Zootaxa 3900 (3): 429–436 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press
Article
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8BF4A6EB-D3E6-4390-AA29-16B177F257A2
The genus Epidapus Haliday (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species PEKKA VILKAMAA1, HEIKKI HIPPA2 & WERNER MOHRIG3 1
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Gribbylunds allé 2, SE-183 65 Täby, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Puddemin 6, D-18574 Poseritz, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The following species of the genus Epidapus Haliday, 1851 are recognized from New Caledonia: Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n., E. (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n., E. (s. str.) formosus sp. n., E. (Zuhalia) primus Mohrig, 2004 and E. (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. The new species are described, and a key to the local species is given. Key words: Sciaroidea, Australasian region, biodiversity, systematics
Introduction The Diptera of New Caledonia have mainly been studied since the late 1980’s, and most of the results have been presented in the seven volumes of Zoologia Neocaledonica (Tillier 1988, Chazeau & Tillier 1991, Matile et al. 1993, Najt & Matile 1997, Najt & Grandcolas 2002, Grandcolas 2008, 2009). For the Bibionomorpha, the known New Caledonian fauna includes Bibionidae (Fitzgerald 2004) and some groups of Sciaroidea: Lygistorrhinidae (Matile 1986), Keroplatidae (Matile 1988a), Ditomyiidae (Matile 1988b), and Mycetophilidae (Mycomyinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (Matile 1991), and Leiinae and Manotinae (Matile 1993). These studies show the high degree of endemism in the New Caledonian dipteran fauna, at least at the species level. However, the level of endemism in New Caledonia is known to vary among insect groups (Chazeau 1993, Cranston 2010). Current knowledge of the insect fauna, especially Diptera, its affinities, possible origin and diversity, was summarized by Couri et al. (2010). Epidapus Haliday, 1851 (type-species Epidapus venaticus Haliday, 1856) is a large genus that is world-wide in distribution. Fourteen species are currently known from the Australasian region, one in New Caledonia, four in New Zealand (Jaschhof & Mohrig 1999), and nine in Papua New Guinea (Mohrig 2004), as well as one (undescribed) from Micronesia (Steffan 1989). The presence of Epidapus in Australia is unknown. This is a continuation of an ongoing study by the present authors of the unknown sciarid fauna of New Caledonia, so far covering the genera Keilbachia Mohrig (Vilkamaa et al. 2011), Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Vilkamaa et al. 2012a), Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Vilkamaa et al. 2012b), Bradysia Winnertz (Vilkamaa et al. 2012c) and Scatopsciara Edwards (Vilkamaa et al. 2012d). Köhler and Menzel (2013) also described two new species of Bradysia, gave new records of species of all genera of Sciaridae found in New Caledonia, including one Epidapus, and gave a checklist of all species known from the area. With the newly described species below, the number of New Caledonian sciarid species is now 52.
Material and methods Our material originates from samples collected by French scientists during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s,
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preserved in ethanol and obtained from the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France. The specimens were mounted on microscope slides in Canada balsam, after being treated with creosote and xylol, or in Euparal, after dehydration in absolute ethanol. The hypopygium of all species, antennal flagellomere 4, and apical part of the front tibia of most species are illustrated. We made the illustrations using a drawing tube attached to a Leitz Diaplan or Leitz Laborlux compound microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The terminology used mainly follows Hippa and Vilkamaa (1991, 1994) and Hippa et al. (1998). The area of specialized vestiture subapically located on the prolateral side of the front tibia is here called the front tibial organ (Blaschke-Berthold 1994). Subapical megasetae are placed on the basal, dorsal or ventral side of the apical tooth of the gonostylus, and apical megasetae on its apical (lateral) side (Hippa & Vilkamaa 1994), or when the apical tooth is missing, on the mesial or lateral side of the gonostylar apex. In the key, descriptions, and discussions, the hypopygium is discussed in the ventral view. Our study focuses on males because only males are present in the material studied. In intrageneric classification, we follow Menzel and Mohrig (2000) by placing species into subgenera. The type material is deposited in the MNHN, except as noted in the material examined sections for some paratypes when additional specimens allowed. These paratypes are placed in the following collections: Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Helsinki, Finland (MZH), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden (SMNH), and the Private collection of Werner Mohrig, Poseritz, Germany (PWMP).
