Article
The Use of the Schizonticidal Agent Quinine Sulfate to Prevent Pond Crashes for Algal-Biofuel Production Chunyan Xu 1 , Kangyan Wu 1 , Steve W. Van Ginkel 1 , Thomas Igou 1 , Hwa Jong Lee 1 , Aditya Bhargava 1 , Rachel Johnston 2 , Terry Snell 2 and Yongsheng Chen 1, * Received: 27 August 2015 ; Accepted: 9 November 2015 ; Published: 17 November 2015 Academic Editor: Christopher Q. Lan 1
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA; [email protected] (C.X.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (S.W.V.G.); [email protected] (T.I.); [email protected] (H.J.L.); [email protected] (A.B.) School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 201 Cherry-Emerson, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA; [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (T.S.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-404-894-3089; Fax: +1-404-894-8401
Abstract: Algal biofuels are investigated as a promising alternative to petroleum fuel sources to satisfy transportation demand. Despite the high growth rate of algae, predation by rotifers, ciliates, golden algae, and other predators will cause an algae in open ponds to crash. In this study, Chlorella kessleri was used as a model alga and the freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, as a model predator. The goal of this study was to test the selective toxicity of the chemical, quinine sulfate (QS), on both the alga and the rotifer in order to fully inhibit the rotifer while minimizing its impact on algal growth. The QS LC50 for B. calyciflorus was 17 µM while C. kessleri growth was not inhibited at concentrations
The Use of the Schizonticidal Agent Quinine Sulfate to Prevent Pond Crashes for Algal-Biofuel Production Chunyan Xu 1 , Kangyan Wu 1 , Steve W. Van Ginkel 1 , Thomas Igou 1 , Hwa Jong Lee 1 , Aditya Bhargava 1 , Rachel Johnston 2 , Terry Snell 2 and Yongsheng Chen 1, * Received: 27 August 2015 ; Accepted: 9 November 2015 ; Published: 17 November 2015 Academic Editor: Christopher Q. Lan 1
2
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA; [email protected] (C.X.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (S.W.V.G.); [email protected] (T.I.); [email protected] (H.J.L.); [email protected] (A.B.) School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 201 Cherry-Emerson, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA; [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (T.S.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-404-894-3089; Fax: +1-404-894-8401
Abstract: Algal biofuels are investigated as a promising alternative to petroleum fuel sources to satisfy transportation demand. Despite the high growth rate of algae, predation by rotifers, ciliates, golden algae, and other predators will cause an algae in open ponds to crash. In this study, Chlorella kessleri was used as a model alga and the freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, as a model predator. The goal of this study was to test the selective toxicity of the chemical, quinine sulfate (QS), on both the alga and the rotifer in order to fully inhibit the rotifer while minimizing its impact on algal growth. The QS LC50 for B. calyciflorus was 17 µM while C. kessleri growth was not inhibited at concentrations
