This article was downloaded by: [York University Libraries] On: 13 November 2014, At: 04:46 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzv20
The anoestrous syndrome in New Zealand dairy cattle a
K.L. Macmillan M.Agr.Sc. Ph.D. , E.D. Fielden B.V.Sc. B.Agr.Sc. b
F.R.C.V.S. & J.D. Watson a
a
N.Z. Dairy Board , P.O. Box 232, Feilding
b
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North Published online: 23 Feb 2011.
To cite this article: K.L. Macmillan M.Agr.Sc. Ph.D. , E.D. Fielden B.V.Sc. B.Agr.Sc. F.R.C.V.S. & J.D. Watson (1975) The anoestrous syndrome in New Zealand dairy cattle, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 23:1-2, 4-8, DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1975.34181 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1975.34181
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
4
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
VOL. 23
THE ANOESTROUS SYNDROME IN NEW ZEALAND DAIRY CATTLE
2. Some Factors Influencing Submission Rates in Taranaki Herds K. L. MACMILLAN*, E. D. FIELDENt and J. D. WATSON*
Downloaded by [York University Libraries] at 04:46 13 November 2014
INTRODUCTION
IN ORDER to maintain the cDncentrated seasonal calving pattern which is a feature of dairying in New Zealand, herd owners must successfully mate or inseminate a high percentage Qif their cows within a limited mating period. That this does nDt always occur is indicated by the report of Fielden et al. (1973) who found that, among 14 Manawatu and Wairarapa dairy herds, 21 % of the 2-year-Qild CQiWS were nQit inseminated during the first 4 weeks of mating ·even thDugh most of th~;se cows h~d c.aIved at least 60 days pnor to exammatlOn. Over 90% of these unmated 2-year~old cows exhibited an anDestrous syndrome associated with small inactive ovaries. Submission rate has been defined as the percentage of cows mated or inseminated during the first 4 weeks 'Of a herd's mating programme (Macmillan and Watson, 1973). This! paper presents results from an e:xtensive survey undertaken in co-operation with the Taranaki Livestock Improvement Association in 1972. It examines the effects of age breed herd s~ze, the herd's average le~el Df productIon, and methods of oestrous detection on submission rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A questionnaire and explanatory letter were sent to all members of the' Taranaki Livestock ImDrovement Association in August 1972. Ea'ch herd was-identified by. its pennanent code. The questionnaIre, when c'Ompleted, contained data re:lating to each herd on the twenty-ninth ~ay of its spring mating programme; it mcluded the number of CDWS in milk and the herd's level of milk productiDn at that time; the number Df cows which had calve:d during the previDus 4 weeks; the *K. L. Macmillan, M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D., and J. D. Watson, N.Z. Dairy Board, P.O. Box 232, Feilding. tEo D. Fielden, B.V.Sc., B.Agr.Sc., F.R.C.V.S., Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North.
age (2-year-old, 3-year-Dld, and mature cows), and the breed compositiDn of the he'rd (J = Jersey; F = Friesian' F X J includinlg F X (F X J) and J X (F X J) and Dthers); the date Qin which mating cDmmenced; the methods used to' detect cows: in Destrus; and whether pre~mati~g heats were recorded. Specific informatiDn for each cow not mated during the 4~eek period included age, breed, calvmg date, and the reason why the herd owner considered the CDW had not been mated (nurse CDW, late calver, sick, to' be culled, Dr not Dbserved in oestrus). Each he·rd was initially classified into one of nine categories based on the number of cows which had calved and were in milk at the 'end of the fDurth week Df mating. Data relating to' age and breed compositiDn were combined within each herd size category. Each unmated cow was classified into one of three categDries: not observed in oestrus' a late calver
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzv20
The anoestrous syndrome in New Zealand dairy cattle a
K.L. Macmillan M.Agr.Sc. Ph.D. , E.D. Fielden B.V.Sc. B.Agr.Sc. b
F.R.C.V.S. & J.D. Watson a
a
N.Z. Dairy Board , P.O. Box 232, Feilding
b
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North Published online: 23 Feb 2011.
To cite this article: K.L. Macmillan M.Agr.Sc. Ph.D. , E.D. Fielden B.V.Sc. B.Agr.Sc. F.R.C.V.S. & J.D. Watson (1975) The anoestrous syndrome in New Zealand dairy cattle, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 23:1-2, 4-8, DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1975.34181 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1975.34181
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
4
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
VOL. 23
THE ANOESTROUS SYNDROME IN NEW ZEALAND DAIRY CATTLE
2. Some Factors Influencing Submission Rates in Taranaki Herds K. L. MACMILLAN*, E. D. FIELDENt and J. D. WATSON*
Downloaded by [York University Libraries] at 04:46 13 November 2014
INTRODUCTION
IN ORDER to maintain the cDncentrated seasonal calving pattern which is a feature of dairying in New Zealand, herd owners must successfully mate or inseminate a high percentage Qif their cows within a limited mating period. That this does nDt always occur is indicated by the report of Fielden et al. (1973) who found that, among 14 Manawatu and Wairarapa dairy herds, 21 % of the 2-year-Qild CQiWS were nQit inseminated during the first 4 weeks of mating ·even thDugh most of th~;se cows h~d c.aIved at least 60 days pnor to exammatlOn. Over 90% of these unmated 2-year~old cows exhibited an anDestrous syndrome associated with small inactive ovaries. Submission rate has been defined as the percentage of cows mated or inseminated during the first 4 weeks 'Of a herd's mating programme (Macmillan and Watson, 1973). This! paper presents results from an e:xtensive survey undertaken in co-operation with the Taranaki Livestock Improvement Association in 1972. It examines the effects of age breed herd s~ze, the herd's average le~el Df productIon, and methods of oestrous detection on submission rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A questionnaire and explanatory letter were sent to all members of the' Taranaki Livestock ImDrovement Association in August 1972. Ea'ch herd was-identified by. its pennanent code. The questionnaIre, when c'Ompleted, contained data re:lating to each herd on the twenty-ninth ~ay of its spring mating programme; it mcluded the number of CDWS in milk and the herd's level of milk productiDn at that time; the number Df cows which had calve:d during the previDus 4 weeks; the *K. L. Macmillan, M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D., and J. D. Watson, N.Z. Dairy Board, P.O. Box 232, Feilding. tEo D. Fielden, B.V.Sc., B.Agr.Sc., F.R.C.V.S., Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North.
age (2-year-old, 3-year-Dld, and mature cows), and the breed compositiDn of the he'rd (J = Jersey; F = Friesian' F X J includinlg F X (F X J) and J X (F X J) and Dthers); the date Qin which mating cDmmenced; the methods used to' detect cows: in Destrus; and whether pre~mati~g heats were recorded. Specific informatiDn for each cow not mated during the 4~eek period included age, breed, calvmg date, and the reason why the herd owner considered the CDW had not been mated (nurse CDW, late calver, sick, to' be culled, Dr not Dbserved in oestrus). Each he·rd was initially classified into one of nine categories based on the number of cows which had calved and were in milk at the 'end of the fDurth week Df mating. Data relating to' age and breed compositiDn were combined within each herd size category. Each unmated cow was classified into one of three categDries: not observed in oestrus' a late calver