Key to New Caledonian species of Epidapus Haliday 1. 2. 3. 4. -
Apical tooth present on gonostylus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Apical tooth absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus angulatus sp. n. Gonostylar megasetae present even if narrow and hyalinous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gonostylar megasetae absent, gonostylus only with sharp setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tarsi with ventral comb-like row of setae, gonostylus narrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus primus Mohrig, 2004 Tarsi unmodified, gonostylus triangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus triquetrus sp. n. Apical tooth of gonostylus nearly straight, tegmen apically and laterally roundish, only slightly shorter than broad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus formosus sp. n. Apical tooth of gonostylus curved, tegmen apically and laterally nearly straight, much shorter than broad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus aciculatus sp. n.
Description of new species Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n. Figs 1 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, fogging, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Paratypes. Same data as holotype (1 male MZH, 1 male SMNH); same data but (parc 7), 21.VII.1992 (1 male PWMP). Description. Male. Head. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna concolorous with face. Eye bridge 1–2 facets wide. Face with 6–7 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus non-setose or with 1 seta. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 4 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 2.1–2.7x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae slightly longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 1 A). Thorax. Unicolorous brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 2–5 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 0.9–1.1 mm. Anal lobe weak. Width/length 0.35–0.45. R1/R 0.55. c/w 0.70–0.80. r-m and bM subequal in length, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta, bM nonsetose. Haltere very pale brown, rather long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ with pale and fine vestiture, forming an indistinct patch. Front tibial spur slightly shorter than tibial width (Fig. 1 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and long. Hypopygium, Figs 1 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with a few subapical mesial setae, bearing a curved apical tooth, megasetae absent. Tegmen unmodified, shorter than broad, apically and laterally rather straight. Aedeagal apodeme with short base and long apical arms.
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FIGURE 1. Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
Discussion. Epidapus aciculatus is similar to E. formosus and the New Guinean E. consensus Mohrig, 2004 in lacking megasetae in its gonostylus. Epidapus aciculatus and E. formosus differ from the latter in having a straighter gonostylus and in having a complete apical margin of their tegmen (Figs 1 C, 3 A and Fig. 20 b in Mohrig (2004)). Epidapus aciculatus differs from E. formosus in having a more curved apical tooth of the gonostylus and a shorter tegmen. Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word acicula (needle) referring to the narrow gonostylus of the species.
Epidapus (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n. Figs 2 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Description. Male. Head. Brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna paler than head. Eye bridge 2
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facets wide. Face with 4 setae. Setae of clypeus not discernible in the specimen. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 3 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 1.55x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 2 A). Thorax. Pale brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 2 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 1.0 mm. Anal lobe weak. Wing distorted in the specimen, width/length nor R1/R measurable. c/w 0.80. r-m and bM not discernible in the specimen. Haltere pale brown, rather long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial spur slightly longer than tibial width (Fig. 2 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and rather long. Hypopygium, Figs 2 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, strongly curved mesad, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with 4 megasetae at the lobe-like produced apex, megasetae blunt and with large sockets; apical tooth absent. Tegmen unmodified, as long as broad, slightly curved apically and laterally. Aedeagal apodeme rather long. Discussion. On the basis of the lacking apical tooth of the gonostylus, E. angulatus should be placed in the subgenus Pseudoptanogyna Vimmer, 1926 in the sense of Menzel and Mohrig (2000). Some species of Epidapus (Zuhalia) Koçak & Hüseyinoğlu, 2008 also lack the apical tooth. By having four apical megasetae and lacking the apical tooth of the gonostylus, E. angulatus resembles the New Guinean E. (Zuhalia) pellitus Mohrig, 2004, but cannot be placed in the subgenus Zuhalia because it lacks the keel-like row of setae on the tarsi.
FIGURE 2. Epidapus (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
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Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word angulus (angle), referring to the strongly curved gonostylus of the species.
