American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
AACP REPORTS The Pharmacy Student Population: Applications Received 2013-14, Degrees Conferred 2013-14, Fall 2014 Enrollments Jamie N. Taylor, BA, Danielle A. Taylor, MPP, Nancy T. Nguyen, BA American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Alexandria VA
residents having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Prior to 2011, these students were included in the Asian category. American Indian or Alaska Native refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community attachment. Two or More Races refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are not Hispanic/Latino and identify themselves by more than one race. Unknown refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents whose race and ethnicity are not known. Prior to 2011, this category was labeled Other/Unknown and students that were of two or more races were included in this category. Finally, International/ Foreign refers to citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S.
INTRODUCTION This report presents data that describe the 2013-14 pharmacy application pool, degrees conferred in 2013-14, and fall 2014 pharmacy program enrollments. Data for this report were requested from the 133 U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy recognized by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) using five separate survey instruments. There were previously two professional education programs at U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy: one leading to a baccalaureate in pharmacy, and the other leading to the doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree. However, June 30, 2005 marked the official expiration of the ACPE standards to the baccalaureate in pharmacy (B.S. Pharmacy) degree programs in accordance with the transition to the doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree as the sole professional degree program in the U.S. Some colleges and schools of pharmacy conferred degrees in the B.S. Pharmacy program until 2004-05. For the purpose of this report, students in doctor of pharmacy programs are categorized under Pharm.D.1 when the program leads to a doctor of pharmacy degree conferred as the first professional degree. Students who have already received a baccalaureate in pharmacy and are enrolled in a doctor of pharmacy degree program are categorized under Pharm.D.2. The following definitions refer to the race/ethnicity groups as used in this report. White refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Black or African American refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Hispanic or Latino refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Asian refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander refers to U.S. citizens or permanent
2013-14 APPLICATION POOL The 2013-14 Application Pool Survey was conducted online in October 2014 with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. After follow-up correspondence, 131 colleges and schools (98.5 percent) submitted the requested information. Included in the application pool are students who applied for admission and submitted all required application materials between September 2013 and August 2014 for the entering class of fall 2014. Numbers reported represent the number of applications, not applicants, and may represent multiple applications submitted by individual applicants. During the period September 2013 through August 2014, the reporting institutions received 85,754 applications for admission. When compared with entering class enrollment data for fall 2014 at these institutions, the resultant ratio was 5.5 applications received for every one entering student enrolled. In 2013-14, females submitted 59.3 percent of the applications to pharmacy colleges and schools; males submitted 39.2 percent; gender unknown/not reported submitted 1.5 percent. White Americans submitted 1
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 1. Distribution of 2013-14 Applications by Gender and Race/Ethnicity of Applicanta Race/Ethnicity b
White Black or African Americanb Hispanic or Latinob Asianb Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderb American Indian or Alaska Nativeb Two or more racesb Unknownb International/Foreignc Total
Male
Female
Gender Not Specified
12,505 4,087 2,100 11,145 68 56 796 1,718 1,332 33,807
18,525 5,275 2,989 17,992 84 117 1,349 2,519 2,281 51,131
51 32 12 71 1 0 1 620 28 816
Total (%) 31,081 9,394 5,101 29,208 153 173 2,146 4,857 3,641 85,754
(36.2) (11.0) (5.9) (34.1) (0.2) (0.2) (2.5) (5.7) (4.2)
a
Represents data, some incomplete, submitted by 131 schools U.S. citizen or permanent resident c Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. b
36.2 percent of the applications, Asian Americans submitted 34.1 percent of the applications, and underrepresented minorities submitted 17.3 percent of the applications (black, 11.0 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 5.9 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.2 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.2 percent). 2.5 percent of the applications to the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were from applicants of two or more races and 4.2 percent of the applications were submitted by foreign, nonpermanent residents [Table 1]. For the tenth consecutive year, colleges and schools of pharmacy received more applications from out-of-state residents (56.0 percent) compared to 44.0 percent from in-state residents. The higher percentage of out-of-state applicants can be attributed to the ease of applying to colleges and schools of pharmacy in different states through PharmCAS. Over 65 percent (65.2 percent) of the applications to the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were submitted by individuals who had previously obtained a baccalaureate degree or higher (baccalaureate, 61.2 percent; master’s, 3.0 percent; doctorate, 1.0 percent), [Table 2]. Over 75 percent (75.9 percent) of the
applications to colleges and schools of pharmacy were submitted by individuals who had 3 or more years of postsecondary experience.
2013-14 DEGREES CONFERRED The 2013-14 Professional Degrees Conferred and Graduate Degrees Conferred surveys were conducted online in October 2014, with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. Submission of the data was requested by December 2014. After follow-up correspondence, 132 colleges and schools (99.2 percent) submitted the requested information. Professional Degrees Conferred Numbers of degrees conferred by U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy from 1965 to 2014 are presented in Table 3. First Professional Degrees Conferred In 2013-14, 120 colleges and schools conferred the doctor of pharmacy as a first professional degree
Table 2. Distribution of 2013-14 Applications to First Professional Degree Programs by Gender and Previous Postsecondary Experience of Applicanta Postsecondary Experience
Male
Female
Gender Not Specified
0 Years of College 1-2 Years of College/No Degree Associate’s Degree 3 or More Years of College/No Degree Baccalaureate Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree
4,060 1,370 2,707 3,742 20,072 1,233 353
6,988 2,092 3,152 5,248 31,536 1,317 461
1 81 147 180 758 57 13
a
Represents data, some incomplete, submitted by 131 schools
2
Total (%) 11,049 3,544 6,006 9,170 52,366 2,607 827
(12.9) (4.1) (7.0) (10.7) (61.2) (3.0) (1.0)
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year
2,723 2,970 3,078 3,194 3,384 3,664 3,589 3,498 3,674 4,104 4,607 4,940 5,108 4,715 4,260 4,154 3,753 3,417 2,994 2,826 2,362 2,370 2,235 2,245 2,313 2,393 2,268 2,261 2,244 2,274 2,291 2,311 2,212 1,818 1,528 1,115 754 540
454 500 493 572 695 853 935 1,072 1,259 1,559 1,792 2,165 2,541 2,715 2,835 2,831 3,116 3,031 2,925 2,720 2,785 2,820 2,929 3,126 3,408 3,617 3,659 3,636 3,787 3,871 3,927 3,857 3,556 2,950 2,348 1,841 1,160 875
3,177 3,470 3,571 3,766 4,079 4,517 4,524 4,570 4,933 5,663 6,399 7,105 7,649 7,430 7,095 6,985 6,869 6,448 5,919 5,546 5,147 5,190 5,164 5,371 5,721 6,010 5,927 5,897 6,031 6,145 6,218 6,168 5,768 4,768 3,876 2,956 1,914 1,415
BS Pharmacya M F T 162 161 136 183 178 192 160 215 184 205 218 250 255 246 278 267 265 217 240 188 281 278 291 322 314 388 436 436 460 435 553 583 691 830 1,081 1,432 1,730 2,055
M 21 28 37 39 31 49 63 73 67 89 95 109 107 109 183 180 189 194 215 229 307 332 399 491 525 558 759 780 889 924 1,066 1,252 1,313 1,802 2,184 2,872 3,356 4,103
PharmD1b F 183 189 173 222 209 241 223 288 251 294 313 359 362 355 461 447 454 411 455 417 588 610 690 813 839 946 1,195 1,216 1,349 1,359 1,619 1,835 2,004 2,632 3,265 4,304 5,086 6,158
T 2,885 3,131 3,214 3,377 3,562 3,856 3,749 3,713 3,858 4,309 4,825 5,190 5,363 4,961 4,538 4,421 4,018 3,634 3,234 3,014 2,643 2,648 2,526 2,567 2,627 2,781 2,704 2,697 2,704 2,709 2,844 2,894 2,903 2,648 2,609 2,547 2,484 2,595
475 528 530 611 726 902 998 1,145 1,326 1,648 1,887 2,274 2,648 2,824 3,018 3,011 3,305 3,225 3,140 2,949 3,092 3,152 3,328 3,617 3,933 4,175 4,418 4,416 4,676 4,795 4,993 5,109 4,869 4,752 4,532 4,713 4,516 4,978
3,360 3,659 3,744 3,988 4,288 4,758 4,747 4,858 5,184 5,957 6,712 7,464 8,011 7,785 7,556 7,432 7,323 6,859 6,374 5,963 5,735 5,800 5,854 6,184 6,560 6,956 7,122 7,113 7,380 7,504 7,837 8,003 7,772 7,400 7,141 7,260 7,000 7,573
First Professionalc M F T
Table 3. Number of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1965-2014 by Degree and Gender
99 117 110 88 147 132 139 120 109 119 136 169 121 97 86 74 99 118 106 124 141 208 270 264 321 351 315 469 367 276
18 23 26 38 42 65 51 60 101 88 135 162 103 113 126 85 123 184 165 162 255 367 434 468 538 663 598 800 612 504
117 140 136 126 189 197 190 180 210 207 271 331 224 210 212 159 222 302 271 286 396 575 704 732 859 1,014 913 1,269 979 780
PharmD2d M F T 150 152 235 219 235 236 219 205 273 250 250 301 309 305 301 315 271 293 277 253 210 245 197 194 226 202 189 148 148 182 187 217 191 197 172 154 182 178
M 26 38 32 44 42 54 56 56 53 70 89 92 90 117 134 150 163 165 149 141 128 170 151 159 165 183 175 134 153 173 205 205 209 224 212 200 279 265
MS F 176 190 267 263 277 290 275 261 326 320 339 393 399 422 435 465 434 458 426 394 338 415 348 353 391 385 364 282 301 355 392 422 400 421 384 354 461 443
T 105 108 118 124 136 131 169 155 172 165 165 163 147 158 125 155 152 146 154 174 175 192 203 188 175 181 201 195 223 198 218 186 218 238 221 174 211 216
M
3
108 123 126 134 145 141 177 168 187 184 189 189 166 178 153 189 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376
T
(Continued)
3 15 8 10 9 10 8 13 15 19 24 26 19 20 28 34 28 36 54 53 57 68 80 75 112 92 112 122 125 122 132 118 140 173 138 149 164 160
PhD F
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565 174 159 214 190 192 206 230 207 221 222 296 267 Includes BPharm Degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 d PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree
a
6,869 6,448 5,919 5,546 5,147 5,190 5,164 5,371 5,721 6,010 5,927 5,897 6,031 6,145 6,218 6,168 5,768 4,768 3,876 2,956 1,914 1,415 839 388 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(93.8) (94.0) (92.9) (93.0) (89.7) (89.5) (88.2) (86.9) (87.3) (86.4) (83.2) (82.9) (81.7) (81.9) (79.3) (77.1) (74.2) (64.4) (54.3) (40.7) (27.3) (18.7) (11.2) (4.8) (0.3) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0)
PharmD1b n (%) 454 411 455 417 588 610 690 813 839 946 1,195 1,216 1,349 1,359 1,619 1,835 2,004 2,632 3,265 4,304 5,086 6,158 6,649 7,770 8,242 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838
(6.2) (6.0) (7.1) (7.0) (10.3) (10.5) (11.8) (13.1) (12.7) (13.6) (16.8) (17.1) (18.3) (18.1) (20.7) (22.9) (25.8) (35.6) (45.7) (59.3) (72.7) (81.3) (88.8) (95.2) (99.7) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0)
First Professionalc n 7,323 6,859 6,374 5,963 5,735 5,800 5,854 6,184 6,560 6,956 7,122 7,113 7,380 7,504 7,837 8,003 7,772 7,400 7,141 7,260 7,000 7,573 7,488 8,158 8,268 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838
Includes BPharm degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 b
b
a
M T
472 651 626 644 604 732 767 773 822 681 655 775 273 377 393 403 368 457 396 430 470 383 390 435 199 274 233 241 236 275 371 343 352 298 265 340 338 277 241 202 97 225 179 191 167 163 132 110
557 479 427 313 373 402 349 336 248 281 212 229
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
7,488 8,158 8,268 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838 4,852 5,437 5,634 6,165 6,641 6,925 7,076 7,200 7,378 7,782 8,144 8,355 2,636 2,721 2,634 2,875 3,171 3,575 3,912 4,287 4,553 4,937 5,063 5,483
M T
6,649 7,770 8,242 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838 4,316 5,202 5,624 6,165 6,641 6,925 7,076 7,200 7,378 7,782 8,144 8,355 2,333 2,568 2,618 2,875 3,171 3,575 3,912 4,287 4,553 4,937 5,063 5,483 839 388 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 536 235 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303 153 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M
BS Pharmacya Year n (%)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Table 4. Baccalaureate and Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.1) Degrees as Percentages of Total First Professional Degrees Conferred 1981-2014
895 756 668 515 470 627 528 527 415 444 344 339
MS F PharmD2d M F T First Professionalc M F T PharmD1b F BS Pharmacya M F T
Table 3. (Continued )
(Pharm.D.1). Graduating Pharm.D.1 class sizes ranged from 29 students to 281 students (median, 100 students). Twelve of the 132 colleges and schools of pharmacy did not confer degrees in 2013-14. These schools were new programs whose students had not yet progressed through the entire curriculum (California Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, South Florida, Rosalind Franklin, Manchester, Western New England, Fairleigh Dickinson, D’Youville, Cedarville, South-TN, North Texas, and Marshall).
