawan in the western Pacific, have received little attention and some hyper-diverse groups, such as the turrids (a parapyhletic group of Conoidea, formerly known as Turridae), are barely documented. For example, apart from original descriptions of two turrid taxa that have their type locations in Palawan (Comitas aequatorialis palawanica Powell, 1969 and Mangilia quadrasi Boettger, 1895 = Gingicithara notabilis (E. A. Smith, 1888)), there are no published records of turrids from this region. We have been fortunate to have access to recent collections of turrids from different parts of Palawan. Examination of these materials has revealed existence of several undescribed and potentially endemic species. In the present paper two new Pseudomelatomidae species are described. Abbreviations a/l ratio of total length and aperture length (measured along main shell axis) b/l ratio of total length and breadth Abbreviations of museums and depositories ANSP KF LMD MNHN NMSA PS SMF
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA Koen Fraussen collection, Aarschot, Belgium Löbbecke Museum Düsseldorf, Germany Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Peter Stahlschmidt collection, Rohrbach, Germany Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany
Systematics Family Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965 Genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840 Type species: (s.d.) Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1840 [synonym of Pleurotoma incrassata Sowerby, 1834] Crassispira bruehli n. sp. Figures 1–5 Type material. Holotype: MNHN IM-2000-23314 (11.4 mm). Paratype 1: MNHN IM-2000-23315 (11.2 mm). Paratypes 2–3: SMF-336431/2 (9.8 mm, 9.8 mm). Paratypes 4–5: ANSP-454324 (10.3 mm, 10.7 mm). Paratypes 6–11: PS-020259 (9.3 mm, 10.1 mm, 10.6 mm, 11.1 mm, 11.5 mm, 11.5 mm). Paratype 12: KF (10.8 mm). Paratype 13: Conchology Inc. (10.2 mm). All from type locality. Type locality. Philippines, Palawan, Balabac Island, 15–65 m. Distribution. Only known from the Palawan region. So far reported from Balabac Island (dredged at 15–65 m; type
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material), Puerto Princessa (dredged at 10–30 m; voucher specimens PS-020289), Taytay Bay (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020290), and Port Barton (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020291).
FIGURES 1–5. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. 1–2. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-23314), 11.4 mm, Philippines, Palawan, Balabac Island, 15-65 m. 3–5. Paratype 1 (MNHN-23315), 11.2 mm, same locality as holotype. 4–5. Radula. 6–7. Crassispira pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007, holotype (LMD), 17.9 mm, Philippines, Aliguay Island, 80–150 m.
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Description. Shell small to medium sized, up to 11.5 mm in length, b/l 0.37–0.40, a/l 0.36–0.40, narrowly claviform with narrow aperture; 6–7 teleoconch whorls; suture moderately deep, whorls moderately convex. Aperture narrowly pyriform with a very short, broad and deeply notched siphonal canal. Callus moderately strong, forming a rounded nodule in posterior angle of aperture, intruding to some degree into opening of anal sinus. Columella thin, smooth and glossy. Outer apertural lip thin, convex in side-view, crenulated, with a very weakly developed stromboid notch and a moderately deep, openly U-shaped anal sinus, which is directed slightly adapically. Fasciole weak and indistinct. Adult sculpture of stout, rounded axial ribs, commencing at the subsutural band and extending well over the base, overridden by spiral cords, 8–9 on first teleoconch whorl, 8–9 on penultimate whorl. No distinct varices, but the second last axial rib (situated about one-third whorl back from lip) being the strongest followed by a very weak axial rib behind lip. Spiral cords on spire whorls wide and flat, with very narrow interstices; a total of 5–7 on first teleoconch whorl to around 7 on penultimate whorl. Around 20 spiral cords on last whorl becoming somewhat narrower towards rostrum