Epidapus (s. str.) formosus sp. n. Figs 3 A, B Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 21.VII.1992, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Description. Male. Head. In poor condition in the specimen studied. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna concolorous with face. Eye bridge narrow, facets lacking. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 2 setae, and an apical patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomeres missing in the specimen. Thorax. Pale brown. Setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 3 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. In poor condition with veins not discernible in the specimen. Length 0.9 mm. Narrow, anal lobe weak. Haltere very pale brown, moderately long. Legs. Yellowish. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial spurs broken in the specimen. Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae pale and rather short. Hypopygium, Figs 3 A, B. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with a few subapical mesial setae, megasetae lacking, bearing a straight and slender apical tooth. Tegmen unmodified, apically and laterally rounded. Aedeagal apodeme not discernible in the specimen studied. Discussion. See under Epidapus aciculatus. Etymology. The name is Latin, formosus (beautiful) referring to the slender gonostylus and the elegantly curved tegmen of the species.
FIGURE 3. Epidapus (s. str.) formosus sp. n. (holotype). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral. B. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
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Epidapus (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. Figs 4 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Mont Nondoué, sclerophyllous forest, 3.VII.1992, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (in MNHN). Paratypes. Same data as holotype (2 males MNHN, 1 male SMNH); Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (1 male PWMP); Rivière Bleue N.P., 150 m, humid forest on alluvials, Malaise trap, 22.IV–6.V.1987, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chateau & Tillier (1 male MZH).
FIGURE 4. Epidapus (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. (A, B paratype, C, D holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
Description. Male. Head. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna paler than head. Eye bridge 2–3 facets wide. Face with 2–4 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus non-setose. Maxillary palpus with 2 segments, segment 1 larger than segment 2, segment 1 with 1–5 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 1.1–2.3x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 4 A). Thorax. Brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 1–4 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 3–7 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 1.4 mm. Anal lobe weak. Width/length 0.45–0.50. R1/R 0.70. c/w 0.65–0.70. r-m shorter than bM, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta, bM non-setose. Haltere very pale brown, moderately long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial
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spur slightly longer than tibial width (Fig. 4 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and rather long. Hypopygium, Figs 4 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, triangular in ventral view, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with 4 apical-subapical megasetae, megasetae slightly curved; bearing a curved apical tooth. Tegmen shorter than broad, apically truncate, with lateral shoulders. Aedeagal apodeme rather short with broad apical arms. Discussion. Epidapus triquetrus differs from all of the Oceanian species of Epidapus in having a triangular gonostylus with an apical tooth surrounded closely by four megasetae. Etymology. The name is Latin, triquetrus (triangular) referring to the form of the gonostylus of the species.
Acknowledgements We thank Dr. S. Tillier (MNHN, Paris) for the material, and Elizabeth Binkiewicz and Jarmo Pelli (Stockholm) for the drawings.
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1–101. Najt, J. & Grandcolas, P. (Eds.), (2002) Zoologia Neocaledonica, Volume 5: Systématique et endémisme en NouvelleCalédonie. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 187 (A), 1–283. Najt, J. & Matile, L. (Eds.), (1997) Zoologia Neocaledonica. Volume. 4. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 171 (A), 1–399. Steffan. W.A. (1989) 11. Family Sciaridae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian regions, Bishop Museum Press and E.J. Brill, Honolulu and Leiden, pp. 146–151. Tillier, S. (Ed.), (1988) Zoologia Neocaledonica. Volume 1. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 142 (A), 1–158. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2011) The genus Keilbachia Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 2771, 53–62. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012a) The genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3207, 1–21. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012b) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 2560, 42–50. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012c) The genus Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3489, 25–44. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012d) The genus Scatopsciara Edwards (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 3591, 67–74.