210 176 215 252 220 262 228 243 250 275 293 298
PhD F
T
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
4
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 5. Annual Percentage Change in Number of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1981-2014 Over Previous Year Year
First Professionala No. (% Change)
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
7,323 (-1.5) 6,859 (-6.3) 6,374 (-7.1) 5,963 (-6.4) 5,735 (-3.8) 5,800 (11.1) 5,854 (10.9) 6,184 (15.6) 6,560 (16.0) 6,956 (16.0) 7,122 (12.4) 7,113 (-0.1) 7,380 (13.8) 7,504 (11.7) 7,837 (14.4) 8,003 (12.1) 7,772 (-2.9) 7,400 (-4.8) 7,141 (-3.5) 7,260 (11.7) 7,000 (-3.6) 7,573 (+8.2) 7,488 (-1.1) 8,158 (18.9) 8,268 (11.3) 9,040 (19.3) 9,812 (18.5) 10,500 (17.0) 10,988 (14.6) 11,487 (14.5) 11,931 (13.9) 12,719 (16.6) 13,207 (13.8) 13,838 (14.8)
PharmD2b No. (% Change) 210 207 271 331 224 210 212 159 222 302 271 286 396 575 704 732 859 1,014 913 1,269 979 780 895 756 668 515 470 627 528 527 415 444 344 339
(116.7) (-1.4) (130.9) (122.2) (-32.3) (-6.3) (11.0) (-25.0) (139.6) (136.0) (-10.3) (15.5) (138.5) (145.2) (122.4) (14.0) (117.3) (118.0) (-10.0) (139.0) (-22.9) (-20.3) (114.7) (-15.5) (-11.6) (-22.9) (-8.7) (133.4) (-15.8) (-0.2) (-21.3) (17.0) (-22.5) (-1.5)
MS No. (% Change) 434 458 426 394 338 415 348 353 391 385 364 282 301 355 392 422 400 421 384 354 461 443 472 651 626 644 604 732 767 773 822 681 655 775
(-6.7) (15.5) (-7.0) (-7.5) (-14.2) (122.8) (-16.1) (11.4) (110.8) (-1.5) (-5.5) (-22.5) (16.7) (117.9) (110.4) (17.7) (-5.2) (15.3) (-8.8) (-7.8) (130.2) (-3.9) (16.5) (137.9) (-3.8) (12.9) (-6.2) (121.2) (14.8) (10.8) (16.3) (-17.2) (-3.8) (118.3)
PhD No. (% Change) 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376 384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565
(-4.8) (11.1) (114.3) (19.1) (12.2) (112.1) (18.8) (-7.1) (19.1) (-4.9) (114.7) (11.3) (19.8) (-8.0) (19.4) (-13.1) (117.8) (114.8) (-12.7) (-10.0) (116.1) (10) (12.1) (-12.8) (128.1) (13.0) (-6.8) (113.6) (-2.1) (-1.7) (14.7) (15.5) (118.5) (-4.1)
a
Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 from 1981-2005. Includes only PharmD1 beginning in 2006 PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree
b
In 2013-14 there were 13,838 first professional degrees conferred by colleges and schools of pharmacy compared to 13,207 in 2012-13. [Table 4]. The total number of first professional degrees conferred in 201314 represented a 4.8 percent increase from the total number of first professional degrees conferred in 2012-13 [Table 5]. In 1979-80, men received 59.5 percent of the first professional degrees conferred by colleges and schools of pharmacy and women received 40.5 percent. Over the past 30 years, these percentages have shifted dramatically and, in 2013-14, men received 39.6 percent of the first professional degrees conferred and 60.4 percent of
these degrees were received by women. Women received their highest percentage of degrees conferred in 2004-05 (68.1 percent) and 2005-06 (68.2 percent) [Table 6]. White Americans received 54.7 percent of first professional degrees conferred in 2013-14. Underrepresented minorities received 11.7 percent of the first professional degrees conferred in 2013-14 (black, 6.8 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 4.4 percent; Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander, 0.2 percent; American Indian/ Alaska Native, 0.3 percent). Asian Americans received 24.1 percent of the first professional degrees. The percentage of first professional degree recipients who were of two or more races was 1.3 percent and the percentage of 5
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 6. Percentage of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1980-2014 by Gender Year
BS Pharmacya M F
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
59.5 54.6 53.0 50.6 51.0 45.9 45.7 43.3 41.8 40.4 39.8 38.3 38.3 37.2 37.0 36.8 37.5 38.4 38.1 39.4 37.7 39.4 38.2 36.1 39.4 61.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
40.5 45.4 47.0 49.4 49.0 54.1 54.3 56.7 58.2 59.6 60.2 61.7 61.7 62.8 63.0 63.2 62.5 61.7 61.9 60.6 62.3 60.6 61.8 63.9 60.6 38.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
PharmD1b M F 59.7 58.4 52.8 52.7 45.1 47.8 45.6 42.2 39.6 37.4 41.0 36.5 35.9 34.1 32.0 34.2 31.8 34.5 31.5 33.1 33.3 34.0 33.4 35.1 33.1 31.8 31.8 32.3 34.0 35.6 37.3 38.2 38.8 38.3 39.6
40.3 41.6 47.2 47.3 54.9 52.2 54.4 57.8 60.4 62.6 59.0 63.5 64.1 65.9 68.0 65.8 68.2 65.5 68.5 66.9 66.7 66.0 66.6 64.9 66.9 68.2 68.2 67.7 66.0 64.4 62.7 61.8 61.2 61.7 60.4
First Professionalc M F 59.5 54.9 53.0 50.7 50.5 46.1 45.7 43.1 41.5 40.0 40.0 38.0 37.9 36.6 36.1 36.3 36.2 37.4 35.8 36.5 35.1 35.5 34.3 35.2 33.4 31.9 31.8 32.3 34.0 35.6 37.3 38.2 38.8 38.3 39.6
40.5 45.1 47.0 49.3 49.5 53.9 54.3 56.9 58.5 60.0 60.0 62.0 62.1 63.4 63.9 63.7 63.8 62.6 64.2 63.5 64.9 64.5 65.7 64.8 66.6 68.1 68.2 67.7 66.0 64.4 62.7 61.8 61.2 61.7 60.4
PharmD2d M F 66.7 51.9 57.5 50.2 51.1 54.0 46.2 40.6 46.5 44.6 39.1 39.1 43.4 35.6 36.2 38.4 36.1 37.4 34.6 34.5 37.0 37.5 35.4 37.8 36.6 36.1 39.2 20.6 35.9 33.9 36.2 40.2 36.7 38.4 32.4
33.3 48.1 42.5 49.8 48.9 46.0 53.8 59.4 53.5 55.4 60.9 60.9 56.6 64.4 63.8 61.6 63.9 62.6 65.4 65.5 63.0 62.5 64.6 62.2 63.4 63.9 60.8 79.4 64.1 66.1 63.8 59.8 63.3 61.6 67.6
MS
PhD
M
F
M
F
67.7 62.4 64.0 65.0 64.2 62.1 59.0 56.6 55.0 57.8 52.5 51.9 52.5 49.2 51.3 47.7 51.4 47.8 46.8 44.8 43.5 39.5 40.2 42.2 42.1 37.2 37.5 39.1 37.6 48.4 44.4 42.8 43.8 40.5 43.9
32.3 37.6 36.0 35.0 35.8 37.9 41.0 43.4 45.0 42.2 47.5 48.1 47.5 50.8 48.7 52.3 48.6 52.2 53.2 55.2 56.5 60.5 59.8 57.8 57.9 62.8 62.5 60.9 62.4 51.6 55.6 57.2 56.2 59.5 56.1
82.0 84.4 80.2 74.0 76.7 75.4 73.8 71.7 71.5 61.0 66.3 64.2 61.5 64.1 61.9 62.3 61.2 60.9 57.9 61.6 53.9 56.3 57.4 54.7 52.5 50.1 57.0 53.4 56.0 49.8 54.0 53.1 55.3 49.7 52.7
18.0 15.6 19.8 26.0 23.3 24.6 26.2 28.3 28.5 39.0 33.7 35.8 38.5 35.9 38.1 37.7 38.8 39.1 42.1 38.4 46.1 43.7 42.6 45.3 47.5 49.9 43.0 46.6 44.0 50.2 46.0 46.9 44.7 50.3 47.3
a
Includes BPharm degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 from 1981-2005. Includes only PharmD1 beginning in 2006 d PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree NA: Not applicable b
recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 2.2 percent [Table 7].
(Pharm.D.2) decreased by 1.5 percent to 339 in 2013-14 from 344 in 2012-13 [Table 5]. More women than men received Pharm.D.2 degrees in 2013-14 (women, 67.6 percent; men, 32.4 percent) [Table 6]. White Americans received 35.7 percent of Pharm. D.2 degrees conferred in 2013-14. Underrepresented minorities received 20.9 percent of the Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred (black, 15.3 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 5.0 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.0 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.6 percent).
Doctor of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred to Postbaccalaureate Students Thirteen colleges and schools conferred the Pharm.D. degree to postbaccalaureate students in 2013-14. The number of graduates per institution ranged from 1 to 128 students (median, 20 students). The number of doctor of pharmacy degrees conferred as postbaccalaureate degrees 6
7
6,335 6,205 5,810 5,189 4,676 4,591 4,534 4,559 4,943 5,040 5,303 5,381 5,304 5,346 5,476 5,584 5,527 5,364 5,041 4,597 4,517 4,469 4,648 4,473 4,954 5,031 5,650 6,182 6,560 6,660 6,880 7,136 7,396 7,479 7,564
(85.2) (84.7) (84.7) (81.4) (78.4) (80.1) (78.2) (77.9) (79.9) (76.8) (76.2) (75.6) (74.6) (72.4) (73.0) (71.3) (69.1) (69.0) (68.1) (64.4) (62.2) (63.8) (61.4) (59.7) (60.7) (60.8) (62.5) (63.0) (62.5) (60.6) (59.9) (59.8) (58.1) (56.6) (54.7)
249 230 250 241 242 250 306 298 282 310 368 350 381 452 385 445 528 446 444 401 480 428 575 591 612 720 668 682 702 688 744 763 832 916 942
(3.4) (3.1) (3.6) (3.8) (4.1) (4.4) (5.3) (5.1) (4.6) (4.7) (5.3) (4.9) (5.4) (6.1) (5.1) (5.7) (6.6) (5.7) (6.0) (5.6) (6.6) (6.1) (7.6) (7.9) (7.5) (8.7) (7.4) (7.0) (6.7) (6.3) (6.5) (6.4) (6.5) (6.9) (6.8)
Black or African Americana n (%) 277 361 241 261 217 245 217 258 248 249 254 288 289 260 269 282 266 282 264 266 287 253 303 310 295 361 377 386 407 454 489 512 532 563 602
(3.7) (4.9) (3.5) (4.1) (3.6) (4.3) (3.7) (4.4) (4.0) (3.8) (3.7) (4.1) (4.1) (3.5) (3.6) (3.6) (3.3) (3.6) (3.6) (3.7) (4.0) (3.6) (4.0) (4.1) (3.6) (4.4) (4.2) (3.9) (3.9) (4.1) (4.3) (4.3) (4.2) (4.3) (4.4)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 292 288 317 316 339 320 333 371 335 454 586 745 771 873 972 1,161 1,328 1,363 1,404 1,327 1,505 1,456 1,625 1,691 1,857 1,683 1,822 1,970 2,106 2,333 2,463 2,570 2,784 3,024 3,335
(3.9) (3.9) (4.6) (5.0) (5.7) (5.6) (5.7) (6.3) (5.4) (6.9) (8.4) (10.5) (10.8) (11.8) (13.0) (14.8) (16.6) (17.5) (19.0) (18.6) (20.7) (20.8) (21.5) (22.6) (22.8) (20.4) (20.2) (20.1) (20.1) (21.2) (21.4) (21.5) (21.9) (22.9) (24.1)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 43 (0.4) 198 (1.6) 45 (0.3) 30 (0.2)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. c Includes only PharmD1 degrees from 2006 onward NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006c 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 8 5 13 8 10 6 11 8 12 12 11 20 20 19 23 28 25 34 26 36 44 26 47 38 32 52 39 53 61 64 50 42 61 52 44
(0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.4) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.4) (0.6) (0.5) (0.4) (0.6) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.4) (0.3)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 37 (0.3) 98 (0.8) 91 (0.7) 174 (1.3)
Two or More Racesa n (%)
Table 7. Percentage of First Professional Degree (BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
49 (0.7) 7 (0.1) 18 (0.3) 93 (1.5) 174 (2.9) 8 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 15 (0.3) 27 (0.4) 90 (1.4) 88 (1.3) 58 (0.8) 40 (0.6) 124 (1.7) 122 (1.6) 48 (0.6) 56 (0.7) 45 (0.6) 58 (0.8) 366 (5.1) 223 (3.1) 194 (2.8) 198 (2.6) 182 (2.4) 190 (2.3) 226 (2.7) 265 (2.9) 337 (3.4) 424 (4.0) 497 (4.5) 602 (5.2) 520 (4.4) 537 (4.2) 744 (5.6) 844 (6.1)
Unknowna n (%) 222 227 210 266 305 315 399 345 337 405 346 280 308 306 257 289 273 238 163 148 204 174 177 203 218 195 219 202 240 292 259 308 281 293 303
(3.0) (3.1) (3.1) (4.2) (5.1) (5.5) (6.9) (5.9) (5.4) (6.2) (5.0) (3.9) (4.3) (4.1) (3.4) (3.7) (3.4) (3.1) (2.2) (2.1) (2.8) (2.5) (2.3) (2.7) (2.7) (2.4) (2.4) (2.1) (2.3) (2.7) (2.3) (2.6) (2.2) (2.2) (2.2)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
8
161 171 172 217 268 174 154 170 124 171 244 217 232 308 462 573 589 674 786 627 897 690 533 567 472 351 284 187 344 254 193 162 182 139 121
(89.4) (81.4) (83.1) (80.1) (81.0) (77.7) (73.3) (80.2) (78.0) (77.0) (80.8) (80.1) (81.1) (77.8) (80.3) (81.4) (80.5) (78.5) (77.5) (68.7) (70.7) (70.0) (68.3) (63.4) (62.4) (52.5) (55.1) (39.8) (54.9) (48.1) (36.6) (39.0) (41.0) (40.4) (35.7)
4 7 6 23 10 13 15 5 5 9 13 11 15 17 26 38 34 59 41 59 67 62 43 57 80 55 42 97 61 46 53 47 46 36 52
(2.2) (3.3) (2.9) (8.5) (3.0) (5.8) (7.1) (2.4) (3.1) (4.1) (4.3) (4.1) (5.2) (4.3) (4.5) (5.4) (4.6) (6.9) (4.0) (6.5) (5.3) (6.3) (5.5) (6.4) (10.6) (8.2) (8.2) (20.6) (9.7) (8.7) (10.1) (11.3) (10.4) (10.5) (15.3)
Black or African Americana n (%) 2 (1.1) 9 (4.3) 3 (1.4) 7 (2.6) 5 (1.5) 2 (0.9) 6 (2.9) 7 (3.3) 1 (0.6) 3 (1.4) 10 (3.3) 4 (1.5) 2 (0.7) 9 (2.3) 12 (2.1) 10 (1.4) 11 (1.5) 5 (0.6) 12 (1.2) 35 (3.8) 54 (4.3) 23 (2.3) 29 (3.7) 34 (3.8) 43 (5.7) 53 (7.9) 29 (5.6) 47 (10.0) 22 (3.5) 23 (4.4) 33 (6.3) 32 (7.7) 26 (5.9) 14 (4.1) 17 (5.0)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 3 (1.7) 5 (2.4) 9 (4.3) 9(3.3) 8 (2.4) 7 (3.1) 6 (2.9) 6 (2.8) 3 (1.9) 14 (6.3) 10 (3.3) 11 (4.1) 6 (2.1) 16(4.0) 33 (5.7) 47 (6.7) 55 (7.5) 64 (7.5) 125(12.3) 108 (11.8) 175 (13.8) 153 (15.6) 125 (16.0) 149 (16.6) 89 (11.8) 86 (12.9) 68 (13.2) 72 (15.3) 103 (16.4) 97 (18.4) 91 (17.3) 79 (19.0) 96 (21.6) 66 (19.2) 79 (23.3)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 3 0 7 10 9 4 4 4 3 0 3 1 2 2 1 0 0 2
(0.0) (0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.0) (0.4) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.3) (0.1) (0.4) (0.0) (0.8) (0.8) (0.9) (0.5) (0.4) (0.5) (0.4) (0.0) (0.6) (0.2) (0.4) (0.4) (0.2) (0.0) (0.0) (0.6)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3)
Two or More Racesa n (%)
Table 8. Percentage of Postbaccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (PharmD2) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
0 1 0 0 4 6 0 4 0 0 4 2 1 6 1 2 6 12 6 53 31 20 31 60 30 84 54 32 36 35 65 24 42 21 33
(0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.0) (1.2) (2.7) (0.0) (1.9) (0.0) (0.0) (1.3) (0.7) (0.3) (1.5) (0.2) (0.3) (0.8) (1.4) (0.6) (5.8) (2.4) (2.0) (4.0) (6.7) (4.0) (12.6) (10.5) (6.8) (5.7) (6.6) (12.3) (5.8) (9.5) (6.1) (9.7)
Unknowna n (%) 10 17 16 15 36 21 29 20 26 25 21 26 30 38 41 32 36 42 44 24 35 22 15 24 38 36 38 32 60 71 90 66 52 68 34
(5.6) (8.1) (7.7) (5.5) (10.9) (9.4) (13.8) (9.4) (16.4) (11.3) (7.0) (9.6) (10.5) (9.6) (7.1) (4.5) (4.9) (4.9) (4.3) (2.6) (2.8) (2.2) (1.9) (2.7) (5.0) (5.4) (7.4) (6.8) (9.6) (13.4) (17.1) (15.9) (11.7) (19.8) (10.0)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 9. Summary of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Degrees Conferred 2013-14 by Gender and Discipline
Discipline
M
F
Medicinal chemistry Pharmacology Social and administrative sciences Pharmacy practice Pharmaceutics Othera Total
35 71 63 19 119 33 340
29 66 95 37 146 62 435
MS Degree Percent of MS Total Degrees Conferred 64 137 158 56 265 95 775
8.3 17.7 20.4 7.2 34.2 12.3
M
F
84 50 27 10 93 34 298
54 51 32 13 95 22 267
PhD Degree Percent of PhD Total Degree Conferred 138 101 59 23 188 56 565
24.4 17.9 10.4 4.1 33.3 9.9
a
Includes Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Regulatory Affairs & Quality Assurance, and Regulatory Affairs in MS programs and Bioengineering/Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, and Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences in PhD programs
Asian Americans received 23.3 percent of the Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred and students of two or more races received 0.3 of Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred in 2013-14. The percentage of Pharm.D.2 degree recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 10.0 percent, down from 19.8 percent in 2012-13 [Table 8].
than men. The percentage of women receiving Ph.D. degrees decreased from 50.3 percent in 2012-13 to 47.3 percent in 2013-14. The number of Ph.D. degrees received by women has grown substantially from 18.0 percent in 1979-80 [Table 6]. This increase can be partially attributed to an increase in the number of foreign females receiving Ph.D. degrees [Table 10]. Underrepresented minorities received 7.2 percent of the M.S. degrees conferred in 2013-14 (black, 4.9 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 1.9 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.4 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.0 percent), a slight increase from 6.7 percent in 2012-13. Asian Americans received 9.7 percent of the M.S. degrees conferred, down from 11.0 percent in 2012-13. The percentage of M.S. degree recipients who were of two or more races was 0.6 percent and the percent of degree recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 49.8 percent, up from 48.7 percent in 2012-13 [Table 11]. Underrepresented minorities earned 6.8 percent of the Ph.D. degrees awarded in 2013-14 (black, 4.4 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 1.8 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.4 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.2 percent), a decrease from 7.3 percent in 2012-13. Asian Americans earned 10.4 percent of the Ph.D. degrees awarded. The percentage of Ph.D. degree recipients who were of two or more races was 0.5 percent and the percentage of degree recipients that were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 48.5 percent, down from 49.6 percent in 2012-13 [Table 12].
