G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

Available online at

ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com

Original article

The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry Mathilde Lassalle a,*, Carole Ayav b, Luc Frimat b, Christian Jacquelinet a, Ce´cile Couchoud a, au nom du registre REIN a b

Coordination nationale, agence de la biome´decine, 1, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93212 Saint-Denis-la-Plaine cedex, France Coordination re´gionale Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France

A R T I C L E I N F O

A B S T R A C T

Article history: Received 12 August 2014 Accepted 12 August 2014 Available online xxx

The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry began in 2002 to provide a tool for public health decision support, evaluation and research related to renal replacement therapies (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is relying on a network of nephrologists, epidemiologists, patients and public health representatives. Continuous registration covers all dialysis and transplanted patients. In 2012, in France, 10,048 patients started a RRT (154 per million inhabitants). Elders provided majority of new patients (median age at RRT start: 70 years old). New patients had a high and age increasing rate of comorbidities, especially diabetes (42% of the new patients) and cardiovascular comorbidities (> 50% of the new patients). Like previous years, incidence is stabilized. On December 31, 2012, 73,491 patients were receiving a RRT in France (1127 per million inhabitants, 56% on dialysis and 44% living with a functional renal transplant). More than 50% of patients were undergoing in-center hemodialysis with significant variations among regions. An increase in medical satellite unit hemodialysis but a decrease in self-care unit hemodialysis rates were noticed across the time, whereas peritoneal dialysis remained stable at 7%. Five years after starting RRT, the overall survival rate was 51% but only 16% among patients over 85 years. Mortality rate was highly dependent on treatment and age; transplanted patients aged 60–69 had a 27/1000 patients-year mortality rate versus 133 for a dialysis patient. Patients who started dialysis had a probability of first wait-listing of 4.8% at the start of dialysis (pre-emptive registrations) and 27% at 72 months. Whatever their diabetes status was, patients older than 60 had poor access to the waiting list. Seventeen percent of the patients received a first renal transplant within 15.4 month median time; 3% had received a pre-emptive graft. Ten years after the start of the French ESRD registry, this report provides a comprehensive and nation-wide overview of dialysis and transplantation cares in France, including overseas. ß 2014 Association Socie´te´ de ne´phrologie. Publie´ par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits re´serve´s.

Keywords: Epidemiology ESRD Incidence Prevalence Transplantation Survival

1. Introduction The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry began in 2002 to provide a tool for public health decision support, evaluation and research related to renal replacement therapies (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]. The REIN network includes nephrologists, nurses, patients, public health representatives and epidemiologists coordinated within regional and national steering committees. To facilitate the links with the existing transplant database [2] (CRISTAL), the French Transplant

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Lassalle).

Agency (Agence de la biome´decine) was chosen as national coordinating and financing partner. The REIN registry is intended to include all ESRD patients on RRT – either dialysis or transplantation – living in metropolitan France or overseas (Fig. 1). To reach its objectives in terms of both surveillance and evaluation, a set of basic items, including fixed and annually updateable items, was defined for all dialysis patients. Six types of events are reported to the registry on occurrence:  recovery of renal function;  changes in dialysis setting;  changes in type of dialysis;

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002 1769-7255/ß 2014 Association Socie´te´ de ne´phrologie. Publie´ par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits re´serve´s.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

2

Fig. 1. Renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease in 2012 in France.

 renal transplantation;  death;  lost to follow-up or transfer to a foreign country. The participation rate of centers in all contributing regions is 100%. Clinical research assistants in each region visit every dialysis center to verify the completeness of patient and event registration, by comparing reports to the registry with center administration files [3]. Completeness and accuracy are systematically ascertained for items deemed essential. Other items, such as comorbid conditions, are checked through ad hoc quality control, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of data records. Computer checks are performed for data validation (invalid codes) and consistency. Additional validation at the national level is intended to eliminate any duplicates across regions. All these procedures are documented in the REIN guide [4]. Information is collected via a specific secured Website and feedback to nephrologists is provided by a shared information system covering dialysis and transplantation. Improvement and upgrading of REIN’s information system continues (automatic exchange of information with the dialysis units, geographical information system. . .). Ten years after, REIN has demonstrated its ability to provide a tool for public health decision support or evaluation and epidemiological research. More than 30 studies have been published in scientific journals, in various domains like:      

medical practice evaluation [5–7]; development of tools for decision-making [8–10]; international benchmarking [11,12]; quality of life [13]; epidemiological analysis [14–19]; evaluation of health care supply [20–22].