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Article
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8BF4A6EB-D3E6-4390-AA29-16B177F257A2
The genus Epidapus Haliday (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species PEKKA VILKAMAA1, HEIKKI HIPPA2 & WERNER MOHRIG3 1
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Gribbylunds allé 2, SE-183 65 Täby, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Puddemin 6, D-18574 Poseritz, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The following species of the genus Epidapus Haliday, 1851 are recognized from New Caledonia: Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n., E. (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n., E. (s. str.) formosus sp. n., E. (Zuhalia) primus Mohrig, 2004 and E. (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. The new species are described, and a key to the local species is given. Key words: Sciaroidea, Australasian region, biodiversity, systematics
Introduction The Diptera of New Caledonia have mainly been studied since the late 1980’s, and most of the results have been presented in the seven volumes of Zoologia Neocaledonica (Tillier 1988, Chazeau & Tillier 1991, Matile et al. 1993, Najt & Matile 1997, Najt & Grandcolas 2002, Grandcolas 2008, 2009). For the Bibionomorpha, the known New Caledonian fauna includes Bibionidae (Fitzgerald 2004) and some groups of Sciaroidea: Lygistorrhinidae (Matile 1986), Keroplatidae (Matile 1988a), Ditomyiidae (Matile 1988b), and Mycetophilidae (Mycomyinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (Matile 1991), and Leiinae and Manotinae (Matile 1993). These studies show the high degree of endemism in the New Caledonian dipteran fauna, at least at the species level. However, the level of endemism in New Caledonia is known to vary among insect groups (Chazeau 1993, Cranston 2010). Current knowledge of the insect fauna, especially Diptera, its affinities, possible origin and diversity, was summarized by Couri et al. (2010). Epidapus Haliday, 1851 (type-species Epidapus venaticus Haliday, 1856) is a large genus that is world-wide in distribution. Fourteen species are currently known from the Australasian region, one in New Caledonia, four in New Zealand (Jaschhof & Mohrig 1999), and nine in Papua New Guinea (Mohrig 2004), as well as one (undescribed) from Micronesia (Steffan 1989). The presence of Epidapus in Australia is unknown. This is a continuation of an ongoing study by the present authors of the unknown sciarid fauna of New Caledonia, so far covering the genera Keilbachia Mohrig (Vilkamaa et al. 2011), Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Vilkamaa et al. 2012a), Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Vilkamaa et al. 2012b), Bradysia Winnertz (Vilkamaa et al. 2012c) and Scatopsciara Edwards (Vilkamaa et al. 2012d). Köhler and Menzel (2013) also described two new species of Bradysia, gave new records of species of all genera of Sciaridae found in New Caledonia, including one Epidapus, and gave a checklist of all species known from the area. With the newly described species below, the number of New Caledonian sciarid species is now 52.
Material and methods Our material originates from samples collected by French scientists during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s,
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preserved in ethanol and obtained from the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France. The specimens were mounted on microscope slides in Canada balsam, after being treated with creosote and xylol, or in Euparal, after dehydration in absolute ethanol. The hypopygium of all species, antennal flagellomere 4, and apical part of the front tibia of most species are illustrated. We made the illustrations using a drawing tube attached to a Leitz Diaplan or Leitz Laborlux compound microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The terminology used mainly follows Hippa and Vilkamaa (1991, 1994) and Hippa et al. (1998). The area of specialized vestiture subapically located on the prolateral side of the front tibia is here called the front tibial organ (Blaschke-Berthold 1994). Subapical megasetae are placed on the basal, dorsal or ventral side of the apical tooth of the gonostylus, and apical megasetae on its apical (lateral) side (Hippa & Vilkamaa 1994), or when the apical tooth is missing, on the mesial or lateral side of the gonostylar apex. In the key, descriptions, and discussions, the hypopygium is discussed in the ventral view. Our study focuses on males because only males are present in the material studied. In intrageneric classification, we follow Menzel and Mohrig (2000) by placing species into subgenera. The type material is deposited in the MNHN, except as noted in the material examined sections for some paratypes when additional specimens allowed. These paratypes are placed in the following collections: Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Helsinki, Finland (MZH), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden (SMNH), and the Private collection of Werner Mohrig, Poseritz, Germany (PWMP).
Key to New Caledonian species of Epidapus Haliday 1. 2. 3. 4. -
Apical tooth present on gonostylus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Apical tooth absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus angulatus sp. n. Gonostylar megasetae present even if narrow and hyalinous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gonostylar megasetae absent, gonostylus only with sharp setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tarsi with ventral comb-like row of setae, gonostylus narrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus primus Mohrig, 2004 Tarsi unmodified, gonostylus triangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus triquetrus sp. n. Apical tooth of gonostylus nearly straight, tegmen apically and laterally roundish, only slightly shorter than broad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus formosus sp. n. Apical tooth of gonostylus curved, tegmen apically and laterally nearly straight, much shorter than broad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidapus aciculatus sp. n.