Graduate Degrees Conferred The number of graduate degrees (M.S. and Ph.D.) conferred has shown annual fluctuations over the 49 years data have been consistently gathered and reported [Table 3]. The number of M.S. degrees conferred increased to 775 in 2013-14 from 655 in 2012-13, an 18.3 percent increase. The number of Ph.D. degrees conferred decreased in 2013-14 to 565 from 589 in 2012-13 (4.1 percent decrease) [Table 5]. The highest percentage of M.S. degrees awarded in 2013-14 (34.2 percent) was in pharmaceutics. The second highest percentage of M.S. degrees was in social and administrative sciences (20.4 percent); followed by pharmacology (17.7 percent); other disciplines (12.3 percent); medicinal chemistry (8.3 percent); and pharmacy practice (7.2 percent). The highest number of Ph.D. degrees awarded in 2013-14 was also in the discipline of pharmaceutics (33.3 percent). The second highest number was in medicinal chemistry (24.4 percent); followed by pharmacology (17.9 percent); social and administrative sciences (10.4 percent); other disciplines (9.9 percent); and pharmacy practice (4.1 percent) [Table 9]. More women than men earned M.S. degrees (women, 56.1 percent; men, 43.9 percent); however, more men than women earned Ph.D. degrees (women, 47.3 percent; men, 52.7 percent) in 2013-14. There have only been two years (2012-13 and 2008-09) since AACP began collecting data that women received more Ph.D. degrees
FALL 2014 ENROLLMENTS The 2014 Professional Degree Enrollment and Graduate Degree Enrollment Surveys were conducted online in October 2014, with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 9
10
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 4 7 8 8 5 6 10 9 10 14 13 11 15 8 13 11 19 17 16 11 18 13 34 25 22 25
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 5 4 0 4 2 7 2 5 5 4 4 3 2 7 7 9 4
0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 0 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 5 7 6 2 11 11 6
1 1 1 1 7 2 1 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 4 5 5 3 6 6 0 6 5 9 5 8 8 8 9 10 8 9 18 20 10
10 6 2 6 11 6 4 7 4 6 17 12 12 10 16 20 11 12 14 22 23 27 14 19 15 10 19 19 27 31 25 28 34 31 26
2 2 1 3 2 4 2 6 2 4 7 14 9 10 9 13 12 13 18 17 15 27 13 13 16 25 15 16 19 23 23 22 27 37 33
12 8 3 9 13 10 6 13 6 10 24 26 21 20 25 33 23 25 32 39 38 54 27 32 31 35 34 35 46 54 48 50 61 68 59
Hispanic or Latinoa Asiana M F T M F T NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 1 0 0
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 0 0 2
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 1 0 2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera M F T
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 4 10 7 6 10 6 8 5 9 12 11 7 11 10 23 14 14 14
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 5 5 1 2 5 3 6 4 6 5 5 2 5 6 10 5 5 4 7 3 11 11 8 11
112 133 126 132 135 140 160 162 145 154 151 168 138 160 151 148 135 145 166 131 123 129 151 139 114 109 127 128 164 151 162 141 148 157 176
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
16 21 21 28 30 34 48 43 48 54 51 64 60 50 56 53 52 58 65 49 62 46 59 62 47 43 45 50 60 71 81 67 66 74 73
Whitea Year M F T
96 112 105 104 105 106 112 119 97 100 100 104 78 110 95 95 83 87 101 82 61 83 92 77 67 66 82 78 104 80 81 74 82 83 103
Black or African Americana M F T 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 1
American Indian or Alaska Nativea M F T NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 2 4 2
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 0 5 1
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 2 9 3
Two or More Racesa M F T
Table 10. Number of Doctor of Philosophy Degrees (PhD) Conferred 1980-2014 by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
2 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 1 3 3 6 2 5 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 3 1 2 1 7 0 1 3 12 3 6 14 3 1 3 4 4 1 3 1 3 3 2 0 1 4 7 8 7 7 11 7 5 11 21 9 10 10 8 7
3 0 1 4 6 0 0 8 2 6 8 5 4 0 2 4 3 7 4 15 20 4 7 5 4 6 2 5 15 14 18 16 30 20 15
Unknowna M F T 43 32 36 40 45 59 73 64 82 63 53 72 94 99 82 93 86 105 111 95 79 89 101 98 83 120 139 113 116 100 121 120 116 147 144
15 5 14 22 19 18 18 30 23 46 29 31 48 60 51 55 43 63 76 60 52 78 75 88 87 130 115 107 105 111 79 92 94 145 130
58 37 50 62 64 77 91 94 105 109 82 103 142 159 133 148 129 168 187 155 131 167 176 186 170 250 254 220 221 211 200 212 210 292 274
International/ Foreignb M F T 155 152 146 154 174 175 192 203 188 175 181 201 195 223 198 218 186 218 238 221 174 211 216 210 176 215 252 220 262 228 243 250 275 293 298
M 34 28 36 54 53 57 68 80 75 112 92 112 122 125 122 132 118 140 173 138 149 164 160 174 159 214 190 192 206 230 207 221 222 296 267
189 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376 384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565
Total F T
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
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299 305 282 282 254 215 282 231 227 234 209 218 140 149 169 206 236 194 213 173 172 214 181 206 280 270 274 278 318 186 222 235 217 183 204
(64.3) (70.3) (61.6) (66.2) (64.5) (63.6) (68.0) (66.4) (64.3) (59.8) (54.3) (59.9) (49.6) (49.5) (47.6) (52.6) (55.9) (48.5) (50.6) (45.1) (48.6) (46.4) (40.9) (43.6) (43.0) (43.1) (42.5) (46.0) (43.4) (24.3) (28.7) (28.6) (31.9) (27.9) (26.3)
10 17 5 2 8 10 6 6 12 8 12 13 14 9 8 16 12 18 14 20 13 26 17 35 51 42 52 49 35 30 22 38 24 24 38
(2.2) (3.9) (1.1) (0.5) (2.0) (3.0) (1.4) (1.7) (3.4) (2.0) (3.1) (3.6) (5.0) (3.0) (2.3) (4.1) (2.8) (4.5) (3.3) (5.2) (3.7) (5.6) (3.8) (7.4) (7.8) (6.7) (8.1) (8.1) (4.8) (3.9) (2.8) (4.6) (3.5) (3.7) (4.9)
Black or African Americana n (%) 3 2 6 4 4 3 8 4 4 7 11 7 9 20 13 16 16 17 19 8 13 18 16 11 26 19 28 12 33 11 22 16 15 15 15
(0.6) (0.5) (1.3) (0.9) (1.0) (0.9) (1.9) (1.1) (1.1) (1.8) (2.9) (1.9) (3.2) (6.6) (3.7) (4.1) (3.8) (4.3) (4.5) (2.1) (3.7) (3.9) (3.6) (2.3) (4.0) (3.0) (4.3) (2.0) (4.5) (1.4) (2.8) (1.9) (2.2) (2.3) (1.9)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 27 (5.8) 14 (3.2) 6 (1.3) 10 (2.3) 16 (4.1) 11 (3.3) 7 (1.7) 11 (3.2) 9 (2.5) 16 (4.1) 28 (7.3) 27 (7.4) 14 (5.0) 13 (4.3) 19 (5.4) 32 (8.2) 23 (5.5) 36 (9.0) 38 (9.0) 31 (8.1) 36 (10.2) 46 (10.0) 43 (9.7) 68 (14.4) 89(13.7) 80 (12.8) 49 (7.6) 84 (13.9) 75 (10.2) 85 (11.1) 78 (10.1) 78 (9.5) 81 (11.9) 72 (11.0) 75 (9.7)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S citizen or permanent resident Citizen of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 4 (0.6) 3 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%)
Table 11. Percentage of Master of Science (MS) Degree Recipients 1990-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 7 (1.1) 5 (0.6)
Two or More Racesa n (%) 41 (8.8) 1 (0.2) 27 (5.9) 40 (9.4) 21 (5.3) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 14 (4.0) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.5) 8 (2.1) 2 (0.5) 5 (1.8) 5 (1.7) 5 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 8 (1.9) 5 (1.3) 13 (3.1) 19 (4.9) 2 (0.6) 12 (2.6) 15 (3.4) 16 (3.4) 39 (6.0) 69 (11.0) 57 (8.9) 51 (8.4) 64 (8.7) 75 (9.8) 73 (9.4) 66 (8.0) 27 (4.0) 31 (4.7) 49 (6.3)
Unknowna n (%) 85 95 131 88 91 98 111 82 97 124 116 97 100 105 141 121 127 130 123 133 117 144 171 136 165 144 182 128 206 380 355 384 309 319 386
(18.3) (21.9) (28.6) (20.7) (23.1) (29.0) (26.7) (23.6) (27.5) (31.7) (30.1) (26.6) (35.5) (34.9) (39.7) (30.9) (30.1) (32.5) (29.2) (34.6) (33.1) (31.2) (38.6) (28.8) (25.3) (23.0) (28.3) (21.2) (28.1) (49.5) (45.9) (46.7) (45.4) (48.7) (49.8)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
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112 133 126 132 135 140 160 162 145 154 151 168 138 160 150 148 135 145 166 131 123 129 151 139 114 109 127 128 164 151 162 141 148 157 176
(59.3) (73.9) (69.2) (63.5) (59.5) (60.3) (61.5) (57.2) (55.1) (53.7) (55.3) (53.7) (43.5) (46.0) (46.9) (42.3) (44.4) (40.5) (40.4) (36.5) (38.1) (34.4) (40.2) (36.2) (34.0) (25.4) (28.7) (31.1) (35.0) (33.0) (36.0) (29.9) (29.8) (26.7) (31.2)
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 4 7 8 8 5 6 10 9 10 14 13 11 15 8 13 11 19 17 16 11 18 13 34 25 22 25
(1.6) (0.6) (0.5) (0.0) (0.9) (0.9) (0.8) (0.7) (0.8) (1.4) (2.6) (2.6) (2.5) (1.4) (1.9) (2.9) (3.0) (2.8) (3.4) (3.6) (3.4) (4.0) (2.1) (3.4) (3.3) (4.4) (3.8) (3.9) (2.4) (3.9) (2.9) (7.2) (5.0) (3.7) (4.4)
Black or African Americana n (%) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 7 (3.1) 2 (0.9) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.4) 3 (1.1) 4 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.0) 4 (1.3) 3 (0.9) 4 (1.3) 5 (1.4) 5 (1.6) 3 (0.8) 6 (1.5) 6 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.6) 5 (1.3) 9 (2.3) 5 (1.5) 8 (1.9) 8 (1.8) 8 (1.9) 9 (1.9) 10 (2.2) 8 (1.8) 9 (1.9) 18 (3.6) 20 (3.4) 10 (1.8)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 12 (6.3) 8 (4.4) 3 (1.6) 9 (4.3) 13 (5.7) 10 (4.3) 6 (2.3) 13 (4.6) 6 (2.3) 10 (3.5) 24 (8.8) 26 (8.3) 21 (6.6) 20 (5.7) 25 (7.8) 33 (9.4) 23 (7.6) 25 (7.0) 32 (7.8) 39 (10.9) 38 (11.8) 54 (14.4) 27 (7.2) 32 (8.3) 31 (9.3) 35 (8.2) 34 (7.7) 35 (8.5) 46 (9.8) 54 (11.8) 48 (10.7) 50 (10.6) 61 (12.3) 68 (11.5) 59 (10.4)
Asiana n (%)
b
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Nonpermanent resident/citizen of a country other than the United States
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%)
Table 12. Percentage of Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 (1.1) 2 (0.4) 9 (1.5) 3 (0.5)
Two or More Racesa n (%) 3 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.5) 4 (1.9) 6 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (2.8) 2 (0.8) 6 (2.1) 8 (2.9) 5 (1.6) 4 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 4 (1.1) 3 (1.0) 7 (2.0) 4 (1.0) 15 (4.2) 20 (6.2) 4 (1.1) 7 (1.9) 5 (1.3) 4 (1.2) 6 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 5 (1.2) 15 (3.2) 14 (3.1) 18 (4.0) 16 (3.4) 30 (6.0) 20 (3.4) 15 (2.7)
Unknowna n (%) 58 37 50 62 64 77 91 94 105 109 82 103 142 159 133 148 129 168 187 155 131 167 176 186 170 250 254 220 221 211 200 212 210 292 274
(30.7) (20.6) (27.5) (29.8) (28.2) (33.2) (35.0) (33.2) (39.9) (38.0) (30.0) (32.9) (44.8) (45.7) (41.6) (42.3) (42.4) (46.9) (45.5) (43.2) (40.6) (44.5) (46.8) (48.4) (50.7) (58.3) (57.5) (53.4) (47.2) (46.1) (44.4) (45.0) (42.3) (49.6) (48.5)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 13. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs 1980-2014 Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
First Professional Year Classes,a No. (% Change) 7,377 6,927 6,609 6,635 6,986 7,091 7,554 7,751 7,990 8,033 8,267 8,343 8,664 8,970 9,157 8,740 9,561 8,571 8,346 8,123 8,382 8,922 9,128 9,909 10,437 10,506 10,992 11,533 12,379 12,705 13,077 13,464 14,011 14,008 14,276
All Professional Years,b No. (% Change)_ 22,093 20,468 19,350 18,831 18,646 19,098 20,073 21,424 22,447 23,013 23,238 23,482 26,287 27,143 27,667 28,060 28,027 28,345 28,568 29,586 30,301 31,769 33,437 36,454 38,544 41,165 43,106 45,594 47,986 49,964 51,920 54,054 56,489 58,121 59,370
(-6.1) (-4.6) (0.4) (5.3) (1.5) (6.5) (2.6) (3.1) (0.5) (2.9) (0.9) (3.8) (3.5) (2.1) (-4.6) (9.4) (-10.4) (-2.6) (-2.7) (3.2) (6.4) (2.3) (8.6) (5.3) (0.7) (4.6) (4.9) (7.1) (2.6) (2.9) (3.0) (4.1) (0.0) (1.9)
(-7.4) (-5.5) (-2.7) (-1.0) (2.4) (5.1) (6.7) (4.8) (2.5) (1.0) (1.1) (NA) (3.3) (1.9) (1.4) (-0.1) (1.1) (0.8) (3.6) (2.4) (4.8) (5.3) (9.0) (5.7) (6.8) (4.7) (5.8) (5.2) (4.1) (3.9) (4.1) (4.5) (2.9) (2.1)
Total Enrollment, No. (% Change) 26,617 24,658 23,410 23,091 23,312 24,820 25,643 27,292 28,891 29,560 29,797 30,314 31,519 32,938 33,353 33,415 33,059 32,529 33,090 32,537 34,481 35,885 38,902 41,762 43,908 46,527 48,592 50,691 52,685 54,710 56,841 58,915 61,275 62,743 63,927
(-7.4) (-5.1) (-1.4) (1.0) (6.5) (3.3) (6.4) (5.9) (2.3) (0.8) (1.7) (4.0) (4.5) (1.3) (0.2) (-1.1) (-1.6) (1.7) (-1.7) (6.0) (4.1) (8.4) (10.7) (—c) (6.0) (4.4) (4.3) (3.9) (3.8) (3.9) (3.6) (4.0) (2.4) (1.9)
a
Includes second from last year for baccalaureate and third from last year for Pharm.1 and does not include first year enrollees in accelerated programs from 1980-2005. Includes third from last year PharmD1 beginning in 2006 b Includes the final three years only of all first professional degree programs for 1980-1991; includes all professional years for 1992-present (3 years for baccalaureate and 4 years for PharmD) c Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data are reported by select institutions
133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. Submission of the data was requested by December 2014. After follow-up correspondence, 127 colleges and schools (97.7 percent) submitted the requested information.