REIN registry is also a support for external studies allowing passive follow-up [23,24] or international collaborations [25–27]. Each year, an annual report provides a complete overview of the patients and their outcomes [28–34]. This paper summarizes the essential of 2012 results. 2. Methods In each region, research assistants control and consolidate data collected previous years during the first eight months of the year.

In September, the national coordinating office performs dialysis and transplantation data aggregation and quality management procedures. A consolidated database is available in November. Statistical analyses and report elaboration continue until February of year N + 2. A patient is considered to be incident in 2012 if and only if he started first RRT, dialysis or pre-emptive transplantation, during the year 2012. A patient is prevalent for a region at 31/12/2012, if he is dialyzed or living with a functional renal graft at that date. Crude rates are calculated taking number of incident or prevalent patients living in the region as numerator and number of general population of the region at the same time point or during the same period (projection given by INSEE, the French national statistics office). To assess variations among regions, age and gender standardized rates are provided, using the direct method of standardization taking as reference the French population in the same period. A standardized rate corresponds to the regional rate that would be observed if the region had the same structure of population (in terms of gender and age) than the general French population. Two standardized rates are significantly different when confidence intervals do not overlap. The comparative incidence or prevalence ratio is the ratio of the rates of each region after direct standardization on the overall rate. The region has a significantly lower (or higher) overall rate when the comparative index confidence interval does not contain the value 1. Trends analysis focuses on the 20 regions for which exhaustive 5-year data are available: Alsace, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Champagne-Ardenne, Centre, Corse, HauteNormandie, ˆIle-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, La Re´union, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyre´ne´es, Nord Pas-de-Calais, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, PACA and Rhoˆne-Alpes. To compare rates over time, they have been standardized on the distribution by age and gender of the French population in 2012. Survival probabilities from the date of the first RRT until the end-point (31/12/2012) are calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The event of interest is the death, either in dialysis or transplantation. Analysis of access to the renal transplantation waiting list (or to a first renal graft) from dialysis start considers registration (or transplantation) as an event of interest and the death before registration (or transplantation) as a competitive event. In case of pre-emptive registration, the delay between registration and start of dialysis is stated to zero. Events occurring after first registration (transplantation, return to dialysis, new registration

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

3

Fig. 2. Geographic variations in comparative incidence ratio of treated ESRD in 2012.

or death) or after transplantation are not taken into account. Results are presented as cumulative incidence. 3. Results 3.1. Incidence In 2012, in France, 9710 patients started a treatment by dialysis (incidence of dialysis: 149 per million inhabitants) and 338 patients with a pre-emptive transplant without previous dialysis (incidence of pre-emptive transplant: 5 per million inhabitants, 29% from living donor). The global incidence rate was 154 per million

inhabitants. Elderly provided majority of new patients (median age at RRT start: 70 years old). Incidence increased with age. Over 75 years, the incidence was 676 per million inhabitants. Incidence was subject to regional variations, even after adjustment on age and gender (Fig. 2). In the western regions, the comparative incidence rates were lower than 1. North-eastern regions and Ile-de-France (Paris) had the highest rates but well below the overseas territories. Since 2008, the number of new patients increased by 8%; this increase was due to aging and growing of the general population, therefore adjusted incidence rate seemed to stabilize between 154 and 157 per million inhabitants (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Trends in number of new ESRD patients since 2008, in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

4

Table 1 2012 Incident patients’ characteristics according to age at dialysis initiation. Age at dialysis initiation

Primary renal disease Polycystic kidneys Glomerulonephritis Vascular or hypertensive nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy Other or unknown Comorbidities and disabilities Diabetes Heart failure None Stage I–II Stage III–IV Stage NA Peripheral vascular disease None Stage I–II Stage III–IV Stage NA Coronary heart disease History of myocardial infarction CHD without myocardial infarction Dysrhythmia Malignancy Nutritional status Body mass index (kg/m2) < 18.5 [18.5–23] [23–25] [25–30]  30 Albuminemia (g/L) < 25 [25–30] [30–35] [35–40]  40 Initial treatment condition Planned hemodialysis Planned peritoneal dialysis Unplanned dialysis Pre-emptive graft eGFR at start of dialysis (mL/min/1.73 m2) 50% of the new patients) increasing with age (Table 1). While comorbidities and age seemed to stabilize among new patients, the frequency of diabetes and obesity continued to increase (Fig. 4). Percentage of patients starting with PD was 11%, varying between regions and with age (Fig. 5). Some regions used peritoneal dialysis more often for patients over 75 years; other regions used more often peritoneal dialysis in patients under 60 years, as a ‘‘bridge’’ to renal transplantation. 3.2. Prevalence On December 31, 2012, in France, 73,491 patients were receiving a renal replacement therapy, 40,983 (56%) on dialysis and 32,508 (44%) living with a functional renal transplant. The