while interstices becoming gradually wider. Colour whitish-cream to light brown with moderate to dark brown axial streaks between axial ribs and in some cases diffuse brown markings on the last whorl, subsutural cord spotted with light to moderate brown, aperture and columella whitish-cream. Protoconch narrowly domed, of 1–1.5 whorls, first whorl depressed, second one weakly convex; suture shallow; white or cream tinged, smooth except for growth lines near termination, transition to teleoconch not well detectable. Radula (based on Paratype 1 MNHN-23315; figs. 4–5) of the 1-0-0-0-1 type (following terminology of Kantor & Taylor, 2000). Marginal plates elongated, narrow, flattened distal end with well-defined, double cutting edges. No preserved soft parts and operculum available for study (the radula was extracted from a dried remnant found in one shell). Remarks. The true generic position of Crassispira bruehli n. sp. and C. pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007 is doubtful, and assignment to the genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840 (type species: Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1840 from eastern Pacific) is only tentative. The presence of broad and rounded axial ribs in combination with faint spiral cords is also found in several Crassispira species in the eastern Pacific such as C. ballenaensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951. The radula, however, with its well-defined, double cutting edges, is similar to radulae of members of the genus Funa Kilburn, 1988. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. is only remotely allied to C. pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007 (figures 6–7) and differs by its smaller size, denser axial sculpture, broader spiral cords, and different coloration. Etymology. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. is named in honour of Dr. Carsten Brühl in appreciation of his friendship and the intensive supervision of the first author’s doctoral thesis. Genus Inquisitor Hedley, 1918 Type species: (o.d.) Pleurotoma sterrha Watson, 1881 Inquisitor armillatus n.sp. Figures 8–10 Type material. Holotype: MNHN IM-2000-23316 (15.2 mm), Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, off Green Island Bay, 15– 35 m. Paratype 1: SMF-336430 (12.8 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratypes 2–4: PS-020260 (15.4 mm, 15.6 mm, 15.9 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratype 5: KF (13.7 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratypes 6–7: ANSP454323 (15.4 mm, 15.8 mm), Philippines, Palawan, Cuyo Island, 15–25 m. Paratype 8: Conchology Inc. (14.8 mm), same locality as paratypes 6–7. Type locality. Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, off Green Island Bay, 15–35 m. Distribution. Only known from the northeastern part of Palawan. So far reported from Green Island Bay (dredged at 15–35 m; type material), Cuyo Island (15–25 m, type material), and Taytay Bay (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020292). Description. Shell fairly small for the genus, up to 19.1 mm in length (specimen from Taytay Bay), b/l 0.34–0.37, a/l 0.36–0.42, narrowly claviform with narrow aperture; 7–8 teleoconch whorls; suture moderately deep, whorls moderately convex, barely shouldered. Aperture narrowly pyriform with a short, deeply notched siphonal canal. Callus moderately developed, forming a rounded nodule in posterior angle of aperture, not intruding into opening of anal sinus and hence scarcely constricting it. Columella thin, smooth and glossy. Fasciole moderately weak. Outer apertural lip thin, convex in side-view, crenulated, with a well-developed stromboid notch and a moderately deep, openly U-shaped anal sinus, which is directed slightly adapically.
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FIGURES 8–10. Inquisitor armillatus n. sp., holotype (MNHN IM-2000-23316), 15.2 mm, Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, 15–35 m. 11–13. Inquisitor arctatus Kilburn, 1988, holotype (NMSA D1917/T3611), 39.3 mm, South Africa, off Durnford Point, 110 m.