Description of new species Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n. Figs 1 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, fogging, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Paratypes. Same data as holotype (1 male MZH, 1 male SMNH); same data but (parc 7), 21.VII.1992 (1 male PWMP). Description. Male. Head. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna concolorous with face. Eye bridge 1–2 facets wide. Face with 6–7 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus non-setose or with 1 seta. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 4 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 2.1–2.7x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae slightly longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 1 A). Thorax. Unicolorous brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 2–5 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 0.9–1.1 mm. Anal lobe weak. Width/length 0.35–0.45. R1/R 0.55. c/w 0.70–0.80. r-m and bM subequal in length, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta, bM nonsetose. Haltere very pale brown, rather long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ with pale and fine vestiture, forming an indistinct patch. Front tibial spur slightly shorter than tibial width (Fig. 1 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and long. Hypopygium, Figs 1 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with a few subapical mesial setae, bearing a curved apical tooth, megasetae absent. Tegmen unmodified, shorter than broad, apically and laterally rather straight. Aedeagal apodeme with short base and long apical arms.
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FIGURE 1. Epidapus (s. str.) aciculatus sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
Discussion. Epidapus aciculatus is similar to E. formosus and the New Guinean E. consensus Mohrig, 2004 in lacking megasetae in its gonostylus. Epidapus aciculatus and E. formosus differ from the latter in having a straighter gonostylus and in having a complete apical margin of their tegmen (Figs 1 C, 3 A and Fig. 20 b in Mohrig (2004)). Epidapus aciculatus differs from E. formosus in having a more curved apical tooth of the gonostylus and a shorter tegmen. Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word acicula (needle) referring to the narrow gonostylus of the species.
Epidapus (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n. Figs 2 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Description. Male. Head. Brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna paler than head. Eye bridge 2
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facets wide. Face with 4 setae. Setae of clypeus not discernible in the specimen. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 3 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 1.55x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 2 A). Thorax. Pale brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 2 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 1.0 mm. Anal lobe weak. Wing distorted in the specimen, width/length nor R1/R measurable. c/w 0.80. r-m and bM not discernible in the specimen. Haltere pale brown, rather long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial spur slightly longer than tibial width (Fig. 2 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and rather long. Hypopygium, Figs 2 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, strongly curved mesad, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with 4 megasetae at the lobe-like produced apex, megasetae blunt and with large sockets; apical tooth absent. Tegmen unmodified, as long as broad, slightly curved apically and laterally. Aedeagal apodeme rather long. Discussion. On the basis of the lacking apical tooth of the gonostylus, E. angulatus should be placed in the subgenus Pseudoptanogyna Vimmer, 1926 in the sense of Menzel and Mohrig (2000). Some species of Epidapus (Zuhalia) Koçak & Hüseyinoğlu, 2008 also lack the apical tooth. By having four apical megasetae and lacking the apical tooth of the gonostylus, E. angulatus resembles the New Guinean E. (Zuhalia) pellitus Mohrig, 2004, but cannot be placed in the subgenus Zuhalia because it lacks the keel-like row of setae on the tarsi.
FIGURE 2. Epidapus (Pseudoaptanogyna) angulatus sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
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Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word angulus (angle), referring to the strongly curved gonostylus of the species.
Epidapus (s. str.) formosus sp. n. Figs 3 A, B Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 21.VII.1992, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (MNHN). Description. Male. Head. In poor condition in the specimen studied. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna concolorous with face. Eye bridge narrow, facets lacking. Maxillary palpus with 1 segment, with 2 setae, and an apical patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomeres missing in the specimen. Thorax. Pale brown. Setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 2 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 3 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. In poor condition with veins not discernible in the specimen. Length 0.9 mm. Narrow, anal lobe weak. Haltere very pale brown, moderately long. Legs. Yellowish. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial spurs broken in the specimen. Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae pale and rather short. Hypopygium, Figs 3 A, B. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with a few subapical mesial setae, megasetae lacking, bearing a straight and slender apical tooth. Tegmen unmodified, apically and laterally rounded. Aedeagal apodeme not discernible in the specimen studied. Discussion. See under Epidapus aciculatus. Etymology. The name is Latin, formosus (beautiful) referring to the slender gonostylus and the elegantly curved tegmen of the species.