overall crude prevalence was 1127 per million inhabitants. Median age was 70.4 years for patients on dialysis, and 56 years for patients living with a renal graft. Living donor was the source of renal graft in 8% of transplanted patients. Prevalence was subject to regional variations with 7 regions (3 north-eastern regions and 4 overseas) above the national rate, even after adjustment on age and gender (Fig. 6). The ratio between transplanted and dialyzed patients varied between 33% and 58% in metropolitan regions; this ratio was below 30% in overseas territories. Those variations have to be interpreted with caution since they don’t take into account the clinical characteristics of the patients. The study of temporal variations demonstrated a + 4% increase in standardized prevalence of ESRD patients with a functional transplant vs + 2% increase for dialysis, resulting in a decreasing gap between dialysis and transplantation prevalence, due to an increase number of renal transplant and a longer survival of transplanted patients (Fig. 7).

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

5

Fig. 4. Trends in the clinical characteristics in new ESRD patients in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012.

On December 31, the main dialysis technique was hemodialysis (93% of patients). Patients treated by in-center HD or assisted PD were older and had higher rates of comorbidities and disabilities, than patients treated by out-center HD or nonassisted PD at home (Table 2). While comorbidities seemed to stabilize among prevalent patients, the frequency of diabetes and age continued to increase (Fig. 8). Even if an important interregion variability remained considering the choices of treatment, more than 50% of the patients were undergoing hemodialysis in an in-center unit, and we noticed an increase in hemodialysis in a medical satellite unit with time whereas the rate of hemodialysis in self-care unit decreased. The rate of peritoneal dialysis remained stable (Fig. 9). Since 2008, the rate of patients with a hemoglobin blood-level lower than 10 g/dL and without erythropoietin treatment was stable around 1.3%, while the rate of patients with a hemoglobin blood-level above 13 g/dL with erythropoietin treatment was decreasing which confirmed a good management of anemia (Fig. 10).

3.3. Survival Age strongly influences survival on dialysis (Fig. 11). Survival was 93% and 77% at 1 and 5 years for patients under 65 years and 77% and 34% respectively over 65. After 5 years, among patients over 85 years, survival rate was 16%. The presence of diabetes or one or more cardiovascular comorbidities also significantly worsened patient survival. Mortality rate was highly dependent on their treatment (Fig. 12). Thus, a transplant patient aged 60–69 has a mortality rate of 27/1000 patients-year versus 133 for a dialysis patient. 3.4. Access to the waiting list and to renal transplantation The probability of first wait-listing new patients who started dialysis was of 4.8% at the start of dialysis (pre-emptive registrations), 17% at 12, 25% at 36 and 27% to 72 months. Age strongly influences the probability of being listed (Fig. 13). Patient older than 60 had a very poor access to the waiting list, whatever

Fig. 5. Percentages of new patients starting with peritoneal dialysis, by age and region in 2012.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

6

Fig. 6. Geographic variations in comparative prevalence ratio of ESRD, treated by dialysis or transplantation in 2012.

their diabetes status was. Patients under 60 years had a probability of 70% to be listed at 72 months. The probability of first kidney transplant was of 8% at 12, 18% at 36 and 24% at 72 months (Fig. 14). Among the new patients less than 60 years old, the probability of being transplanted was of 20% at 12, 45% at 36 and 60% at 72 months (median dialysis duration: 44.5 months). 4. Discussion In 2012, in France, the overall incidence of treated ESRD was 154 per million inhabitants. Beyond this average national rate, wide variations between regions are observed, ranging from 109 per million inhabitants in Poitou-Charentes to 370 in Re´union Island. Nephropathy associated with diabetes explains a large part of these changes, encouraging focusing the effort of prevention in diabetic patients in regions at high risk, Northern and Eastern as

Fig. 7. Trends in standardized prevalence rates of treated ESRD, by treatment modality in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012 (per million inhabitants).