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Sculptured by weak axial ribs, intervals about 2–3 times broader than axial ribs; 8–10 on first teleoconch whorl, 11– 12 on penultimate whorl (including varices), the last varix situated about on-third whorl back from lip. Spiral cords on spire whorls moderately wide and gently rounded, with equally wide interstices; a total of 3–5 on first teleoconch whorl to 8–11 on penultimate whorl. Spiral cords on last whorl becoming narrower towards rostrum while interstices becoming gradually wider. Colour whitish-cream with a light to dark brown spiral band situated above the suture at the abapical part of each teleoconch whorl. Last whorl with two bands, one at the first adapical third and the second one ending at the abapical part of the siphonal canal. Interior of aperture white tinged. Protoconch narrowly domed, of 2–2.5 whorls, first whorl depressed, second one weakly convex; suture shallow; white tinged, smooth except for very weak growth lines near termination. No soft parts or operculum available for study. Remarks. With its remarkable coloration, Inquisitor armillatus n. sp. remotely resembles the South African Inquisitor arctatus Kilburn, 1988 (Figs. 11–13) but the former species attains a much smaller size (around 15 mm compared to around 50 mm), has a shorter siphonal canal, a less pronounced parietal nodule, and fainter spiral cords. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin expression armillatus meaning “wearing a bracelet” which refers to the dark brown colored spiral band.
Acknowledgments We are greatly indebted to Rafael Picardal for procuring the study material, Yuri Kantor for preparing the radula of Crassispira bruehli, Richard Kilburn for discussion and help, Igor Muratov for providing the type photo of Inquisitor arctatus, and Guido Poppe for procuring additional material. Alexander “Sasha” Fedosov, Thomas Duda and one anonymous reviewer provided useful, constructive comments and linguistic corrections.
References Boettger, O. (1895) Die marinen Mollusken der Philippinen (IV) nach den Sammlungen des Herrn José Florencio Quadra in Manila. IV. Die Pleurotomiden. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 27, 1– 20. Bouchet, P., Lozouet, P., Maestrati, P. & Heros, V. (2002) Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 421–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00052.x Hedley, C. (1918) A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Mollusca. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 51, Supplement 1, M1–M120. Hertlein, L.G. & Strong, A.M. (1951) Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XLIII. Mollusks from the west coast of Mexico and Central America. Part X. Zoologica, 36, 67–120. Kantor, Y.I. & Taylor, J.D. (2000) Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism. Journal of Zoology, 252, 251–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x Kiener, L.C. (1840) Genre Pleurotome. (Pleurotoma, Lam.) Spécies Général et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes Comprenant la Collection du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Masséna et les Découverts Récente des Voyageurs. Vol. 5. Rousseau, Paris, 84 pp., 27 pls. Kilburn, R.N. (1988) Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 4. Subfamilies Drilliinae, Crassispirinae and Strictispirinae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 29, 167–320. Morrison, J.P.E (1965) On the families of Turridae. The Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Malacological Union, New York, 2 pp. Powell, A.W.B. (1969) The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 2. The subfamily Turriculinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2, 207–416. Smith, E.A. (1888) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2, 300–317. Sowerby, G.B.I. (1834) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1833, 134–139. Stahlschmidt, P. & Bozzetti, L. (2007) Description of a new turriform gastropod (Gastropoda: Turridae) from Aliguay Island (Philippines). Malacologia (Mostra Mondiale), 56, 10–12. Swainson, W. (1840) A Treatise on Malacology, or Shells and Shell-Fish. The Cabinet Cyclopaedia Conducted by Rev. Dionysius Lardner, LL. D.F.R.S.L. & E.M.R.I.A.F.R.A.S.F.L.S. Hon. F.C.P.S. &c. Assisted by Eminent Literary and Scientific Men. Natural History. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans and John Taylor, London, viii + 419 pp. Watson, R.B. (1881) Mollusca of H.M.S. Challenger Expedition. Parts VIII–X. Journal of the Linnean Society (London), 15, 388–475.