(n562,743) [Table 13]. In fall 2014, 61.4 percent of the students enrolled in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were females and 38.6 percent were males [Table 14]. White Americans comprised the majority (52.2 percent) of students enrolled in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs. Asian Americans accounted for 25.0 percent; black Americans, 7.3 percent; Hispanic/ Latino Americans, 4.5 percent; Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, 0.2 percent; American Indians/Alaska
Professional Degree Programs Fall 2014 enrollments in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs (n563,927) represented a 1.9 percent increase from enrollments in fall 2013 13
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 14. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs by Gender 1980-2014
Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004a 2005 2006b 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
No. (%) 13,992 12,413 11,271 10,984 10,345 10,685 10,628 10,907 11,382 11,350 11,198 11,219 11,543 12,117 12,243 12,221 11,966 11,652 11,777 11,411 11,763 12,253 12,815 13,874 14,696 16,069 17,397 18,735 19,896 21,158 22,194 23,100 23,900 24,326 24,655
(52.6) (50.3) (48.1) (47.6) (44.4) (43.0) (41.4) (40.0) (39.4) (38.4) (37.6) (37.0) (36.6) (36.8) (36.7) (36.6) (36.2) (35.8) (35.6) (35.1) (34.1) (34.1) (33.0) (33.2) (33.5) (34.5) (35.8) (37.0) (37.8) (38.7) (39.0) (39.2) (39.0) (38.8) (38.6)
Male % Change from Previous Year -11.3 -9.2 -2.5 -5.8 3.3 -0.5 2.6 4.4 -0.3 -1.3 0.2 2.9 5.0 1.0 -0.2 -2.1 -2.6 1.1 -3.1 3.1 4.2 4.6 11.3 —— 9.3 8.3 7.7 6.2 6.3 4.9 4.1 3.5 1.8 1.4
Female % Change from Previous Year
No. (%) 12,625 12,245 12,139 12,107 12,967 14,135 15,015 16,385 17,509 18,210 18,599 19,095 19,976 20,821 21,110 21,194 21,093 20,877 21,313 21,126 22,718 23,632 26,087 27,888 29,212 30,458 31,195 31,956 32,744 33,552 34,647 35,815 37,375 38,417 39,272
(47.4) (49.7) (51.9) (52.4) (55.6) (57.0) (58.6) (60.0) (60.6) (61.6) (62.4) (63.0) (63.4) (63.2) (63.3) (63.4) (63.8) (64.2) (64.4) (64.9) (65.9) (65.9) (67.0) (66.8) (66.5) (65.5) (64.2) (63.0) (62.2) (61.3) (61.0) (60.8) (61.0) (61.2) (61.4)
-3.0 -0.9 -0.3 7.1 9.0 6.2 9.1 6.9 4.0 2.1 2.7 4.6 4.2 1.4 0.4 -0.5 -1.0 2.1 -0.9 7.5 4.0 9.1 10.3 —— 4.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 4.4 2.8 2.2
Total Enrollment % Change from No. Previous Year 26,617 24,658 23,410 23,091 23,312 24,820 25,643 27,292 28,891 29,560 29,797 30,314 31,519 32,938 33,353 33,415 33,059 32,529 33,090 32,537 34,481 35,885 38902 41,762 43,908 46,527 48,592 50,691 52,685 54,710 56,841 58,915 61,275 62,743 63,927
-7.4 -5.1 -1.4 1.0 6.5 3.3 6.4 5.9 2.3 0.8 1.7 4.0 4.5 1.3 0.2 -1.1 -1.6 1.7 -1.7 6.0 4.1 8.4 10.7 —— 6.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.0 2.4 1.9
a
Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data is reported by select institutions Includes only Pharm.D.1 degrees beginning in 2006
b
Natives, 0.3 percent; and international/foreign students, 3.0 percent. Students that identified as two or more races accounted for 2.1 percent of all first professional degree enrollments. Over five percent (5.3 percent) of enrollees were listed as race/ethnicity unknown. Enrollments of underrepresented minorities (black, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, American Indian/ Alaska Native) as a percentage of total enrollments in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs increased to 12.4 percent in fall 2014 from 11.9 percent in fall 2013 [Table 15].
Eleven colleges and schools reported 935 students who already held a baccalaureate in pharmacy enrolled in doctor of pharmacy degree programs (Pharm.D.2). This was a decrease of 16.4 percent from fall 2013. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 19.3 percent of these students (black, 16.6 percent; Hispanic, 2.2 percent; Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islander, 0.0 percent; American Indians/Alaska Native, 0.4 percent). White Americans comprised 32.5 percent; Asian Americans, 21.3 percent; students of two or more races, 0.0 percent; unknown, 14.8 percent; and foreign students, 12.1 percent. 14
Black or African Americana
945 932 935 1,019 1,098 1,664 1,647 1,729 1,891 1,983 2,103 2,395 2,340 2,380 2,582 2,548 2,529 2,632 2,757 2,697 3,132 3,407 3,826 4,183 3,784 3,703 3,275 3,229 3,395 3,581 3,711 3,964
Year
1980b 1981b 1982b 1983b 1984b 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004c 2005 2006d 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011c
-1.4 0.3 9.0 7.8 NA -1.0 5.0 9.4 4.9 6.1 13.9 -2.3 1.7 8.5 -1.3 -0.7 4.1 4.7 -2.2 16.1 8.8 12.3 9.3 —— -2.1 -11.6 -1.4 5.1 5.5 3.6 ——
% Change From Previous Year 934 787 784 787 763 927 1,018 1,055 1,089 1,096 1,118 1,055 1,088 1,143 1,171 1,150 1,140 1,130 1,157 1,086 1,255 1,322 1,466 1,605 1,691 1,778 1,888 2,044 2,186 2,278 2,369 2,317
Hispanic or Latinoa -15.7 -0.4 0.4 -3.0 NA 9.8 3.6 3.2 0.6 2.0 -5.6 3.1 5.1 2.4 -1.8 -0.9 -0.9 2.4 -6.1 15.6 5.3 10.9 9.5 —— 5.1 6.2 8.3 6.9 4.2 4.0 ——
% Change From Previous Year 1,035 1,040 1,072 922 1,086 1,410 1,740 2,000 2,362 2,706 3,346 3,540 4,135 4,731 5,408 5,695 6,152 6,451 6,741 6,414 7,392 7,405 8,263 8,991 9,103 9,690 10,312 10,974 11,638 12,497 13,666 14,124
Asiana 0.5 3.1 -14.0 17.8 NA 23.4 14.9 18.1 14.6 23.7 5.8 16.8 14.4 14.3 5.3 8.0 4.9 4.5 -4.9 15.2 0.2 11.6 8.8 —— 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.1 7.4 9.4 ——
% Change From Previous Year NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 264
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ——
% Change From Previous Year
Table 15. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs by Race/Ethnicity 1980-2014
36 38 36 42 37 42 39 45 78 81 85 98 96 128 128 151 147 150 160 156 137 179 168 191 210 234 220 248 263 264 259 205
American Indian or Alaska Nativea 5.6 -5.6 16.7 -11.9 NA -7.1 15.4 73.3 3.8 4.9 15.3 -2.0 33.3 0.0 18.0 -2.6 2.0 6.7 -2.5 -12.2 30.7 -6.1 13.7 —— 11.4 -6.0 12.7 6.0 0.4 -1.9 —
% Change From Previous Year NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 629
Two or More Racesa
15
(Continued)
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA —
% Change From Previous Year
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
238 222 205
16.1 -6.7 -7.7
968 1,172 1,370
53.9 21.1 16.9
Graduate Degree Programs In fall 2014, the discipline of pharmaceutics had the highest percentage of full-time enrollees at both the M.S. and Ph.D. levels (36.2 percent and 35.4 percent, respectively). At the master’s level, 21.3 percent of the students were in enrolled in social and administrative sciences programs; 19.3 percent in pharmacology programs; 9.1 percent in pharmacy practice programs; 8.5 percent in medicinal chemistry programs; and 5.6 percent in other disciplines. At the doctoral level, 24.5 percent of the students were enrolled in medicinal chemistry programs; 17.9 percent in pharmacology programs; 11.0 percent in social and administrative science programs; 7.6 percent in other disciplines; and 3.6 percent in pharmacy practice [Table 16]. In fall 2014, more females than males were enrolled full-time in M.S. degree programs (females, 56.3 percent; males, 43.8 percent). Women accounted for 47.0 percent of the students enrolled full-time in Ph.D. programs in 2014, an increase from 46.7 percent in 2013. Of the 992 students enrolled full-time in M.S. degree programs in fall 2014, the majority (59.4 percent) were foreign students. White Americans comprised 23.1 percent of enrollees and Asian Americans accounted for 9.1 percent. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 5.6 percent of M.S. enrollees (black, 2.7 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 2.2 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.1 percent). Americans of two or more races made up 1.1 percent of enrollees and 1.7 percent of all full-time M.S. degree enrollees were reported as race/ethnicity unknown. Of the 3,086 students enrolled full-time in Ph.D. degree programs in fall 2014, foreign students were also the largest group, accounting for 51.7 percent of the enrollees. White Americans were the next largest group at 30.6 percent of full time enrollments followed by Asian Americans at 8.3 percent. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 6.7 percent of Ph.D. enrollees (black, 3.8 percent; Hispanic Americans, 2.3 percent; Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Americans, 0.3 percent; American Indian/Alaska Natives, 0.3 percent). Americans of two or more races accounted for 0.6 percent. 2.2 percent of all full-time Ph.D. degree enrollees were reported as unknown. Over 40 percent (42.2) of full-time and part-time students in Ph.D. programs held a professional pharmacy degree, 11.1 percent of Ph.D. students held a professional pharmacy degree from a U.S. college or school of pharmacy and 31.2 percent held a pharmacy degree conferred by a non-U.S. institution [Table 17].
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy wishes to express its appreciation to the deans of its member
b
a
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Totals for 1980 - 1984 are for enrollments in final three years of program only c Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data are reported d Includes B.S. Pharmacy, B.Pharm., and Pharm.D.1 from 1980-2005. Includes only Pharm.D.1 beginning in 2006 NA Not available
125.0 -65.8 -25.1 594 203 152 2.2 6.9 3.3 14,441 15,438 15,955 9.5 5.7 8.4 2,537 2,681 2,907 6.6 3.5 7.2 4,226 4,376 4,690 2012 2013 2014
Black or African Americana Year
% Change From Previous Year
Table 15. (Continued )
Hispanic or Latinoa
% Change From Previous Year
Asiana
% Change From Previous Year
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera
% Change From Previous Year
American Indian or Alaska Nativea
% Change From Previous Year
Two or More Racesa
% Change From Previous Year
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
16
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 16. Summary of Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Fall 2014 Full-Time Enrollments by Gender and Discipline
Discipline
M
MS Degree Percent of MS T Program Enrollments
F
Medicinal Chemistry 50 34 Pharmacology 75 117 Social and Administrative Sciences 97 114 Pharmacy Practice 37 53 Pharmaceutics 145 214 Othera 30 26 Total 434 558
84 192 211 90 359 56 992
8.5 19.3 21.3 9.1 36.2 5.6
M
F
PhD Degree Percent of PhD T Program Enrollments
445 311 756 269 284 553 149 189 338 52 59 111 582 510 1,092 138 98 236 1,635 1,451 3,086
24.5 17.9 11.0 3.6 35.4 7.6
a:Includes Biophysics, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Undecided, Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition and Pharmaceutical/Chemical Product Development for MS programs and Bioengineering/Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, Translational Science, No concentration, and Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences for Ph.D. programs
institutions and members of their faculty and staff who devoted their valuable time to complete the surveys that led to this report.
This report is an excerpt from the Profile of Pharmacy Students—Fall 2014, published by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (2015).
Table 17. Fall 2014 Enrollments in PhD Programs by Type of Enrollment (Full-Time, Part-Time), Discipline, and Source of Previous Degree Earneda U.S. School Pharm Non pharm Full-Time Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology Social and Admin. Sciences Pharmacy Practice Pharmaceutics Other Total full-time Part-Time Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology Social and Admin. Sciences Pharmacy Practice Pharmaceutics Other Total part-time
Canadian School Pharm Non pharm
Foreign School Pharm Non pharm
All Schools Pharm Non pharm
59 33 56 35 80 13 276
326 215 77 29 279 37 963
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 0 3 0 5
126 178 114 26 382 9 835
150 103 61 10 179 23 526
185 211 171 61 462 22 1,112
478 318 138 39 461 60 1,494
3 13 6 0 5 1 28
8 21 33 0 5 0 67
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
3 6 5 0 7 0 21
6 10 6 0 3 1 26
6 19 11 0 12 1 49
14 31 40 0 8 1 94
a
Includes only those students for whom source of degree was reported
17
AACP REPORTS The Pharmacy Student Population: Applications Received 2013-14, Degrees Conferred 2013-14, Fall 2014 Enrollments Jamie N. Taylor, BA, Danielle A. Taylor, MPP, Nancy T. Nguyen, BA American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Alexandria VA
residents having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Prior to 2011, these students were included in the Asian category. American Indian or Alaska Native refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community attachment. Two or More Races refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are not Hispanic/Latino and identify themselves by more than one race. Unknown refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents whose race and ethnicity are not known. Prior to 2011, this category was labeled Other/Unknown and students that were of two or more races were included in this category. Finally, International/ Foreign refers to citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S.