well as overseas territories. The French incidence rate lies in the highest values observed in Europe, close to Belgium and Greece, although much lower than Portugal (240 pmi) or Japan (290 pmi) and the United States (370 pmi) [35,36]. Those comparisons, however, do not consider factors that may impact great variation on incidence like socio-economic environment, health care supply, and medical practice patterns such as early dialysis initiation or greater propensity to accept frail or elderly patients for dialysis [15]. With a median age at RRT start at 70 years, France has the eldest patients in Europe, except Belgium and Greece. Since 2008, the overall incidence of the IRTT is stable, ranging from 154 to 157 per million inhabitants, but the number of new patients continues to increase due to aging of the general population. The overall prevalence of treated ESRD is 1127 per million inhabitants, with significant regional variations. French prevalence lies in the highest values observed in Europe, close to Belgium, Austria and Spain [35]. Since prevalence is related to incidence but also to survival, comparisons have to be made with cautions as they do not take into account the clinical characteristics of the patients and the access to renal transplantation. In France, the percentage of transplant patient among all ESDRD patients is 45% (507 pmi). This proportion lies in the lowest values in Europe, much lower than what can be observed in other countries: 50% in Spain (555 pmi) or United Kingdom (435 pmi), 60% in the Netherlands (539 pmi) or Finland (482 pmi), 70% in Norway (639 pmi). This percentage has to be interpreted considering the numerator (access to transplantation and survival with a transplant) but also the denominator (access to dialysis and survival on dialysis). It may be high in countries with an important transplantation activity but also in countries with a relative low access to dialysis, especially for old or sick people that won’t be transplanted. Those countries may also differ in their activity toward living donor or paired-donation [35]. Despite strong incentives, significant variation in PD utilization persists between regions. In two previous study, we have

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

7

Table 2 Prevalent patients’ characteristics according to dialysis modality at December 31, 2012. Treatment Total (n = 38,038) % Age 0–19 20–44 45–64 65–74 75–84  85 Comorbidities and disabilities Diabetes Heart failure None Stage I–II Stage III–IV Stage NA Peripheral vascular disease None Stage I–II Stage III–IV Stage NA Coronary heart disease None CHD without myocardial infarction History of myocardial infarction Dysrhythmia Malignancy Nutritional status Body mass index (kg/m2) < 18.5 [18.5–23] [23–25] [25–30]  30 Albuminemia (g/L) < 25 [25–30] [30–35] [35–40]  40 Treatment Treatment modalities In-centre HD Out-centre HD HD in self-care unit HD at home APD CAPD

In-center hemodialysis (n = 23,225) %

Out-center hemodialysis (n = 14,936)

Assisted peritoneal dialysis (n = 1217)

Non-assisted peritoneal dialysis (n = 1236) %

0.4 9.3 28.8 22.3 28.8 10.5

0.5 6.0 23.7 23.0 33.4 13.5

0.1 14.4 37.4 21.8 21.5 4.8

0.8 3.0 10.4 17.1 40.1 28.6

1.9 15.1 38.1 22.7 18.9 3.4

37.9

43.3

29.9

42.8

28.9

76.3 15.9 5.9 2.0

72.4 18.4 6.9 2.3

82.6 12.4 3.6 1.4

64.0 18.6 13.7 3.8

82.7 10.4 5.8 1.1

74.8 14.3 9.2 1.6

70.2 16.0 11.9 1.9

81.0 12.3 5.5 1.3

73.3 15.5 9.1 2.1

85.9 8.8 4.5 0.8

73.5 15.7 10.9 22.5 9.7

69.7 17.9 12.5 26.2 11.0

79.3 12.4 8.3 16.8 8.2

70.0 17.1 12.9 31.8 7.3

76.8 13.2 10.0 14.4 6.8

6.1 27.1 16.3 30.4 20.2

6.8 26.9 15.8 29.8 20.7

5.2 27.9 16.8 30.7 19.5

4.8 22.5 17.3 34.8 20.5

5.0 25.6 17.4 32.9 19.2

2.7 8.9 28.1 37.2 23.1

3.6 10.6 31.2 36.8 17.9

1.0 4.6 22.4 39.0 32.9

7.4 23.2 34.1 26.1 9.2

3.6 10.6 31.2 36.8 17.9

56.8 16.0 19.9 0.6 2.7 3.8

100.0

21.3 78.7

61.5 38.5

Fig. 8. Trends in clinical characteristics in patients on dialysis at December 31st each year in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012.