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ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Correspondence
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB9E7B02-AC5F-4663-8506-0FFC5DD0C94C
Two new turrid species (Gastropoda: Pseudomelatomidae) from the Palawan region, the Philippines PETER STAHLSCHMIDT1 & KOEN FRAUSSEN2 1
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]
Species richness of tropical marine molluscs is considerably underestimated (Bouchet et al. 2002). Indeed, the molluscan faunas of some regions, such as Palawan in the western Pacific, have received little attention and some hyper-diverse groups, such as the turrids (a parapyhletic group of Conoidea, formerly known as Turridae), are barely documented. For example, apart from original descriptions of two turrid taxa that have their type locations in Palawan (Comitas aequatorialis palawanica Powell, 1969 and Mangilia quadrasi Boettger, 1895 = Gingicithara notabilis (E. A. Smith, 1888)), there are no published records of turrids from this region. We have been fortunate to have access to recent collections of turrids from different parts of Palawan. Examination of these materials has revealed existence of several undescribed and potentially endemic species. In the present paper two new Pseudomelatomidae species are described. Abbreviations a/l ratio of total length and aperture length (measured along main shell axis) b/l ratio of total length and breadth Abbreviations of museums and depositories ANSP KF LMD MNHN NMSA PS SMF
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA Koen Fraussen collection, Aarschot, Belgium Löbbecke Museum Düsseldorf, Germany Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Peter Stahlschmidt collection, Rohrbach, Germany Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany
Systematics Family Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965 Genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840 Type species: (s.d.) Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1840 [synonym of Pleurotoma incrassata Sowerby, 1834] Crassispira bruehli n. sp. Figures 1–5 Type material. Holotype: MNHN IM-2000-23314 (11.4 mm). Paratype 1: MNHN IM-2000-23315 (11.2 mm). Paratypes 2–3: SMF-336431/2 (9.8 mm, 9.8 mm). Paratypes 4–5: ANSP-454324 (10.3 mm, 10.7 mm). Paratypes 6–11: PS-020259 (9.3 mm, 10.1 mm, 10.6 mm, 11.1 mm, 11.5 mm, 11.5 mm). Paratype 12: KF (10.8 mm). Paratype 13: Conchology Inc. (10.2 mm). All from type locality. Type locality. Philippines, Palawan, Balabac Island, 15–65 m. Distribution. Only known from the Palawan region. So far reported from Balabac Island (dredged at 15–65 m; type
Accepted by T. Duda: 26 Feb. 2014; published: 26 Mar. 2014
89
material), Puerto Princessa (dredged at 10–30 m; voucher specimens PS-020289), Taytay Bay (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020290), and Port Barton (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020291).
FIGURES 1–5. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. 1–2. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-23314), 11.4 mm, Philippines, Palawan, Balabac Island, 15-65 m. 3–5. Paratype 1 (MNHN-23315), 11.2 mm, same locality as holotype. 4–5. Radula. 6–7. Crassispira pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007, holotype (LMD), 17.9 mm, Philippines, Aliguay Island, 80–150 m.
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Description. Shell small to medium sized, up to 11.5 mm in length, b/l 0.37–0.40, a/l 0.36–0.40, narrowly claviform with narrow aperture; 6–7 teleoconch whorls; suture moderately deep, whorls moderately convex. Aperture narrowly pyriform with a very short, broad and deeply notched siphonal canal. Callus moderately strong, forming a rounded nodule in posterior angle of aperture, intruding to some degree into opening of anal sinus. Columella thin, smooth and glossy. Outer apertural lip thin, convex in side-view, crenulated, with a very weakly developed stromboid notch and a moderately deep, openly U-shaped anal sinus, which is directed slightly adapically. Fasciole weak and indistinct. Adult sculpture of stout, rounded axial ribs, commencing at the subsutural band and extending well over the base, overridden by spiral cords, 8–9 on first teleoconch whorl, 8–9 on penultimate whorl. No distinct varices, but the second last axial rib (situated about