This article was downloaded by: [New York University] On: 09 May 2015, At: 21:56 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujhy20
Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder Simon G. Wall M.D.
a
a
Medical Corps, Psychiatry Resident , Tripler Army Medical Center , Honolulu, HI, 96859-5000, USA Published online: 21 Sep 2011.
To cite this article: Simon G. Wall M.D. (1991) Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 34:1, 68-69, DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1991.10402963 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1991.10402963
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/ page/terms-and-conditions
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS
VOLUME 34, NUMBER 1, JULY 1991
Letters to the Editor Let's do the breathing relaxation exercises. The next two cards said: Breath in when my arm goes up. Breath out when my arm goes down. The next card read: Ready? Let's begin now. 1 was seated in a chair next to the bed facing the patient; 1 began a slow fourcount upward movement of my arm synchronized with a very visible inhalation on my part. Then a slow four-count downward motion similarly synchronized with my exhalation. This allowed the patient to remain in contact with her environment via her eyesight and to alleviate some of her fearfulness. After several minutes of fidgeting, during which 1 asked her to go to her safe place, the patient began to breathe with the arm movements. The trance was induced in about 1 1/2 minutes. 1 then said "I would like to speak to (the primary) at the count of three. One, two, three. Hello _ _ _." The patient opened her eyes and responded "Hello." She was able to speak and hear normally and had no recall of the events which had transpired during the time as her alter. The use of flashcards in the induction of hypnosis was a new technique to me although it may well have been used previously by other therapists in patients with similar auditory impairments.
Downloaded by [New York University] at 21:56 09 May 2015
Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder 1 read with interest the article by Bowman & Coons on hypnosis on a deaf subject with multiple personality disorder. Recently 1 had the opportunity to attempt something similar. This is a brief report. The patient is a 25-year-old, married, white female with a known 1 1/2 year history of multiple personality disorder; one of her alters is a deaf-mute, 13-yearold girl. During the day before an elective surgical procedure she met with her longterm therapist. During the therapy session she became agitated and fled the session as the alter of the 13-year-old deaf mute. She was found, still as the alter, wandering the hospital. The security personnel and her surgeons returned her to her room. Once back in her room, she did not recognize any of her family members present. The patient remained deaf and mute, communicating by sign and written notes. 1 was called to assist. The patient had a history of being very readily hypnotizable, with trance usually induced in about 2 minutes of relaxation breathing exercises. However, in her agitated and fearful state, she was unable to hear directions and unwilling to close her eyes. I utilized flashcards to induce hypnosis in the following manner. First I had the surgeons introduce me to the patient. The flashcards were then produced. The first one stated:
68
69
LEITERS TO THE EDITOR
Reference Bowman, E. S. & Coons, P. M. (1990). The use of hypnosis in a deaf patient with multiple personality disorder: A case report. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 23, 99-104. Simon G. Wall, M.D. Major, Medical Corps Psychiatry Resident Tripier Anny Medical Center Honolulu, HI 96859-5000
Downloaded by [New York University] at 21:56 09 May 2015
Reframing of an Addiction Via Hypnotherapy: A Case Presentation I was extremely interested to read Dr. David Orman's account of the 24-yearold male patient who presented with alcohol and cocaine addiction (Orman, 1991). He is to be congratulated on achieving a very satisfactory treatment result in a very difficult patient. In the absence of his treatment intervention, it is likely that the patient would have continued using alcohol and cocaine in order to combat his depression and guilt feelings about his father's infidelity, which was revealed during age regression. The author rightly pointed out that one should address underlying problems rather than concentrating on the addiction itself. The literature on the use of hypnosis in alcoholism and drug addiction is not particularly encouraging, though Cautela reported great success using covert sensitization (Cautela, 1967). My own research in this field suggested that social anxiety was a crucial factor in both alcoholism (Kraft, 1968a; 1971) and drug addiction (Kraft, 1968b). For this reason, I used a systematic desensitization technique for the social anxiety, following the approach originally described by Wolpe (1958). It was found that counteracting the social anxiety had the effect of allowing patients to continue social drinking
without needing to drink to excess. Two young male Drinamyl addicts also responded very well to a desensitization approach and were able to make full recoveries without requiring any addictive drugs (Kraft, 1970). An equally satisfying result was obtained in a lady who was suffering from chronic barbiturate addiction (Kraft, 1969). While these are all individual case studies and one would hesitate to make any generalizations from these, it might be valuable to consider the possibility that social anxiety is an important component of addictions in general. References Cautela, J. R. (1967). Covert sensitization. Psychological Reports, 20, 459-468. Kraft, T. (1968a). Experience in the treatment of alcoholism. In H. Freeman (Ed.), Progress in behaviour therapy. Bristol: Wright. Kraft, T. (1968b). Social anxiety and drug addiction. British Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2, 192-195. Kraft, T. (1969). Successful treatment of a case of chronic barbiturate addiction. British Journal of Addiction, 64, 115-120. Kraft, T. (1970). Treatment of drinamyl addiction. Two case studies. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 150, 138-144. Kraft, T. (1971). Social anxiety model of alcoholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, 797-798. Orman, D. J. (1991). Reframing of an addiction via hypnotherapy: A case presentation. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 33, 263-271. Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Thomas Kraft 80 Harley Street London WIN lAE England
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujhy20
Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder Simon G. Wall M.D.
a
a
Medical Corps, Psychiatry Resident , Tripler Army Medical Center , Honolulu, HI, 96859-5000, USA Published online: 21 Sep 2011.