43.9 54.5 1.7

Fig. 9. Trends in treatment modality in patients on dialysis at December 31st each year in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 8

M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

Fig. 12. Dialysis mortality rates by age in 2012. Fig. 10. Trends anemia in patients on dialysis at December 31st each year in 20 regions that contributed to the registry over 2008–2012.

shown disparities in case mix associated to the first modality choice [5] and the necessity to take into account the various modality of PD (assisted or not by a nurse, continuous or automated) [37]. Peritoneal dialysis represents 10% of the dialysis patients, close to Spain and Belgium, lower than in United Kingdom (15%), New Zealand (35%), Mexico (50%) or Hong Kong (75%), confirming the great variability of practices and lack of consensus concerning peritoneal dialysis indications [35]. Like in a previous study, in 2012, we confirm that the general health status of the incident patients remain unchanged [19]. But while comorbidities and age seem to stabilize among new patients, like in other countries and in the general population, the frequency of diabetes continue to increase [38,39]. Further efforts are needed to improve screening, patient and doctor awareness, and adequate use of nephroprotective medications in diabetic patients [18,40].

The 5 years survival rate of incident RRT patients at 51% is closed to the survival rate observed in 12 European countries [35]. However, such comparisons have to be made with caution in the lack of adjustment of clinical characteristics. A great disparity exist for the access to the waiting list which is mainly explained by comorbidities but other factors, especially non-medical factors are currently investigated [7,41,42]. In conclusion, REIN is a national, multi-partner, innovative program in France. After many years without standard information on RRT in France, since 2002 the REIN registry provides qualitycontrolled data about patients with ESRD, their treatments and their outcomes. The REIN network, by promoting data sharing and discussion of the results by the various actors, should improve both the decision-making process and quality of care in health management.

Fig. 11. Survival rate in 2002–2012 incident patients, by age.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

Fig. 13. Cumulative incidence of registration on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, by age for 2002–2012 incident patients.

Fig. 14. Cumulative incidence of kidney transplantation (including pre-emptive transplantation), by age, for 2002–2012 incident patients on the waiting list.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