INTRODUCTION This report presents data that describe the 2013-14 pharmacy application pool, degrees conferred in 2013-14, and fall 2014 pharmacy program enrollments. Data for this report were requested from the 133 U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy recognized by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) using five separate survey instruments. There were previously two professional education programs at U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy: one leading to a baccalaureate in pharmacy, and the other leading to the doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree. However, June 30, 2005 marked the official expiration of the ACPE standards to the baccalaureate in pharmacy (B.S. Pharmacy) degree programs in accordance with the transition to the doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree as the sole professional degree program in the U.S. Some colleges and schools of pharmacy conferred degrees in the B.S. Pharmacy program until 2004-05. For the purpose of this report, students in doctor of pharmacy programs are categorized under Pharm.D.1 when the program leads to a doctor of pharmacy degree conferred as the first professional degree. Students who have already received a baccalaureate in pharmacy and are enrolled in a doctor of pharmacy degree program are categorized under Pharm.D.2. The following definitions refer to the race/ethnicity groups as used in this report. White refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Black or African American refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Hispanic or Latino refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Asian refers to U.S. citizens or permanent residents having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander refers to U.S. citizens or permanent
2013-14 APPLICATION POOL The 2013-14 Application Pool Survey was conducted online in October 2014 with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. After follow-up correspondence, 131 colleges and schools (98.5 percent) submitted the requested information. Included in the application pool are students who applied for admission and submitted all required application materials between September 2013 and August 2014 for the entering class of fall 2014. Numbers reported represent the number of applications, not applicants, and may represent multiple applications submitted by individual applicants. During the period September 2013 through August 2014, the reporting institutions received 85,754 applications for admission. When compared with entering class enrollment data for fall 2014 at these institutions, the resultant ratio was 5.5 applications received for every one entering student enrolled. In 2013-14, females submitted 59.3 percent of the applications to pharmacy colleges and schools; males submitted 39.2 percent; gender unknown/not reported submitted 1.5 percent. White Americans submitted 1
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 1. Distribution of 2013-14 Applications by Gender and Race/Ethnicity of Applicanta Race/Ethnicity b
White Black or African Americanb Hispanic or Latinob Asianb Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderb American Indian or Alaska Nativeb Two or more racesb Unknownb International/Foreignc Total
Male
Female
Gender Not Specified
12,505 4,087 2,100 11,145 68 56 796 1,718 1,332 33,807
18,525 5,275 2,989 17,992 84 117 1,349 2,519 2,281 51,131
51 32 12 71 1 0 1 620 28 816
Total (%) 31,081 9,394 5,101 29,208 153 173 2,146 4,857 3,641 85,754
(36.2) (11.0) (5.9) (34.1) (0.2) (0.2) (2.5) (5.7) (4.2)
a
Represents data, some incomplete, submitted by 131 schools U.S. citizen or permanent resident c Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. b
36.2 percent of the applications, Asian Americans submitted 34.1 percent of the applications, and underrepresented minorities submitted 17.3 percent of the applications (black, 11.0 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 5.9 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.2 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.2 percent). 2.5 percent of the applications to the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were from applicants of two or more races and 4.2 percent of the applications were submitted by foreign, nonpermanent residents [Table 1]. For the tenth consecutive year, colleges and schools of pharmacy received more applications from out-of-state residents (56.0 percent) compared to 44.0 percent from in-state residents. The higher percentage of out-of-state applicants can be attributed to the ease of applying to colleges and schools of pharmacy in different states through PharmCAS. Over 65 percent (65.2 percent) of the applications to the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were submitted by individuals who had previously obtained a baccalaureate degree or higher (baccalaureate, 61.2 percent; master’s, 3.0 percent; doctorate, 1.0 percent), [Table 2]. Over 75 percent (75.9 percent) of the
applications to colleges and schools of pharmacy were submitted by individuals who had 3 or more years of postsecondary experience.
2013-14 DEGREES CONFERRED The 2013-14 Professional Degrees Conferred and Graduate Degrees Conferred surveys were conducted online in October 2014, with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. Submission of the data was requested by December 2014. After follow-up correspondence, 132 colleges and schools (99.2 percent) submitted the requested information. Professional Degrees Conferred Numbers of degrees conferred by U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy from 1965 to 2014 are presented in Table 3. First Professional Degrees Conferred In 2013-14, 120 colleges and schools conferred the doctor of pharmacy as a first professional degree
Table 2. Distribution of 2013-14 Applications to First Professional Degree Programs by Gender and Previous Postsecondary Experience of Applicanta Postsecondary Experience
Male
Female
Gender Not Specified
0 Years of College 1-2 Years of College/No Degree Associate’s Degree 3 or More Years of College/No Degree Baccalaureate Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree
4,060 1,370 2,707 3,742 20,072 1,233 353
6,988 2,092 3,152 5,248 31,536 1,317 461
1 81 147 180 758 57 13
a
Represents data, some incomplete, submitted by 131 schools
2
Total (%) 11,049 3,544 6,006 9,170 52,366 2,607 827
(12.9) (4.1) (7.0) (10.7) (61.2) (3.0) (1.0)
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year
2,723 2,970 3,078 3,194 3,384 3,664 3,589 3,498 3,674 4,104 4,607 4,940 5,108 4,715 4,260 4,154 3,753 3,417 2,994 2,826 2,362 2,370 2,235 2,245 2,313 2,393 2,268 2,261 2,244 2,274 2,291 2,311 2,212 1,818 1,528 1,115 754 540
454 500 493 572 695 853 935 1,072 1,259 1,559 1,792 2,165 2,541 2,715 2,835 2,831 3,116 3,031 2,925 2,720 2,785 2,820 2,929 3,126 3,408 3,617 3,659 3,636 3,787 3,871 3,927 3,857 3,556 2,950 2,348 1,841 1,160 875
3,177 3,470 3,571 3,766 4,079 4,517 4,524 4,570 4,933 5,663 6,399 7,105 7,649 7,430 7,095 6,985 6,869 6,448 5,919 5,546 5,147 5,190 5,164 5,371 5,721 6,010 5,927 5,897 6,031 6,145 6,218 6,168 5,768 4,768 3,876 2,956 1,914 1,415
BS Pharmacya M F T 162 161 136 183 178 192 160 215 184 205 218 250 255 246 278 267 265 217 240 188 281 278 291 322 314 388 436 436 460 435 553 583 691 830 1,081 1,432 1,730 2,055
M 21 28 37 39 31 49 63 73 67 89 95 109 107 109 183 180 189 194 215 229 307 332 399 491 525 558 759 780 889 924 1,066 1,252 1,313 1,802 2,184 2,872 3,356 4,103
PharmD1b F 183 189 173 222 209 241 223 288 251 294 313 359 362 355 461 447 454 411 455 417 588 610 690 813 839 946 1,195 1,216 1,349 1,359 1,619 1,835 2,004 2,632 3,265 4,304 5,086 6,158
T 2,885 3,131 3,214 3,377 3,562 3,856 3,749 3,713 3,858 4,309 4,825 5,190 5,363 4,961 4,538 4,421 4,018 3,634 3,234 3,014 2,643 2,648 2,526 2,567 2,627 2,781 2,704 2,697 2,704 2,709 2,844 2,894 2,903 2,648 2,609 2,547 2,484 2,595
475 528 530 611 726 902 998 1,145 1,326 1,648 1,887 2,274 2,648 2,824 3,018 3,011 3,305 3,225 3,140 2,949 3,092 3,152 3,328 3,617 3,933 4,175 4,418 4,416 4,676 4,795 4,993 5,109 4,869 4,752 4,532 4,713 4,516 4,978
3,360 3,659 3,744 3,988 4,288 4,758 4,747 4,858 5,184 5,957 6,712 7,464 8,011 7,785 7,556 7,432 7,323 6,859 6,374 5,963 5,735 5,800 5,854 6,184 6,560 6,956 7,122 7,113 7,380 7,504 7,837 8,003 7,772 7,400 7,141 7,260 7,000 7,573
First Professionalc M F T
Table 3. Number of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1965-2014 by Degree and Gender
99 117 110 88 147 132 139 120 109 119 136 169 121 97 86 74 99 118 106 124 141 208 270 264 321 351 315 469 367 276
18 23 26 38 42 65 51 60 101 88 135 162 103 113 126 85 123 184 165 162 255 367 434 468 538 663 598 800 612 504
117 140 136 126 189 197 190 180 210 207 271 331 224 210 212 159 222 302 271 286 396 575 704 732 859 1,014 913 1,269 979 780
PharmD2d M F T 150 152 235 219 235 236 219 205 273 250 250 301 309 305 301 315 271 293 277 253 210 245 197 194 226 202 189 148 148 182 187 217 191 197 172 154 182 178
M 26 38 32 44 42 54 56 56 53 70 89 92 90 117 134 150 163 165 149 141 128 170 151 159 165 183 175 134 153 173 205 205 209 224 212 200 279 265
MS F 176 190 267 263 277 290 275 261 326 320 339 393 399 422 435 465 434 458 426 394 338 415 348 353 391 385 364 282 301 355 392 422 400 421 384 354 461 443
T 105 108 118 124 136 131 169 155 172 165 165 163 147 158 125 155 152 146 154 174 175 192 203 188 175 181 201 195 223 198 218 186 218 238 221 174 211 216
M
3
108 123 126 134 145 141 177 168 187 184 189 189 166 178 153 189 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376
T
(Continued)
3 15 8 10 9 10 8 13 15 19 24 26 19 20 28 34 28 36 54 53 57 68 80 75 112 92 112 122 125 122 132 118 140 173 138 149 164 160
PhD F
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565 174 159 214 190 192 206 230 207 221 222 296 267 Includes BPharm Degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 d PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree
a
6,869 6,448 5,919 5,546 5,147 5,190 5,164 5,371 5,721 6,010 5,927 5,897 6,031 6,145 6,218 6,168 5,768 4,768 3,876 2,956 1,914 1,415 839 388 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(93.8) (94.0) (92.9) (93.0) (89.7) (89.5) (88.2) (86.9) (87.3) (86.4) (83.2) (82.9) (81.7) (81.9) (79.3) (77.1) (74.2) (64.4) (54.3) (40.7) (27.3) (18.7) (11.2) (4.8) (0.3) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0)
PharmD1b n (%) 454 411 455 417 588 610 690 813 839 946 1,195 1,216 1,349 1,359 1,619 1,835 2,004 2,632 3,265 4,304 5,086 6,158 6,649 7,770 8,242 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838
(6.2) (6.0) (7.1) (7.0) (10.3) (10.5) (11.8) (13.1) (12.7) (13.6) (16.8) (17.1) (18.3) (18.1) (20.7) (22.9) (25.8) (35.6) (45.7) (59.3) (72.7) (81.3) (88.8) (95.2) (99.7) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0)
First Professionalc n 7,323 6,859 6,374 5,963 5,735 5,800 5,854 6,184 6,560 6,956 7,122 7,113 7,380 7,504 7,837 8,003 7,772 7,400 7,141 7,260 7,000 7,573 7,488 8,158 8,268 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838
Includes BPharm degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 b
b
a
M T
472 651 626 644 604 732 767 773 822 681 655 775 273 377 393 403 368 457 396 430 470 383 390 435 199 274 233 241 236 275 371 343 352 298 265 340 338 277 241 202 97 225 179 191 167 163 132 110
557 479 427 313 373 402 349 336 248 281 212 229
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
7,488 8,158 8,268 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838 4,852 5,437 5,634 6,165 6,641 6,925 7,076 7,200 7,378 7,782 8,144 8,355 2,636 2,721 2,634 2,875 3,171 3,575 3,912 4,287 4,553 4,937 5,063 5,483
M T
6,649 7,770 8,242 9,040 9,812 10,500 10,988 11,487 11,931 12,719 13,207 13,838 4,316 5,202 5,624 6,165 6,641 6,925 7,076 7,200 7,378 7,782 8,144 8,355 2,333 2,568 2,618 2,875 3,171 3,575 3,912 4,287 4,553 4,937 5,063 5,483 839 388 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 536 235 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303 153 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M
BS Pharmacya Year n (%)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Table 4. Baccalaureate and Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.1) Degrees as Percentages of Total First Professional Degrees Conferred 1981-2014
895 756 668 515 470 627 528 527 415 444 344 339
MS F PharmD2d M F T First Professionalc M F T PharmD1b F BS Pharmacya M F T
Table 3. (Continued )
(Pharm.D.1). Graduating Pharm.D.1 class sizes ranged from 29 students to 281 students (median, 100 students). Twelve of the 132 colleges and schools of pharmacy did not confer degrees in 2013-14. These schools were new programs whose students had not yet progressed through the entire curriculum (California Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, South Florida, Rosalind Franklin, Manchester, Western New England, Fairleigh Dickinson, D’Youville, Cedarville, South-TN, North Texas, and Marshall).