To cite this article: Simon G. Wall M.D. (1991) Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 34:1, 68-69, DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1991.10402963 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1991.10402963
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/ page/terms-and-conditions
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS
VOLUME 34, NUMBER 1, JULY 1991
Letters to the Editor Let's do the breathing relaxation exercises. The next two cards said: Breath in when my arm goes up. Breath out when my arm goes down. The next card read: Ready? Let's begin now. 1 was seated in a chair next to the bed facing the patient; 1 began a slow fourcount upward movement of my arm synchronized with a very visible inhalation on my part. Then a slow four-count downward motion similarly synchronized with my exhalation. This allowed the patient to remain in contact with her environment via her eyesight and to alleviate some of her fearfulness. After several minutes of fidgeting, during which 1 asked her to go to her safe place, the patient began to breathe with the arm movements. The trance was induced in about 1 1/2 minutes. 1 then said "I would like to speak to (the primary) at the count of three. One, two, three. Hello _ _ _." The patient opened her eyes and responded "Hello." She was able to speak and hear normally and had no recall of the events which had transpired during the time as her alter. The use of flashcards in the induction of hypnosis was a new technique to me although it may well have been used previously by other therapists in patients with similar auditory impairments.
Downloaded by [New York University] at 21:56 09 May 2015
Treatment of a Deaf Multiple Personality Disorder 1 read with interest the article by Bowman & Coons on hypnosis on a deaf subject with multiple personality disorder. Recently 1 had the opportunity to attempt something similar. This is a brief report. The patient is a 25-year-old, married, white female with a known 1 1/2 year history of multiple personality disorder; one of her alters is a deaf-mute, 13-yearold girl. During the day before an elective surgical procedure she met with her longterm therapist. During the therapy session she became agitated and fled the session as the alter of the 13-year-old deaf mute. She was found, still as the alter, wandering the hospital. The security personnel and her surgeons returned her to her room. Once back in her room, she did not recognize any of her family members present. The patient remained deaf and mute, communicating by sign and written notes. 1 was called to assist. The patient had a history of being very readily hypnotizable, with trance usually induced in about 2 minutes of relaxation breathing exercises. However, in her agitated and fearful state, she was unable to hear directions and unwilling to close her eyes. I utilized flashcards to induce hypnosis in the following manner. First I had the surgeons introduce me to the patient. The flashcards were then produced. The first one stated:
68
69
LEITERS TO THE EDITOR
Reference Bowman, E. S. & Coons, P. M. (1990). The use of hypnosis in a deaf patient with multiple personality disorder: A case report. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 23, 99-104. Simon G. Wall, M.D. Major, Medical Corps Psychiatry Resident Tripier Anny Medical Center Honolulu, HI 96859-5000
Downloaded by [New York University] at 21:56 09 May 2015
Reframing of an Addiction Via Hypnotherapy: A Case Presentation I was extremely interested to read Dr. David Orman's account of the 24-yearold male patient who presented with alcohol and cocaine addiction (Orman, 1991). He is to be congratulated on achieving a very satisfactory treatment result in a very difficult patient. In the absence of his treatment intervention, it is likely that the patient would have continued using alcohol and cocaine in order to combat his depression and guilt feelings about his father's infidelity, which was revealed during age regression. The author rightly pointed out that one should address underlying problems rather than concentrating on the addiction itself. The literature on the use of hypnosis in alcoholism and drug addiction is not particularly encouraging, though Cautela reported great success using covert sensitization (Cautela, 1967). My own research in this field suggested that social anxiety was a crucial factor in both alcoholism (Kraft, 1968a; 1971) and drug addiction (Kraft, 1968b). For this reason, I used a systematic desensitization technique for the social anxiety, following the approach originally described by Wolpe (1958). It was found that counteracting the social anxiety had the effect of allowing patients to continue social drinking
without needing to drink to excess. Two young male Drinamyl addicts also responded very well to a desensitization approach and were able to make full recoveries without requiring any addictive drugs (Kraft, 1970). An equally satisfying result was obtained in a lady who was suffering from chronic barbiturate addiction (Kraft, 1969). While these are all individual case studies and one would hesitate to make any generalizations from these, it might be valuable to consider the possibility that social anxiety is an important component of addictions in general. References Cautela, J. R. (1967). Covert sensitization. Psychological Reports, 20, 459-468. Kraft, T. (1968a). Experience in the treatment of alcoholism. In H. Freeman (Ed.), Progress in behaviour therapy. Bristol: Wright. Kraft, T. (1968b). Social anxiety and drug addiction. British Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2, 192-195. Kraft, T. (1969). Successful treatment of a case of chronic barbiturate addiction. British Journal of Addiction, 64, 115-120. Kraft, T. (1970). Treatment of drinamyl addiction. Two case studies. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 150, 138-144. Kraft, T. (1971). Social anxiety model of alcoholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, 797-798. Orman, D. J. (1991). Reframing of an addiction via hypnotherapy: A case presentation. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 33, 263-271. Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Thomas Kraft 80 Harley Street London WIN lAE England