9

G Model

NEPHRO-750; No. of Pages 10 10

M. Lassalle et al. / Ne´phrologie & The´rapeutique xxx (2014) xxx–xxx

Disclosure of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. Acknowledgments Authors thank all REIN registry participants, especially nephrologists and professionals in charge of data collection and quality control. Dialysis centers participating in the registry are listed in REIN annual report (http://www.agence-biomedecine.fr/ professionnels/le-programme-rein.html). References [1] Couchoud C, Stengel B, Landais P, Aldigier JC, de CF, Dabot C, et al. The renal epidemiology and information network (REIN): a new registry for end-stage renal disease in France. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:411–8. [2] Strang WN, Tuppin P, Atinault A, Jacquelinet C. The French organ transplant data system. Stud Health Technol Inform 2005;116:77–82. [3] Couchoud C, Lassalle M, Cornet R, Jager KJ. Renal replacement therapy registries–time for a structured data quality evaluation programme. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013;28:2215–20. [4] Couchoud C. Guide du rein 2009. Nephrol Ther 2009;5(Suppl. 2):S145–76. [5] Couchoud C, Savoye E, Frimat L, Ryckelynck JP, Chalem Y, Verger C. Variability in case mix and peritoneal dialysis selection in fifty-nine French districts. Perit Dial Int 2008;28:509–17. [6] Thilly N, Stengel B, Boini S, Villar E, Couchoud C, Frimat L. Evaluation and determinants of underprescription of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in predialysis patients with anaemia. Nephron Clin Pract 2008;108:c67–74. [7] Hogan J, Savoye E, Macher MA, Bachetta J, Garaix F, Lahoche A, et al. Rapid access to renal transplant waiting list in children: impact of patient and centre characteristics in France. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014;29:1973–9. [8] Couchoud C, Labeeuw M, Moranne O, Allot V, Esnault V, Frimat L, et al. A clinical score to predict 6-month prognosis in elderly patients starting dialysis for end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:1553–61. [9] Couchoud C, Dantony E, Elsensohn MH, Villar E, Ecochard R. Modelling treatment trajectories to optimize the organization of renal replacement therapy and public health decision-making. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013;28:2372–82. [10] Bouaoun L, Villar E, Ecochard R, Couchoud C. Excess risk of death increases with time from first dialysis for patients on the waiting list: implications for renal allograft allocation policy. Nephron Clin Pract 2013;124:99–105. [11] Couchoud C, Jager KJ, Tomson C, Cabanne JF, Collart F, Finne P, et al. Assessment of urea removal in haemodialysis and the impact of the European Best Practice Guidelines. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:1267–74. [12] Couchoud C, Kooman J, Finne P, Leivestad T, Stojceva-Taneva O, Ponikvar JB, et al. From registry data collection to international comparisons: examples of haemodialysis duration and frequency. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24: 217–24. [13] Gentile S, Beauger D, Speyer E, Jouve E, Dussol B, Jacquelinet C, et al. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in renal transplant recipients: results of a national survey in France. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013;11:88. [14] Lassalle M, Labeeuw M, Frimat L, Villar E, Joyeux V, Couchoud C, et al. Age and comorbidity may explain the paradoxical association of an early dialysis start with poor survival. Kidney Int 2010;77:700–7. [15] Couchoud C, Guihenneuc C, Bayer F, Lemaitre V, Brunet P, Stengel B. Medical practice patterns and socio-economic factors may explain geographical variation of end-stage renal disease incidence. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:2312–22. [16] Sens F, Schott-Pethelaz AM, Labeeuw M, Colin C, Villar E. Survival advantage of hemodialysis relative to peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure. Kidney Int 2011;80:970–7. [17] Glaudet F, Hottelart C, Allard J, Allot V, Bocquentin F, Boudet R, et al. The clinical status and survival in elderly dialysis: example of the oldest region of France. BMC Nephrol 2013;14:131. [18] Assogba FG, Couchoud C, Hannedouche T, Villar E, Frimat L, Fagot-Campagna A, et al. Trends in the epidemiology and care of diabetes mellitus-related endstage renal disease in France, 2007–2011. Diabetologia 2014;57:718–28. [19] Kessler M, Ayav C, Erpelding ML, Couchoud C. [Trends in characteristics of ESRD patients at initiation of dialysis therapy]. Nephrol Ther 2012;8:521–6. [20] Richard JB, Aldigier JC, Le ML, Glaudet F, Ben SM, Landais P. Equity of accessibility to dialysis facilities. Stud Health Technol Inform 2009;150: 777–81. [21] Devictor B, Gentile S, Delaroziere JC, Durand AC, Brunet P, Berland Y, et al. [Trend of travelling times for haemodialysis patients in the Provence-AlpesCote-d’Azur region between 1995 and 2008]. Nephrol Ther 2012;8:156–62. [22] Labeeuw M, Villar E, Beruard M, Foret M, Marc JM, Marvalin S, et al. [A tool to predict the resources necessary for the whole hemodialysis population]. Nephrologie 2003;24:19–24.