FIGURE 3. Epidapus (s. str.) formosus sp. n. (holotype). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral. B. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
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Epidapus (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. Figs 4 A–D Material studied. Holotype male. NEW CALEDONIA, Mont Nondoué, sclerophyllous forest, 3.VII.1992, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (in MNHN). Paratypes. Same data as holotype (2 males MNHN, 1 male SMNH); Rivière Bleue N.P., (parc 6), dense forest, 20.I.1993, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chazeau & Guilbert (1 male PWMP); Rivière Bleue N.P., 150 m, humid forest on alluvials, Malaise trap, 22.IV–6.V.1987, Bonnet de Larbogne, Chateau & Tillier (1 male MZH).
FIGURE 4. Epidapus (s. str.) triquetrus sp. n. (A, B paratype, C, D holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Apical portion of front tibia, prolateral. C. Part of hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, ventral. Scale 0.05 mm.
Description. Male. Head. Pale brown. Maxillary palpus very pale brown. Antenna paler than head. Eye bridge 2–3 facets wide. Face with 2–4 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus non-setose. Maxillary palpus with 2 segments, segment 1 larger than segment 2, segment 1 with 1–5 setae, and a dorsal patch of sensilla. Body of antennal flagellomere 4 1.1–2.3x as long as wide, the neck longer than broad; longest setae longer than the width of flagellomere (Fig. 4 A). Thorax. Brown. Setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 1–4 setae. Prothoracic episternum with 3–7 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short setae. Wing. Length 1.4 mm. Anal lobe weak. Width/length 0.45–0.50. R1/R 0.70. c/w 0.65–0.70. r-m shorter than bM, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta, bM non-setose. Haltere very pale brown, moderately long. Legs. Pale yellowish brown. Front tibial organ not differentiated. Front tibial
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spur slightly longer than tibial width (Fig. 4 B). Abdomen. Pale brown. Setae dark and rather long. Hypopygium, Figs 4 C, D. Pale brown, as abdomen. Gonocoxa longer than gonostylus; ventral setosity sparse. Gonostylus elongated, triangular in ventral view, mesial side slightly impressed; setosity sparse; with 4 apical-subapical megasetae, megasetae slightly curved; bearing a curved apical tooth. Tegmen shorter than broad, apically truncate, with lateral shoulders. Aedeagal apodeme rather short with broad apical arms. Discussion. Epidapus triquetrus differs from all of the Oceanian species of Epidapus in having a triangular gonostylus with an apical tooth surrounded closely by four megasetae. Etymology. The name is Latin, triquetrus (triangular) referring to the form of the gonostylus of the species.
Acknowledgements We thank Dr. S. Tillier (MNHN, Paris) for the material, and Elizabeth Binkiewicz and Jarmo Pelli (Stockholm) for the drawings.
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1–101. Najt, J. & Grandcolas, P. (Eds.), (2002) Zoologia Neocaledonica, Volume 5: Systématique et endémisme en NouvelleCalédonie. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 187 (A), 1–283. Najt, J. & Matile, L. (Eds.), (1997) Zoologia Neocaledonica. Volume. 4. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 171 (A), 1–399. Steffan. W.A. (1989) 11. Family Sciaridae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian regions, Bishop Museum Press and E.J. Brill, Honolulu and Leiden, pp. 146–151. Tillier, S. (Ed.), (1988) Zoologia Neocaledonica. Volume 1. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 142 (A), 1–158. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2011) The genus Keilbachia Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 2771, 53–62. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012a) The genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3207, 1–21. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012b) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 2560, 42–50. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012c) The genus Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3489, 25–44. Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012d) The genus Scatopsciara Edwards (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 3591, 67–74.
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