210 176 215 252 220 262 228 243 250 275 293 298
PhD F
T
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
4
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 5. Annual Percentage Change in Number of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1981-2014 Over Previous Year Year
First Professionala No. (% Change)
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
7,323 (-1.5) 6,859 (-6.3) 6,374 (-7.1) 5,963 (-6.4) 5,735 (-3.8) 5,800 (11.1) 5,854 (10.9) 6,184 (15.6) 6,560 (16.0) 6,956 (16.0) 7,122 (12.4) 7,113 (-0.1) 7,380 (13.8) 7,504 (11.7) 7,837 (14.4) 8,003 (12.1) 7,772 (-2.9) 7,400 (-4.8) 7,141 (-3.5) 7,260 (11.7) 7,000 (-3.6) 7,573 (+8.2) 7,488 (-1.1) 8,158 (18.9) 8,268 (11.3) 9,040 (19.3) 9,812 (18.5) 10,500 (17.0) 10,988 (14.6) 11,487 (14.5) 11,931 (13.9) 12,719 (16.6) 13,207 (13.8) 13,838 (14.8)
PharmD2b No. (% Change) 210 207 271 331 224 210 212 159 222 302 271 286 396 575 704 732 859 1,014 913 1,269 979 780 895 756 668 515 470 627 528 527 415 444 344 339
(116.7) (-1.4) (130.9) (122.2) (-32.3) (-6.3) (11.0) (-25.0) (139.6) (136.0) (-10.3) (15.5) (138.5) (145.2) (122.4) (14.0) (117.3) (118.0) (-10.0) (139.0) (-22.9) (-20.3) (114.7) (-15.5) (-11.6) (-22.9) (-8.7) (133.4) (-15.8) (-0.2) (-21.3) (17.0) (-22.5) (-1.5)
MS No. (% Change) 434 458 426 394 338 415 348 353 391 385 364 282 301 355 392 422 400 421 384 354 461 443 472 651 626 644 604 732 767 773 822 681 655 775
(-6.7) (15.5) (-7.0) (-7.5) (-14.2) (122.8) (-16.1) (11.4) (110.8) (-1.5) (-5.5) (-22.5) (16.7) (117.9) (110.4) (17.7) (-5.2) (15.3) (-8.8) (-7.8) (130.2) (-3.9) (16.5) (137.9) (-3.8) (12.9) (-6.2) (121.2) (14.8) (10.8) (16.3) (-17.2) (-3.8) (118.3)
PhD No. (% Change) 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376 384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565
(-4.8) (11.1) (114.3) (19.1) (12.2) (112.1) (18.8) (-7.1) (19.1) (-4.9) (114.7) (11.3) (19.8) (-8.0) (19.4) (-13.1) (117.8) (114.8) (-12.7) (-10.0) (116.1) (10) (12.1) (-12.8) (128.1) (13.0) (-6.8) (113.6) (-2.1) (-1.7) (14.7) (15.5) (118.5) (-4.1)
a
Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 from 1981-2005. Includes only PharmD1 beginning in 2006 PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree
b
In 2013-14 there were 13,838 first professional degrees conferred by colleges and schools of pharmacy compared to 13,207 in 2012-13. [Table 4]. The total number of first professional degrees conferred in 201314 represented a 4.8 percent increase from the total number of first professional degrees conferred in 2012-13 [Table 5]. In 1979-80, men received 59.5 percent of the first professional degrees conferred by colleges and schools of pharmacy and women received 40.5 percent. Over the past 30 years, these percentages have shifted dramatically and, in 2013-14, men received 39.6 percent of the first professional degrees conferred and 60.4 percent of
these degrees were received by women. Women received their highest percentage of degrees conferred in 2004-05 (68.1 percent) and 2005-06 (68.2 percent) [Table 6]. White Americans received 54.7 percent of first professional degrees conferred in 2013-14. Underrepresented minorities received 11.7 percent of the first professional degrees conferred in 2013-14 (black, 6.8 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 4.4 percent; Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander, 0.2 percent; American Indian/ Alaska Native, 0.3 percent). Asian Americans received 24.1 percent of the first professional degrees. The percentage of first professional degree recipients who were of two or more races was 1.3 percent and the percentage of 5
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 6. Percentage of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred 1980-2014 by Gender Year
BS Pharmacya M F
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
59.5 54.6 53.0 50.6 51.0 45.9 45.7 43.3 41.8 40.4 39.8 38.3 38.3 37.2 37.0 36.8 37.5 38.4 38.1 39.4 37.7 39.4 38.2 36.1 39.4 61.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
40.5 45.4 47.0 49.4 49.0 54.1 54.3 56.7 58.2 59.6 60.2 61.7 61.7 62.8 63.0 63.2 62.5 61.7 61.9 60.6 62.3 60.6 61.8 63.9 60.6 38.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
PharmD1b M F 59.7 58.4 52.8 52.7 45.1 47.8 45.6 42.2 39.6 37.4 41.0 36.5 35.9 34.1 32.0 34.2 31.8 34.5 31.5 33.1 33.3 34.0 33.4 35.1 33.1 31.8 31.8 32.3 34.0 35.6 37.3 38.2 38.8 38.3 39.6
40.3 41.6 47.2 47.3 54.9 52.2 54.4 57.8 60.4 62.6 59.0 63.5 64.1 65.9 68.0 65.8 68.2 65.5 68.5 66.9 66.7 66.0 66.6 64.9 66.9 68.2 68.2 67.7 66.0 64.4 62.7 61.8 61.2 61.7 60.4
First Professionalc M F 59.5 54.9 53.0 50.7 50.5 46.1 45.7 43.1 41.5 40.0 40.0 38.0 37.9 36.6 36.1 36.3 36.2 37.4 35.8 36.5 35.1 35.5 34.3 35.2 33.4 31.9 31.8 32.3 34.0 35.6 37.3 38.2 38.8 38.3 39.6
40.5 45.1 47.0 49.3 49.5 53.9 54.3 56.9 58.5 60.0 60.0 62.0 62.1 63.4 63.9 63.7 63.8 62.6 64.2 63.5 64.9 64.5 65.7 64.8 66.6 68.1 68.2 67.7 66.0 64.4 62.7 61.8 61.2 61.7 60.4
PharmD2d M F 66.7 51.9 57.5 50.2 51.1 54.0 46.2 40.6 46.5 44.6 39.1 39.1 43.4 35.6 36.2 38.4 36.1 37.4 34.6 34.5 37.0 37.5 35.4 37.8 36.6 36.1 39.2 20.6 35.9 33.9 36.2 40.2 36.7 38.4 32.4
33.3 48.1 42.5 49.8 48.9 46.0 53.8 59.4 53.5 55.4 60.9 60.9 56.6 64.4 63.8 61.6 63.9 62.6 65.4 65.5 63.0 62.5 64.6 62.2 63.4 63.9 60.8 79.4 64.1 66.1 63.8 59.8 63.3 61.6 67.6
MS
PhD
M
F
M
F
67.7 62.4 64.0 65.0 64.2 62.1 59.0 56.6 55.0 57.8 52.5 51.9 52.5 49.2 51.3 47.7 51.4 47.8 46.8 44.8 43.5 39.5 40.2 42.2 42.1 37.2 37.5 39.1 37.6 48.4 44.4 42.8 43.8 40.5 43.9
32.3 37.6 36.0 35.0 35.8 37.9 41.0 43.4 45.0 42.2 47.5 48.1 47.5 50.8 48.7 52.3 48.6 52.2 53.2 55.2 56.5 60.5 59.8 57.8 57.9 62.8 62.5 60.9 62.4 51.6 55.6 57.2 56.2 59.5 56.1
82.0 84.4 80.2 74.0 76.7 75.4 73.8 71.7 71.5 61.0 66.3 64.2 61.5 64.1 61.9 62.3 61.2 60.9 57.9 61.6 53.9 56.3 57.4 54.7 52.5 50.1 57.0 53.4 56.0 49.8 54.0 53.1 55.3 49.7 52.7
18.0 15.6 19.8 26.0 23.3 24.6 26.2 28.3 28.5 39.0 33.7 35.8 38.5 35.9 38.1 37.7 38.8 39.1 42.1 38.4 46.1 43.7 42.6 45.3 47.5 49.9 43.0 46.6 44.0 50.2 46.0 46.9 44.7 50.3 47.3
a
Includes BPharm degree PharmD1 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as the first professional degree c Includes BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1 from 1981-2005. Includes only PharmD1 beginning in 2006 d PharmD2 refers to the doctor of pharmacy degree awarded as a postbaccalaureate degree NA: Not applicable b
recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 2.2 percent [Table 7].
(Pharm.D.2) decreased by 1.5 percent to 339 in 2013-14 from 344 in 2012-13 [Table 5]. More women than men received Pharm.D.2 degrees in 2013-14 (women, 67.6 percent; men, 32.4 percent) [Table 6]. White Americans received 35.7 percent of Pharm. D.2 degrees conferred in 2013-14. Underrepresented minorities received 20.9 percent of the Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred (black, 15.3 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 5.0 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.0 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.6 percent).
Doctor of Pharmacy Degrees Conferred to Postbaccalaureate Students Thirteen colleges and schools conferred the Pharm.D. degree to postbaccalaureate students in 2013-14. The number of graduates per institution ranged from 1 to 128 students (median, 20 students). The number of doctor of pharmacy degrees conferred as postbaccalaureate degrees 6
7
6,335 6,205 5,810 5,189 4,676 4,591 4,534 4,559 4,943 5,040 5,303 5,381 5,304 5,346 5,476 5,584 5,527 5,364 5,041 4,597 4,517 4,469 4,648 4,473 4,954 5,031 5,650 6,182 6,560 6,660 6,880 7,136 7,396 7,479 7,564
(85.2) (84.7) (84.7) (81.4) (78.4) (80.1) (78.2) (77.9) (79.9) (76.8) (76.2) (75.6) (74.6) (72.4) (73.0) (71.3) (69.1) (69.0) (68.1) (64.4) (62.2) (63.8) (61.4) (59.7) (60.7) (60.8) (62.5) (63.0) (62.5) (60.6) (59.9) (59.8) (58.1) (56.6) (54.7)
249 230 250 241 242 250 306 298 282 310 368 350 381 452 385 445 528 446 444 401 480 428 575 591 612 720 668 682 702 688 744 763 832 916 942
(3.4) (3.1) (3.6) (3.8) (4.1) (4.4) (5.3) (5.1) (4.6) (4.7) (5.3) (4.9) (5.4) (6.1) (5.1) (5.7) (6.6) (5.7) (6.0) (5.6) (6.6) (6.1) (7.6) (7.9) (7.5) (8.7) (7.4) (7.0) (6.7) (6.3) (6.5) (6.4) (6.5) (6.9) (6.8)
Black or African Americana n (%) 277 361 241 261 217 245 217 258 248 249 254 288 289 260 269 282 266 282 264 266 287 253 303 310 295 361 377 386 407 454 489 512 532 563 602
(3.7) (4.9) (3.5) (4.1) (3.6) (4.3) (3.7) (4.4) (4.0) (3.8) (3.7) (4.1) (4.1) (3.5) (3.6) (3.6) (3.3) (3.6) (3.6) (3.7) (4.0) (3.6) (4.0) (4.1) (3.6) (4.4) (4.2) (3.9) (3.9) (4.1) (4.3) (4.3) (4.2) (4.3) (4.4)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 292 288 317 316 339 320 333 371 335 454 586 745 771 873 972 1,161 1,328 1,363 1,404 1,327 1,505 1,456 1,625 1,691 1,857 1,683 1,822 1,970 2,106 2,333 2,463 2,570 2,784 3,024 3,335
(3.9) (3.9) (4.6) (5.0) (5.7) (5.6) (5.7) (6.3) (5.4) (6.9) (8.4) (10.5) (10.8) (11.8) (13.0) (14.8) (16.6) (17.5) (19.0) (18.6) (20.7) (20.8) (21.5) (22.6) (22.8) (20.4) (20.2) (20.1) (20.1) (21.2) (21.4) (21.5) (21.9) (22.9) (24.1)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 43 (0.4) 198 (1.6) 45 (0.3) 30 (0.2)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. c Includes only PharmD1 degrees from 2006 onward NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006c 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 8 5 13 8 10 6 11 8 12 12 11 20 20 19 23 28 25 34 26 36 44 26 47 38 32 52 39 53 61 64 50 42 61 52 44
(0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.4) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.4) (0.6) (0.5) (0.4) (0.6) (0.4) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) (0.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.4) (0.3)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 37 (0.3) 98 (0.8) 91 (0.7) 174 (1.3)
Two or More Racesa n (%)
Table 7. Percentage of First Professional Degree (BS Pharmacy, BPharm, and PharmD1) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
49 (0.7) 7 (0.1) 18 (0.3) 93 (1.5) 174 (2.9) 8 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 15 (0.3) 27 (0.4) 90 (1.4) 88 (1.3) 58 (0.8) 40 (0.6) 124 (1.7) 122 (1.6) 48 (0.6) 56 (0.7) 45 (0.6) 58 (0.8) 366 (5.1) 223 (3.1) 194 (2.8) 198 (2.6) 182 (2.4) 190 (2.3) 226 (2.7) 265 (2.9) 337 (3.4) 424 (4.0) 497 (4.5) 602 (5.2) 520 (4.4) 537 (4.2) 744 (5.6) 844 (6.1)
Unknowna n (%) 222 227 210 266 305 315 399 345 337 405 346 280 308 306 257 289 273 238 163 148 204 174 177 203 218 195 219 202 240 292 259 308 281 293 303
(3.0) (3.1) (3.1) (4.2) (5.1) (5.5) (6.9) (5.9) (5.4) (6.2) (5.0) (3.9) (4.3) (4.1) (3.4) (3.7) (3.4) (3.1) (2.2) (2.1) (2.8) (2.5) (2.3) (2.7) (2.7) (2.4) (2.4) (2.1) (2.3) (2.7) (2.3) (2.6) (2.2) (2.2) (2.2)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
8
161 171 172 217 268 174 154 170 124 171 244 217 232 308 462 573 589 674 786 627 897 690 533 567 472 351 284 187 344 254 193 162 182 139 121
(89.4) (81.4) (83.1) (80.1) (81.0) (77.7) (73.3) (80.2) (78.0) (77.0) (80.8) (80.1) (81.1) (77.8) (80.3) (81.4) (80.5) (78.5) (77.5) (68.7) (70.7) (70.0) (68.3) (63.4) (62.4) (52.5) (55.1) (39.8) (54.9) (48.1) (36.6) (39.0) (41.0) (40.4) (35.7)
4 7 6 23 10 13 15 5 5 9 13 11 15 17 26 38 34 59 41 59 67 62 43 57 80 55 42 97 61 46 53 47 46 36 52
(2.2) (3.3) (2.9) (8.5) (3.0) (5.8) (7.1) (2.4) (3.1) (4.1) (4.3) (4.1) (5.2) (4.3) (4.5) (5.4) (4.6) (6.9) (4.0) (6.5) (5.3) (6.3) (5.5) (6.4) (10.6) (8.2) (8.2) (20.6) (9.7) (8.7) (10.1) (11.3) (10.4) (10.5) (15.3)
Black or African Americana n (%) 2 (1.1) 9 (4.3) 3 (1.4) 7 (2.6) 5 (1.5) 2 (0.9) 6 (2.9) 7 (3.3) 1 (0.6) 3 (1.4) 10 (3.3) 4 (1.5) 2 (0.7) 9 (2.3) 12 (2.1) 10 (1.4) 11 (1.5) 5 (0.6) 12 (1.2) 35 (3.8) 54 (4.3) 23 (2.3) 29 (3.7) 34 (3.8) 43 (5.7) 53 (7.9) 29 (5.6) 47 (10.0) 22 (3.5) 23 (4.4) 33 (6.3) 32 (7.7) 26 (5.9) 14 (4.1) 17 (5.0)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 3 (1.7) 5 (2.4) 9 (4.3) 9(3.3) 8 (2.4) 7 (3.1) 6 (2.9) 6 (2.8) 3 (1.9) 14 (6.3) 10 (3.3) 11 (4.1) 6 (2.1) 16(4.0) 33 (5.7) 47 (6.7) 55 (7.5) 64 (7.5) 125(12.3) 108 (11.8) 175 (13.8) 153 (15.6) 125 (16.0) 149 (16.6) 89 (11.8) 86 (12.9) 68 (13.2) 72 (15.3) 103 (16.4) 97 (18.4) 91 (17.3) 79 (19.0) 96 (21.6) 66 (19.2) 79 (23.3)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 3 0 7 10 9 4 4 4 3 0 3 1 2 2 1 0 0 2
(0.0) (0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.0) (0.4) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.3) (0.1) (0.4) (0.0) (0.8) (0.8) (0.9) (0.5) (0.4) (0.5) (0.4) (0.0) (0.6) (0.2) (0.4) (0.4) (0.2) (0.0) (0.0) (0.6)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3)
Two or More Racesa n (%)
Table 8. Percentage of Postbaccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (PharmD2) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
0 1 0 0 4 6 0 4 0 0 4 2 1 6 1 2 6 12 6 53 31 20 31 60 30 84 54 32 36 35 65 24 42 21 33
(0.0) (0.5) (0.0) (0.0) (1.2) (2.7) (0.0) (1.9) (0.0) (0.0) (1.3) (0.7) (0.3) (1.5) (0.2) (0.3) (0.8) (1.4) (0.6) (5.8) (2.4) (2.0) (4.0) (6.7) (4.0) (12.6) (10.5) (6.8) (5.7) (6.6) (12.3) (5.8) (9.5) (6.1) (9.7)
Unknowna n (%) 10 17 16 15 36 21 29 20 26 25 21 26 30 38 41 32 36 42 44 24 35 22 15 24 38 36 38 32 60 71 90 66 52 68 34
(5.6) (8.1) (7.7) (5.5) (10.9) (9.4) (13.8) (9.4) (16.4) (11.3) (7.0) (9.6) (10.5) (9.6) (7.1) (4.5) (4.9) (4.9) (4.3) (2.6) (2.8) (2.2) (1.9) (2.7) (5.0) (5.4) (7.4) (6.8) (9.6) (13.4) (17.1) (15.9) (11.7) (19.8) (10.0)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 9. Summary of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Degrees Conferred 2013-14 by Gender and Discipline
Discipline
M
F
Medicinal chemistry Pharmacology Social and administrative sciences Pharmacy practice Pharmaceutics Othera Total
35 71 63 19 119 33 340
29 66 95 37 146 62 435
MS Degree Percent of MS Total Degrees Conferred 64 137 158 56 265 95 775
8.3 17.7 20.4 7.2 34.2 12.3
M
F
84 50 27 10 93 34 298
54 51 32 13 95 22 267
PhD Degree Percent of PhD Total Degree Conferred 138 101 59 23 188 56 565
24.4 17.9 10.4 4.1 33.3 9.9
a
Includes Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Regulatory Affairs & Quality Assurance, and Regulatory Affairs in MS programs and Bioengineering/Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, and Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences in PhD programs
Asian Americans received 23.3 percent of the Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred and students of two or more races received 0.3 of Pharm.D.2 degrees conferred in 2013-14. The percentage of Pharm.D.2 degree recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 10.0 percent, down from 19.8 percent in 2012-13 [Table 8].
than men. The percentage of women receiving Ph.D. degrees decreased from 50.3 percent in 2012-13 to 47.3 percent in 2013-14. The number of Ph.D. degrees received by women has grown substantially from 18.0 percent in 1979-80 [Table 6]. This increase can be partially attributed to an increase in the number of foreign females receiving Ph.D. degrees [Table 10]. Underrepresented minorities received 7.2 percent of the M.S. degrees conferred in 2013-14 (black, 4.9 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 1.9 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.4 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.0 percent), a slight increase from 6.7 percent in 2012-13. Asian Americans received 9.7 percent of the M.S. degrees conferred, down from 11.0 percent in 2012-13. The percentage of M.S. degree recipients who were of two or more races was 0.6 percent and the percent of degree recipients who were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 49.8 percent, up from 48.7 percent in 2012-13 [Table 11]. Underrepresented minorities earned 6.8 percent of the Ph.D. degrees awarded in 2013-14 (black, 4.4 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 1.8 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.4 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.2 percent), a decrease from 7.3 percent in 2012-13. Asian Americans earned 10.4 percent of the Ph.D. degrees awarded. The percentage of Ph.D. degree recipients who were of two or more races was 0.5 percent and the percentage of degree recipients that were foreign, nonpermanent residents of the U.S. was 48.5 percent, down from 49.6 percent in 2012-13 [Table 12].