one-third whorl back from lip) being the strongest followed by a very weak axial rib behind lip. Spiral cords on spire whorls wide and flat, with very narrow interstices; a total of 5–7 on first teleoconch whorl to around 7 on penultimate whorl. Around 20 spiral cords on last whorl becoming somewhat narrower towards rostrum while interstices becoming gradually wider. Colour whitish-cream to light brown with moderate to dark brown axial streaks between axial ribs and in some cases diffuse brown markings on the last whorl, subsutural cord spotted with light to moderate brown, aperture and columella whitish-cream. Protoconch narrowly domed, of 1–1.5 whorls, first whorl depressed, second one weakly convex; suture shallow; white or cream tinged, smooth except for growth lines near termination, transition to teleoconch not well detectable. Radula (based on Paratype 1 MNHN-23315; figs. 4–5) of the 1-0-0-0-1 type (following terminology of Kantor & Taylor, 2000). Marginal plates elongated, narrow, flattened distal end with well-defined, double cutting edges. No preserved soft parts and operculum available for study (the radula was extracted from a dried remnant found in one shell). Remarks. The true generic position of Crassispira bruehli n. sp. and C. pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007 is doubtful, and assignment to the genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840 (type species: Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1840 from eastern Pacific) is only tentative. The presence of broad and rounded axial ribs in combination with faint spiral cords is also found in several Crassispira species in the eastern Pacific such as C. ballenaensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951. The radula, however, with its well-defined, double cutting edges, is similar to radulae of members of the genus Funa Kilburn, 1988. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. is only remotely allied to C. pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007 (figures 6–7) and differs by its smaller size, denser axial sculpture, broader spiral cords, and different coloration. Etymology. Crassispira bruehli n. sp. is named in honour of Dr. Carsten Brühl in appreciation of his friendship and the intensive supervision of the first author’s doctoral thesis. Genus Inquisitor Hedley, 1918 Type species: (o.d.) Pleurotoma sterrha Watson, 1881 Inquisitor armillatus n.sp. Figures 8–10 Type material. Holotype: MNHN IM-2000-23316 (15.2 mm), Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, off Green Island Bay, 15– 35 m. Paratype 1: SMF-336430 (12.8 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratypes 2–4: PS-020260 (15.4 mm, 15.6 mm, 15.9 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratype 5: KF (13.7 mm), same locality as holotype. Paratypes 6–7: ANSP454323 (15.4 mm, 15.8 mm), Philippines, Palawan, Cuyo Island, 15–25 m. Paratype 8: Conchology Inc. (14.8 mm), same locality as paratypes 6–7. Type locality. Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, off Green Island Bay, 15–35 m. Distribution. Only known from the northeastern part of Palawan. So far reported from Green Island Bay (dredged at 15–35 m; type material), Cuyo Island (15–25 m, type material), and Taytay Bay (dredged at 20–25 m; voucher specimens PS-020292). Description. Shell fairly small for the genus, up to 19.1 mm in length (specimen from Taytay Bay), b/l 0.34–0.37, a/l 0.36–0.42, narrowly claviform with narrow aperture; 7–8 teleoconch whorls; suture moderately deep, whorls moderately convex, barely shouldered. Aperture narrowly pyriform with a short, deeply notched siphonal canal. Callus moderately developed, forming a rounded nodule in posterior angle of aperture, not intruding into opening of anal sinus and hence scarcely constricting it. Columella thin, smooth and glossy. Fasciole moderately weak. Outer apertural lip thin, convex in side-view, crenulated, with a well-developed stromboid notch and a moderately deep, openly U-shaped anal sinus, which is directed slightly adapically.
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FIGURES 8–10. Inquisitor armillatus n. sp., holotype (MNHN IM-2000-23316), 15.2 mm, Philippines, Palawan, Roxas, 15–35 m. 11–13. Inquisitor arctatus Kilburn, 1988, holotype (NMSA D1917/T3611), 39.3 mm, South Africa, off Durnford Point, 110 m.