[23] Moranne O, Couchoud C, Kolko-Labadens A, Allot V, Fafin C, Vigneau C. Description of characteristics, therapeutic project and outcome of patients older than 75 years with eGFR below 20 mL/min/1.73 m2: PSPA pilot study. Nephrol Ther 2012;8–516. [24] Moranne O, Couchoud C, Vigneau C. Characteristics and treatment course of patients older than 75 years, reaching end-stage renal failure in France. The PSPA study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012;67:1394–9. [25] Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Espinosa L, Groothoff JW, Hulton SA, Cerkauskiene R, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of children with primary oxalosis requiring renal replacement therapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:458–65. [26] Suri RS, Lindsay RM, Bieber BA, Pisoni RL, Garg AX, Austin PC, et al. A multinational cohort study of in-center daily hemodialysis and patient survival. Kidney Int 2013;83:300–7. [27] Nesrallah GE, Lindsay RM, Cuerden MS, Garg AX, Port F, Austin PC, et al. Intensive hemodialysis associates with improved survival compared with conventional hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;23:696–705. [28] Brianc¸on S, Lange C, Thibon P, Jacquelinet C, Stengel B. 2011 ESRD incidence rates. REIN annual report 2011. Nephrol Ther 2013;9:S19–38. [29] Jacquelinet C, Lange C, Briancon S. ESRD prevalence in 2011. REIN annual report 2011. Nephrol Ther 2013;9:S39–64. [30] Chantrel F, de Cornelissen F, Deloumeaux J, Lange C, Lassalle M. Survival and mortality for ESRD patients. REIN annual report 2011. Nephrol Ther 2013;9: S127–38. [31] Hourmant M, de Cornelissen F, Brunet P, Pavaday K, Assogba GF, Couchoud C, et al. Access to the waiting list and renal transplantation. REIN annual report 2011. Nephrol Ther 2013;9:S139–66. [32] Labeeuw M, Couchoud C. Flow between treatment modalities of renal replacement therapy. REIN annual report 2011. Nephrol Ther 2013;9:S181–92. [33] Kolko A, Hannedouche T, Couchoud C. [Clinical characteristics and indicators of care of dialysis patients]. Nephrol Ther 2013;9(Suppl. 1):S95–125. [34] Harambat J, Hogan J, Macher MA, Couchoud C. [ESRD in children and adolescents]. Nephrol Ther 2013;9(Suppl. 1):S167–79. [35] ERA-EDTA registry. ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report, 2011. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Informatics; 2013. p. 2013. [36] USRDS. US Renal Data System. USRDS 2012 Annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States; 2012. [37] Couchoud C, Verger C, Dervaux T, Ryckelynck JP, Frimat L. [Patients treated by peritoneal dialysis: a heterogeneous group of patients. Profile of PD patients]. Nephrol Ther 2011;7:225–8. [38] Ricci P. BPOWA. Diabe`te traite´: quelles e´volutions entre 2000 et 2009 en France? Bull Epidemiol Hebd 2010;42–43:434–40. [39] Incidence of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetes among persons with diagnosed diabetes – United States and Puerto Rico, 1996–2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:1361–6. [40] Assogba GF, Couchoud C, Roudier C, Pornet C, Fosse S, Romon I, et al. Prevalence, screening and treatment of chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes in France: the ENTRED surveys (2001 and 2007). Diabetes Metab 2012;38:558–66. [41] Couchoud C, Bayat S, Villar E, Jacquelinet C, Ecochard R. A new approach for measuring gender disparity in access to renal transplantation waiting lists. Transplantation 2012;94:513–9. [42] Bayat S, Frimat L, Thilly N, Loos C, Briancon S, Kessler M. Medical and nonmedical determinants of access to renal transplant waiting list in a French community-based network of care. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:2900–7.

Further reading Les rapports annuels du registre anne´e REIN sont te´le´chargeables sur le site de l’Agence de la biome´decine: www.agence-biomedecine.fr/Le-programme-REIN. Chaque anne´e, y figurent les re´sultats relatifs a` l’incidence et la pre´valence de l’insuffisance re´nale terminale traite´e, au devenir des malades, aux indicateurs de prise en charge et a` l’acce`s a` la greffe re´nale. Le rapport comporte aussi des chapitres de´die´s a` la pe´diatrie et a` la prise en charge des malades dans les re´gions d’Outremer. Son objectif est d’enrichir notre connaissance de l’insuffisance re´nale et mieux adapter la prise en charge des malades. Les donne´es de´taille´es des activite´s de pre´le`vement et de greffe re´nale sont disponibles dans les annexes du rapport me´dical et scientifique de l’Agence de la biome´decine: www.agence-biomedecine.fr/annexes/bilan2012/accueil.htm. La charte de l’information du REIN pre´cise les principes retenus en termes de gestion, d’exploitation et de valorisation scientifique de l’information recueillie: www.agence-biomedecine.fr/IMG/pdf/charte_info_01102013.pdf. Afin de favoriser la re´alisation d’e´tudes sur la maladie re´nale chronique a` partir des donne´es recueillies, l’Agence de la biome´decine organise depuis 2008 chaque anne´e un appel d’offres Recherche REIN, ouvert au de´poˆt de projets de recherche ou de demandes de soutien me´thodologique: www.agence-biomedecine.fr/Appel-doffres-Recherche-REIN. Les donne´es europe´ennes permettant des comparaisons portant sur l’incidence et la pre´valence dans les diffe´rents pays sont accessibles via les rapports annuels du registre europe´en ERA-EDTA sur le site du registre: www.era-edta-reg.org/ index.jsp?p=1.

Please cite this article in press as: Lassalle M, et al. The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry. Ne´phrol ther (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.002

The essential of 2012 results from the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) ESRD registry.

The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry began in 2002 to provide a tool for public health decision support, evaluation a...
3MB Sizes 2 Downloads 4 Views

Recommend Documents