Graduate Degrees Conferred The number of graduate degrees (M.S. and Ph.D.) conferred has shown annual fluctuations over the 49 years data have been consistently gathered and reported [Table 3]. The number of M.S. degrees conferred increased to 775 in 2013-14 from 655 in 2012-13, an 18.3 percent increase. The number of Ph.D. degrees conferred decreased in 2013-14 to 565 from 589 in 2012-13 (4.1 percent decrease) [Table 5]. The highest percentage of M.S. degrees awarded in 2013-14 (34.2 percent) was in pharmaceutics. The second highest percentage of M.S. degrees was in social and administrative sciences (20.4 percent); followed by pharmacology (17.7 percent); other disciplines (12.3 percent); medicinal chemistry (8.3 percent); and pharmacy practice (7.2 percent). The highest number of Ph.D. degrees awarded in 2013-14 was also in the discipline of pharmaceutics (33.3 percent). The second highest number was in medicinal chemistry (24.4 percent); followed by pharmacology (17.9 percent); social and administrative sciences (10.4 percent); other disciplines (9.9 percent); and pharmacy practice (4.1 percent) [Table 9]. More women than men earned M.S. degrees (women, 56.1 percent; men, 43.9 percent); however, more men than women earned Ph.D. degrees (women, 47.3 percent; men, 52.7 percent) in 2013-14. There have only been two years (2012-13 and 2008-09) since AACP began collecting data that women received more Ph.D. degrees
FALL 2014 ENROLLMENTS The 2014 Professional Degree Enrollment and Graduate Degree Enrollment Surveys were conducted online in October 2014, with an announcement and request for participation sent to the survey coordinator at each of the 9
10
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 4 7 8 8 5 6 10 9 10 14 13 11 15 8 13 11 19 17 16 11 18 13 34 25 22 25
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 5 4 0 4 2 7 2 5 5 4 4 3 2 7 7 9 4
0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 0 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 5 7 6 2 11 11 6
1 1 1 1 7 2 1 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 4 5 5 3 6 6 0 6 5 9 5 8 8 8 9 10 8 9 18 20 10
10 6 2 6 11 6 4 7 4 6 17 12 12 10 16 20 11 12 14 22 23 27 14 19 15 10 19 19 27 31 25 28 34 31 26
2 2 1 3 2 4 2 6 2 4 7 14 9 10 9 13 12 13 18 17 15 27 13 13 16 25 15 16 19 23 23 22 27 37 33
12 8 3 9 13 10 6 13 6 10 24 26 21 20 25 33 23 25 32 39 38 54 27 32 31 35 34 35 46 54 48 50 61 68 59
Hispanic or Latinoa Asiana M F T M F T NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 1 0 0
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 0 0 2
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 1 0 2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera M F T
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Citizens of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 4 10 7 6 10 6 8 5 9 12 11 7 11 10 23 14 14 14
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 5 5 1 2 5 3 6 4 6 5 5 2 5 6 10 5 5 4 7 3 11 11 8 11
112 133 126 132 135 140 160 162 145 154 151 168 138 160 151 148 135 145 166 131 123 129 151 139 114 109 127 128 164 151 162 141 148 157 176
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
16 21 21 28 30 34 48 43 48 54 51 64 60 50 56 53 52 58 65 49 62 46 59 62 47 43 45 50 60 71 81 67 66 74 73
Whitea Year M F T
96 112 105 104 105 106 112 119 97 100 100 104 78 110 95 95 83 87 101 82 61 83 92 77 67 66 82 78 104 80 81 74 82 83 103
Black or African Americana M F T 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 1
American Indian or Alaska Nativea M F T NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 2 4 2
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 0 5 1
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 2 9 3
Two or More Racesa M F T
Table 10. Number of Doctor of Philosophy Degrees (PhD) Conferred 1980-2014 by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
2 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 1 3 3 6 2 5 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 3 1 2 1 7 0 1 3 12 3 6 14 3 1 3 4 4 1 3 1 3 3 2 0 1 4 7 8 7 7 11 7 5 11 21 9 10 10 8 7
3 0 1 4 6 0 0 8 2 6 8 5 4 0 2 4 3 7 4 15 20 4 7 5 4 6 2 5 15 14 18 16 30 20 15
Unknowna M F T 43 32 36 40 45 59 73 64 82 63 53 72 94 99 82 93 86 105 111 95 79 89 101 98 83 120 139 113 116 100 121 120 116 147 144
15 5 14 22 19 18 18 30 23 46 29 31 48 60 51 55 43 63 76 60 52 78 75 88 87 130 115 107 105 111 79 92 94 145 130
58 37 50 62 64 77 91 94 105 109 82 103 142 159 133 148 129 168 187 155 131 167 176 186 170 250 254 220 221 211 200 212 210 292 274
International/ Foreignb M F T 155 152 146 154 174 175 192 203 188 175 181 201 195 223 198 218 186 218 238 221 174 211 216 210 176 215 252 220 262 228 243 250 275 293 298
M 34 28 36 54 53 57 68 80 75 112 92 112 122 125 122 132 118 140 173 138 149 164 160 174 159 214 190 192 206 230 207 221 222 296 267
189 180 182 208 227 232 260 283 263 287 273 313 317 348 320 350 304 358 411 359 323 375 376 384 335 429 442 412 468 458 450 471 497 589 565
Total F T
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
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299 305 282 282 254 215 282 231 227 234 209 218 140 149 169 206 236 194 213 173 172 214 181 206 280 270 274 278 318 186 222 235 217 183 204
(64.3) (70.3) (61.6) (66.2) (64.5) (63.6) (68.0) (66.4) (64.3) (59.8) (54.3) (59.9) (49.6) (49.5) (47.6) (52.6) (55.9) (48.5) (50.6) (45.1) (48.6) (46.4) (40.9) (43.6) (43.0) (43.1) (42.5) (46.0) (43.4) (24.3) (28.7) (28.6) (31.9) (27.9) (26.3)
10 17 5 2 8 10 6 6 12 8 12 13 14 9 8 16 12 18 14 20 13 26 17 35 51 42 52 49 35 30 22 38 24 24 38
(2.2) (3.9) (1.1) (0.5) (2.0) (3.0) (1.4) (1.7) (3.4) (2.0) (3.1) (3.6) (5.0) (3.0) (2.3) (4.1) (2.8) (4.5) (3.3) (5.2) (3.7) (5.6) (3.8) (7.4) (7.8) (6.7) (8.1) (8.1) (4.8) (3.9) (2.8) (4.6) (3.5) (3.7) (4.9)
Black or African Americana n (%) 3 2 6 4 4 3 8 4 4 7 11 7 9 20 13 16 16 17 19 8 13 18 16 11 26 19 28 12 33 11 22 16 15 15 15
(0.6) (0.5) (1.3) (0.9) (1.0) (0.9) (1.9) (1.1) (1.1) (1.8) (2.9) (1.9) (3.2) (6.6) (3.7) (4.1) (3.8) (4.3) (4.5) (2.1) (3.7) (3.9) (3.6) (2.3) (4.0) (3.0) (4.3) (2.0) (4.5) (1.4) (2.8) (1.9) (2.2) (2.3) (1.9)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 27 (5.8) 14 (3.2) 6 (1.3) 10 (2.3) 16 (4.1) 11 (3.3) 7 (1.7) 11 (3.2) 9 (2.5) 16 (4.1) 28 (7.3) 27 (7.4) 14 (5.0) 13 (4.3) 19 (5.4) 32 (8.2) 23 (5.5) 36 (9.0) 38 (9.0) 31 (8.1) 36 (10.2) 46 (10.0) 43 (9.7) 68 (14.4) 89(13.7) 80 (12.8) 49 (7.6) 84 (13.9) 75 (10.2) 85 (11.1) 78 (10.1) 78 (9.5) 81 (11.9) 72 (11.0) 75 (9.7)
Asiana n (%)
b
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%)
U.S citizen or permanent resident Citizen of a foreign country/permanent residents of a country other than the U.S. NA: Not available
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 4 (0.6) 3 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%)
Table 11. Percentage of Master of Science (MS) Degree Recipients 1990-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 7 (1.1) 5 (0.6)
Two or More Racesa n (%) 41 (8.8) 1 (0.2) 27 (5.9) 40 (9.4) 21 (5.3) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 14 (4.0) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.5) 8 (2.1) 2 (0.5) 5 (1.8) 5 (1.7) 5 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 8 (1.9) 5 (1.3) 13 (3.1) 19 (4.9) 2 (0.6) 12 (2.6) 15 (3.4) 16 (3.4) 39 (6.0) 69 (11.0) 57 (8.9) 51 (8.4) 64 (8.7) 75 (9.8) 73 (9.4) 66 (8.0) 27 (4.0) 31 (4.7) 49 (6.3)
Unknowna n (%) 85 95 131 88 91 98 111 82 97 124 116 97 100 105 141 121 127 130 123 133 117 144 171 136 165 144 182 128 206 380 355 384 309 319 386
(18.3) (21.9) (28.6) (20.7) (23.1) (29.0) (26.7) (23.6) (27.5) (31.7) (30.1) (26.6) (35.5) (34.9) (39.7) (30.9) (30.1) (32.5) (29.2) (34.6) (33.1) (31.2) (38.6) (28.8) (25.3) (23.0) (28.3) (21.2) (28.1) (49.5) (45.9) (46.7) (45.4) (48.7) (49.8)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
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112 133 126 132 135 140 160 162 145 154 151 168 138 160 150 148 135 145 166 131 123 129 151 139 114 109 127 128 164 151 162 141 148 157 176
(59.3) (73.9) (69.2) (63.5) (59.5) (60.3) (61.5) (57.2) (55.1) (53.7) (55.3) (53.7) (43.5) (46.0) (46.9) (42.3) (44.4) (40.5) (40.4) (36.5) (38.1) (34.4) (40.2) (36.2) (34.0) (25.4) (28.7) (31.1) (35.0) (33.0) (36.0) (29.9) (29.8) (26.7) (31.2)
3 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 4 7 8 8 5 6 10 9 10 14 13 11 15 8 13 11 19 17 16 11 18 13 34 25 22 25
(1.6) (0.6) (0.5) (0.0) (0.9) (0.9) (0.8) (0.7) (0.8) (1.4) (2.6) (2.6) (2.5) (1.4) (1.9) (2.9) (3.0) (2.8) (3.4) (3.6) (3.4) (4.0) (2.1) (3.4) (3.3) (4.4) (3.8) (3.9) (2.4) (3.9) (2.9) (7.2) (5.0) (3.7) (4.4)
Black or African Americana n (%) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 7 (3.1) 2 (0.9) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.4) 3 (1.1) 4 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.0) 4 (1.3) 3 (0.9) 4 (1.3) 5 (1.4) 5 (1.6) 3 (0.8) 6 (1.5) 6 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.6) 5 (1.3) 9 (2.3) 5 (1.5) 8 (1.9) 8 (1.8) 8 (1.9) 9 (1.9) 10 (2.2) 8 (1.8) 9 (1.9) 18 (3.6) 20 (3.4) 10 (1.8)
Hispanic or Latinoa n (%) 12 (6.3) 8 (4.4) 3 (1.6) 9 (4.3) 13 (5.7) 10 (4.3) 6 (2.3) 13 (4.6) 6 (2.3) 10 (3.5) 24 (8.8) 26 (8.3) 21 (6.6) 20 (5.7) 25 (7.8) 33 (9.4) 23 (7.6) 25 (7.0) 32 (7.8) 39 (10.9) 38 (11.8) 54 (14.4) 27 (7.2) 32 (8.3) 31 (9.3) 35 (8.2) 34 (7.7) 35 (8.5) 46 (9.8) 54 (11.8) 48 (10.7) 50 (10.6) 61 (12.3) 68 (11.5) 59 (10.4)
Asiana n (%)
b
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Nonpermanent resident/citizen of a country other than the United States
a
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
Whitea n (%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2)
American Indian or Alaska Nativea n (%)
Table 12. Percentage of Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) Recipients 1980-2014 by Race/Ethnicity
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 (1.1) 2 (0.4) 9 (1.5) 3 (0.5)
Two or More Racesa n (%) 3 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.5) 4 (1.9) 6 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (2.8) 2 (0.8) 6 (2.1) 8 (2.9) 5 (1.6) 4 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 4 (1.1) 3 (1.0) 7 (2.0) 4 (1.0) 15 (4.2) 20 (6.2) 4 (1.1) 7 (1.9) 5 (1.3) 4 (1.2) 6 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 5 (1.2) 15 (3.2) 14 (3.1) 18 (4.0) 16 (3.4) 30 (6.0) 20 (3.4) 15 (2.7)
Unknowna n (%) 58 37 50 62 64 77 91 94 105 109 82 103 142 159 133 148 129 168 187 155 131 167 176 186 170 250 254 220 221 211 200 212 210 292 274
(30.7) (20.6) (27.5) (29.8) (28.2) (33.2) (35.0) (33.2) (39.9) (38.0) (30.0) (32.9) (44.8) (45.7) (41.6) (42.3) (42.4) (46.9) (45.5) (43.2) (40.6) (44.5) (46.8) (48.4) (50.7) (58.3) (57.5) (53.4) (47.2) (46.1) (44.4) (45.0) (42.3) (49.6) (48.5)
International/ Foreignb n (%)
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 13. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs 1980-2014 Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
First Professional Year Classes,a No. (% Change) 7,377 6,927 6,609 6,635 6,986 7,091 7,554 7,751 7,990 8,033 8,267 8,343 8,664 8,970 9,157 8,740 9,561 8,571 8,346 8,123 8,382 8,922 9,128 9,909 10,437 10,506 10,992 11,533 12,379 12,705 13,077 13,464 14,011 14,008 14,276
All Professional Years,b No. (% Change)_ 22,093 20,468 19,350 18,831 18,646 19,098 20,073 21,424 22,447 23,013 23,238 23,482 26,287 27,143 27,667 28,060 28,027 28,345 28,568 29,586 30,301 31,769 33,437 36,454 38,544 41,165 43,106 45,594 47,986 49,964 51,920 54,054 56,489 58,121 59,370
(-6.1) (-4.6) (0.4) (5.3) (1.5) (6.5) (2.6) (3.1) (0.5) (2.9) (0.9) (3.8) (3.5) (2.1) (-4.6) (9.4) (-10.4) (-2.6) (-2.7) (3.2) (6.4) (2.3) (8.6) (5.3) (0.7) (4.6) (4.9) (7.1) (2.6) (2.9) (3.0) (4.1) (0.0) (1.9)
(-7.4) (-5.5) (-2.7) (-1.0) (2.4) (5.1) (6.7) (4.8) (2.5) (1.0) (1.1) (NA) (3.3) (1.9) (1.4) (-0.1) (1.1) (0.8) (3.6) (2.4) (4.8) (5.3) (9.0) (5.7) (6.8) (4.7) (5.8) (5.2) (4.1) (3.9) (4.1) (4.5) (2.9) (2.1)
Total Enrollment, No. (% Change) 26,617 24,658 23,410 23,091 23,312 24,820 25,643 27,292 28,891 29,560 29,797 30,314 31,519 32,938 33,353 33,415 33,059 32,529 33,090 32,537 34,481 35,885 38,902 41,762 43,908 46,527 48,592 50,691 52,685 54,710 56,841 58,915 61,275 62,743 63,927
(-7.4) (-5.1) (-1.4) (1.0) (6.5) (3.3) (6.4) (5.9) (2.3) (0.8) (1.7) (4.0) (4.5) (1.3) (0.2) (-1.1) (-1.6) (1.7) (-1.7) (6.0) (4.1) (8.4) (10.7) (—c) (6.0) (4.4) (4.3) (3.9) (3.8) (3.9) (3.6) (4.0) (2.4) (1.9)
a
Includes second from last year for baccalaureate and third from last year for Pharm.1 and does not include first year enrollees in accelerated programs from 1980-2005. Includes third from last year PharmD1 beginning in 2006 b Includes the final three years only of all first professional degree programs for 1980-1991; includes all professional years for 1992-present (3 years for baccalaureate and 4 years for PharmD) c Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data are reported by select institutions
133 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the U.S. recognized by ACPE. Submission of the data was requested by December 2014. After follow-up correspondence, 127 colleges and schools (97.7 percent) submitted the requested information.