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Sculptured by weak axial ribs, intervals about 2–3 times broader than axial ribs; 8–10 on first teleoconch whorl, 11– 12 on penultimate whorl (including varices), the last varix situated about on-third whorl back from lip. Spiral cords on spire whorls moderately wide and gently rounded, with equally wide interstices; a total of 3–5 on first teleoconch whorl to 8–11 on penultimate whorl. Spiral cords on last whorl becoming narrower towards rostrum while interstices becoming gradually wider. Colour whitish-cream with a light to dark brown spiral band situated above the suture at the abapical part of each teleoconch whorl. Last whorl with two bands, one at the first adapical third and the second one ending at the abapical part of the siphonal canal. Interior of aperture white tinged. Protoconch narrowly domed, of 2–2.5 whorls, first whorl depressed, second one weakly convex; suture shallow; white tinged, smooth except for very weak growth lines near termination. No soft parts or operculum available for study. Remarks. With its remarkable coloration, Inquisitor armillatus n. sp. remotely resembles the South African Inquisitor arctatus Kilburn, 1988 (Figs. 11–13) but the former species attains a much smaller size (around 15 mm compared to around 50 mm), has a shorter siphonal canal, a less pronounced parietal nodule, and fainter spiral cords. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin expression armillatus meaning “wearing a bracelet” which refers to the dark brown colored spiral band.
Acknowledgments We are greatly indebted to Rafael Picardal for procuring the study material, Yuri Kantor for preparing the radula of Crassispira bruehli, Richard Kilburn for discussion and help, Igor Muratov for providing the type photo of Inquisitor arctatus, and Guido Poppe for procuring additional material. Alexander “Sasha” Fedosov, Thomas Duda and one anonymous reviewer provided useful, constructive comments and linguistic corrections.
References Boettger, O. (1895) Die marinen Mollusken der Philippinen (IV) nach den Sammlungen des Herrn José Florencio Quadra in Manila. IV. Die Pleurotomiden. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 27, 1– 20. Bouchet, P., Lozouet, P., Maestrati, P. & Heros, V. (2002) Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 421–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00052.x Hedley, C. (1918) A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Mollusca. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 51, Supplement 1, M1–M120. Hertlein, L.G. & Strong, A.M. (1951) Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XLIII. Mollusks from the west coast of Mexico and Central America. Part X. Zoologica, 36, 67–120. Kantor, Y.I. & Taylor, J.D. (2000) Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism. Journal of Zoology, 252, 251–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x Kiener, L.C. (1840) Genre Pleurotome. (Pleurotoma, Lam.) Spécies Général et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes Comprenant la Collection du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Masséna et les Découverts Récente des Voyageurs. Vol. 5. Rousseau, Paris, 84 pp., 27 pls. Kilburn, R.N. (1988) Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 4. Subfamilies Drilliinae, Crassispirinae and Strictispirinae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 29, 167–320. Morrison, J.P.E (1965) On the families of Turridae. The Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Malacological Union, New York, 2 pp. Powell, A.W.B. (1969) The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 2. The subfamily Turriculinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2, 207–416. Smith, E.A. (1888) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2, 300–317. Sowerby, G.B.I. (1834) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1833, 134–139. Stahlschmidt, P. & Bozzetti, L. (2007) Description of a new turriform gastropod (Gastropoda: Turridae) from Aliguay Island (Philippines). Malacologia (Mostra Mondiale), 56, 10–12. Swainson, W. (1840) A Treatise on Malacology, or Shells and Shell-Fish. The Cabinet Cyclopaedia Conducted by Rev. Dionysius Lardner, LL. D.F.R.S.L. & E.M.R.I.A.F.R.A.S.F.L.S. Hon. F.C.P.S. &c. Assisted by Eminent Literary and Scientific Men. Natural History. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans and John Taylor, London, viii + 419 pp. Watson, R.B. (1881) Mollusca of H.M.S. Challenger Expedition. Parts VIII–X. Journal of the Linnean Society (London), 15, 388–475.
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