(n562,743) [Table 13]. In fall 2014, 61.4 percent of the students enrolled in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs were females and 38.6 percent were males [Table 14]. White Americans comprised the majority (52.2 percent) of students enrolled in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs. Asian Americans accounted for 25.0 percent; black Americans, 7.3 percent; Hispanic/ Latino Americans, 4.5 percent; Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, 0.2 percent; American Indians/Alaska
Professional Degree Programs Fall 2014 enrollments in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs (n563,927) represented a 1.9 percent increase from enrollments in fall 2013 13
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 14. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs by Gender 1980-2014
Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004a 2005 2006b 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
No. (%) 13,992 12,413 11,271 10,984 10,345 10,685 10,628 10,907 11,382 11,350 11,198 11,219 11,543 12,117 12,243 12,221 11,966 11,652 11,777 11,411 11,763 12,253 12,815 13,874 14,696 16,069 17,397 18,735 19,896 21,158 22,194 23,100 23,900 24,326 24,655
(52.6) (50.3) (48.1) (47.6) (44.4) (43.0) (41.4) (40.0) (39.4) (38.4) (37.6) (37.0) (36.6) (36.8) (36.7) (36.6) (36.2) (35.8) (35.6) (35.1) (34.1) (34.1) (33.0) (33.2) (33.5) (34.5) (35.8) (37.0) (37.8) (38.7) (39.0) (39.2) (39.0) (38.8) (38.6)
Male % Change from Previous Year -11.3 -9.2 -2.5 -5.8 3.3 -0.5 2.6 4.4 -0.3 -1.3 0.2 2.9 5.0 1.0 -0.2 -2.1 -2.6 1.1 -3.1 3.1 4.2 4.6 11.3 —— 9.3 8.3 7.7 6.2 6.3 4.9 4.1 3.5 1.8 1.4
Female % Change from Previous Year
No. (%) 12,625 12,245 12,139 12,107 12,967 14,135 15,015 16,385 17,509 18,210 18,599 19,095 19,976 20,821 21,110 21,194 21,093 20,877 21,313 21,126 22,718 23,632 26,087 27,888 29,212 30,458 31,195 31,956 32,744 33,552 34,647 35,815 37,375 38,417 39,272
(47.4) (49.7) (51.9) (52.4) (55.6) (57.0) (58.6) (60.0) (60.6) (61.6) (62.4) (63.0) (63.4) (63.2) (63.3) (63.4) (63.8) (64.2) (64.4) (64.9) (65.9) (65.9) (67.0) (66.8) (66.5) (65.5) (64.2) (63.0) (62.2) (61.3) (61.0) (60.8) (61.0) (61.2) (61.4)
-3.0 -0.9 -0.3 7.1 9.0 6.2 9.1 6.9 4.0 2.1 2.7 4.6 4.2 1.4 0.4 -0.5 -1.0 2.1 -0.9 7.5 4.0 9.1 10.3 —— 4.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 4.4 2.8 2.2
Total Enrollment % Change from No. Previous Year 26,617 24,658 23,410 23,091 23,312 24,820 25,643 27,292 28,891 29,560 29,797 30,314 31,519 32,938 33,353 33,415 33,059 32,529 33,090 32,537 34,481 35,885 38902 41,762 43,908 46,527 48,592 50,691 52,685 54,710 56,841 58,915 61,275 62,743 63,927
-7.4 -5.1 -1.4 1.0 6.5 3.3 6.4 5.9 2.3 0.8 1.7 4.0 4.5 1.3 0.2 -1.1 -1.6 1.7 -1.7 6.0 4.1 8.4 10.7 —— 6.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.0 2.4 1.9
a
Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data is reported by select institutions Includes only Pharm.D.1 degrees beginning in 2006
b
Natives, 0.3 percent; and international/foreign students, 3.0 percent. Students that identified as two or more races accounted for 2.1 percent of all first professional degree enrollments. Over five percent (5.3 percent) of enrollees were listed as race/ethnicity unknown. Enrollments of underrepresented minorities (black, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, American Indian/ Alaska Native) as a percentage of total enrollments in the Pharm.D. as the first professional degree programs increased to 12.4 percent in fall 2014 from 11.9 percent in fall 2013 [Table 15].
Eleven colleges and schools reported 935 students who already held a baccalaureate in pharmacy enrolled in doctor of pharmacy degree programs (Pharm.D.2). This was a decrease of 16.4 percent from fall 2013. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 19.3 percent of these students (black, 16.6 percent; Hispanic, 2.2 percent; Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islander, 0.0 percent; American Indians/Alaska Native, 0.4 percent). White Americans comprised 32.5 percent; Asian Americans, 21.3 percent; students of two or more races, 0.0 percent; unknown, 14.8 percent; and foreign students, 12.1 percent. 14
Black or African Americana
945 932 935 1,019 1,098 1,664 1,647 1,729 1,891 1,983 2,103 2,395 2,340 2,380 2,582 2,548 2,529 2,632 2,757 2,697 3,132 3,407 3,826 4,183 3,784 3,703 3,275 3,229 3,395 3,581 3,711 3,964
Year
1980b 1981b 1982b 1983b 1984b 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004c 2005 2006d 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011c
-1.4 0.3 9.0 7.8 NA -1.0 5.0 9.4 4.9 6.1 13.9 -2.3 1.7 8.5 -1.3 -0.7 4.1 4.7 -2.2 16.1 8.8 12.3 9.3 —— -2.1 -11.6 -1.4 5.1 5.5 3.6 ——
% Change From Previous Year 934 787 784 787 763 927 1,018 1,055 1,089 1,096 1,118 1,055 1,088 1,143 1,171 1,150 1,140 1,130 1,157 1,086 1,255 1,322 1,466 1,605 1,691 1,778 1,888 2,044 2,186 2,278 2,369 2,317
Hispanic or Latinoa -15.7 -0.4 0.4 -3.0 NA 9.8 3.6 3.2 0.6 2.0 -5.6 3.1 5.1 2.4 -1.8 -0.9 -0.9 2.4 -6.1 15.6 5.3 10.9 9.5 —— 5.1 6.2 8.3 6.9 4.2 4.0 ——
% Change From Previous Year 1,035 1,040 1,072 922 1,086 1,410 1,740 2,000 2,362 2,706 3,346 3,540 4,135 4,731 5,408 5,695 6,152 6,451 6,741 6,414 7,392 7,405 8,263 8,991 9,103 9,690 10,312 10,974 11,638 12,497 13,666 14,124
Asiana 0.5 3.1 -14.0 17.8 NA 23.4 14.9 18.1 14.6 23.7 5.8 16.8 14.4 14.3 5.3 8.0 4.9 4.5 -4.9 15.2 0.2 11.6 8.8 —— 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.1 7.4 9.4 ——
% Change From Previous Year NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 264
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ——
% Change From Previous Year
Table 15. Summary of Enrollments in First Professional Degree Programs by Race/Ethnicity 1980-2014
36 38 36 42 37 42 39 45 78 81 85 98 96 128 128 151 147 150 160 156 137 179 168 191 210 234 220 248 263 264 259 205
American Indian or Alaska Nativea 5.6 -5.6 16.7 -11.9 NA -7.1 15.4 73.3 3.8 4.9 15.3 -2.0 33.3 0.0 18.0 -2.6 2.0 6.7 -2.5 -12.2 30.7 -6.1 13.7 —— 11.4 -6.0 12.7 6.0 0.4 -1.9 —
% Change From Previous Year NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 629
Two or More Racesa
15
(Continued)
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA —
% Change From Previous Year
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
238 222 205
16.1 -6.7 -7.7
968 1,172 1,370
53.9 21.1 16.9
Graduate Degree Programs In fall 2014, the discipline of pharmaceutics had the highest percentage of full-time enrollees at both the M.S. and Ph.D. levels (36.2 percent and 35.4 percent, respectively). At the master’s level, 21.3 percent of the students were in enrolled in social and administrative sciences programs; 19.3 percent in pharmacology programs; 9.1 percent in pharmacy practice programs; 8.5 percent in medicinal chemistry programs; and 5.6 percent in other disciplines. At the doctoral level, 24.5 percent of the students were enrolled in medicinal chemistry programs; 17.9 percent in pharmacology programs; 11.0 percent in social and administrative science programs; 7.6 percent in other disciplines; and 3.6 percent in pharmacy practice [Table 16]. In fall 2014, more females than males were enrolled full-time in M.S. degree programs (females, 56.3 percent; males, 43.8 percent). Women accounted for 47.0 percent of the students enrolled full-time in Ph.D. programs in 2014, an increase from 46.7 percent in 2013. Of the 992 students enrolled full-time in M.S. degree programs in fall 2014, the majority (59.4 percent) were foreign students. White Americans comprised 23.1 percent of enrollees and Asian Americans accounted for 9.1 percent. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 5.6 percent of M.S. enrollees (black, 2.7 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 2.2 percent; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.1 percent). Americans of two or more races made up 1.1 percent of enrollees and 1.7 percent of all full-time M.S. degree enrollees were reported as race/ethnicity unknown. Of the 3,086 students enrolled full-time in Ph.D. degree programs in fall 2014, foreign students were also the largest group, accounting for 51.7 percent of the enrollees. White Americans were the next largest group at 30.6 percent of full time enrollments followed by Asian Americans at 8.3 percent. Underrepresented minorities accounted for 6.7 percent of Ph.D. enrollees (black, 3.8 percent; Hispanic Americans, 2.3 percent; Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Americans, 0.3 percent; American Indian/Alaska Natives, 0.3 percent). Americans of two or more races accounted for 0.6 percent. 2.2 percent of all full-time Ph.D. degree enrollees were reported as unknown. Over 40 percent (42.2) of full-time and part-time students in Ph.D. programs held a professional pharmacy degree, 11.1 percent of Ph.D. students held a professional pharmacy degree from a U.S. college or school of pharmacy and 31.2 percent held a pharmacy degree conferred by a non-U.S. institution [Table 17].
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy wishes to express its appreciation to the deans of its member
b
a
U.S. citizen or permanent resident Totals for 1980 - 1984 are for enrollments in final three years of program only c Not able to calculate percent change due to change in how data are reported d Includes B.S. Pharmacy, B.Pharm., and Pharm.D.1 from 1980-2005. Includes only Pharm.D.1 beginning in 2006 NA Not available
125.0 -65.8 -25.1 594 203 152 2.2 6.9 3.3 14,441 15,438 15,955 9.5 5.7 8.4 2,537 2,681 2,907 6.6 3.5 7.2 4,226 4,376 4,690 2012 2013 2014
Black or African Americana Year
% Change From Previous Year
Table 15. (Continued )
Hispanic or Latinoa
% Change From Previous Year
Asiana
% Change From Previous Year
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islandera
% Change From Previous Year
American Indian or Alaska Nativea
% Change From Previous Year
Two or More Racesa
% Change From Previous Year
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3.
16
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S3. Table 16. Summary of Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Fall 2014 Full-Time Enrollments by Gender and Discipline
Discipline
M
MS Degree Percent of MS T Program Enrollments
F
Medicinal Chemistry 50 34 Pharmacology 75 117 Social and Administrative Sciences 97 114 Pharmacy Practice 37 53 Pharmaceutics 145 214 Othera 30 26 Total 434 558
84 192 211 90 359 56 992
8.5 19.3 21.3 9.1 36.2 5.6
M
F
PhD Degree Percent of PhD T Program Enrollments
445 311 756 269 284 553 149 189 338 52 59 111 582 510 1,092 138 98 236 1,635 1,451 3,086
24.5 17.9 11.0 3.6 35.4 7.6
a:Includes Biophysics, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Undecided, Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition and Pharmaceutical/Chemical Product Development for MS programs and Bioengineering/Biophysics/Biological & Medical Informatics, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Science, Translational Science, No concentration, and Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences for Ph.D. programs
institutions and members of their faculty and staff who devoted their valuable time to complete the surveys that led to this report.
This report is an excerpt from the Profile of Pharmacy Students—Fall 2014, published by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (2015).
Table 17. Fall 2014 Enrollments in PhD Programs by Type of Enrollment (Full-Time, Part-Time), Discipline, and Source of Previous Degree Earneda U.S. School Pharm Non pharm Full-Time Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology Social and Admin. Sciences Pharmacy Practice Pharmaceutics Other Total full-time Part-Time Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology Social and Admin. Sciences Pharmacy Practice Pharmaceutics Other Total part-time
Canadian School Pharm Non pharm
Foreign School Pharm Non pharm
All Schools Pharm Non pharm
59 33 56 35 80 13 276
326 215 77 29 279 37 963
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 0 3 0 5
126 178 114 26 382 9 835
150 103 61 10 179 23 526
185 211 171 61 462 22 1,112
478 318 138 39 461 60 1,494
3 13 6 0 5 1 28
8 21 33 0 5 0 67
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
3 6 5 0 7 0 21
6 10 6 0 3 1 26
6 19 11 0 12 1 49
14 31 40 0 8 1 94
a
Includes only those students for whom source of degree was reported
17
