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The 60 most highly cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine Journal and E-health Azam Askari, Mahdieh Khodaie and Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy J Telemed Telecare 2014 20: 35 originally published online 10 January 2014 DOI: 10.1177/1357633X13519899 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jtt.sagepub.com/content/20/1/35
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RESEARCH/Original article
The 60 most highly cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine Journal and E-health
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2014, Vol. 20(1) 35–43 ! The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1357633X13519899 jtt.sagepub.com
Azam Askari1, Mahdieh Khodaie1 and Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy2
Summary We analysed the most highly cited articles in two specialist telemedicine journals, the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (JTT) and Telemedicine Journal and E-health (TJEH). Articles were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded in September 2012. A total of 1810 articles were listed for the JTT and 1550 for TJEH. In the JTT, the mean number of citations was 43 (SD 13); in TJEH the mean number of citations was 30 (SD 11). The average number of citations for the JTT was significantly higher than for TJEH (P < 0.001). In each journal, the 60 articles which had the most citations were identified as highly cited publications (HCPs). The 60 HCPs in the JTT originated from 16 countries; the 60 HCPs in TJEH originated from 10 countries. Considering both journals together, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK, Australia and Canada. In the JTT, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.6 (SD ¼ 3.1); in TJEH, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.5 (SD ¼ 2.3). There was no difference between the two journals (P ¼ 0.84) and the characteristics of the HCPs published in the JTT and TJEH were broadly similar. Although HCPs are not a direct method of measuring quality, they are an indicator of the scientific impact of the articles. Accepted: 27 November 2013
Introduction There have been major advances in telemedicine and a growth in the number of studies carried out in this field. Thus there is a need for measures of scientific quality in the resulting publications. One index of quality is the number of citations to published articles. A citation occurs when one scientific article (the citing article) uses another (the cited article) as a reference.1 The number of citations received by an article is an indicator of its scientific impact2 and provides a reliable approach for ranking articles.3 The more times a paper is cited, the more valuable is that paper. Highly cited papers (HCPs) have been evaluated in different fields, such as ophthalmology,4 anaesthesia,5 emergency medicine,6 orthopaedics,7 urology,8 rehabilitation,9 obstetrics and gynaecology.10 The aims of an analysis of HCPs are: (1) identifying what research has been done in the field and where it is developing, (2) demonstrating the progress of the literature over time, (3) identifying which areas are recognized as having greater impact, (4) assisting researchers and PhD students to identify new areas of work, (5) identifying authors who have made substantial contributions to the field, (6) determining frequently cited institutions.11–14 It would be useful to know about the characteristics of HCPs in the telemedicine field.
The aim of the present study was to analyse some characteristics of the 60 most cited papers published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (JTT) and Telemedicine Journal and E-health (TJEH). The JTT and TJEH are the only two specialist telemedicine journals which are indexed in the Web of Knowledge.
Methods Articles were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge) on 15 September 2012. The two journal names were searched separately in the Web of Science under ‘‘Publication Name’’ and the results were sorted in order of ‘‘Times Cited’’. In each journal, the 60 articles which had the most citations were identified as HCPs. 1
Medical Informatics Research Centre, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran 2 Research Center for Modelling in Health, Institute of Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Corresponding author: Mahdieh Khodaie, Medical Informatics Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected]
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The HCPs were analysed using a standard package (SPSS version 18) with regard to number of citations, citation rates, year of publication, number of authors, country of origin and category. Citation rate was defined as the number of citations/number of years in print until 2012. Category was determined after evaluating the field of study for each HCP, see Table 1. In articles from multicentre groups, the first author’s information was used to define the country of origin. We examined the trend in citations per year by calculating a regression coefficient for each journal for the period 1998–2008, i.e. the dependent variable was the total number of citations in a year.
Results The total number of articles listed in the Web of Science was 1810 for the JTT and 1550 for TJEH. The evaluated articles were from the period 1998–2012 for the JTT and 2000–2012 for TJEH. The 60 most cited articles from the two journals are listed in Tables 2 and 3. In the JTT, the mean number of citations was 43 (SD 13), range 30–89. In TJEH the mean number of citations was 30 (SD 11), range 19–68. The average number of citations for the JTT was significantly higher than for TJEH (P < 0.001). In the JTT, the total number of citations for the 60 HCPs was 2584. In TJEH, the total number of citations for the 60 HCPs was 1790. Approximately 18% of the 60 HCPs published in the JTT had more than 50 citations, while 6% of the HCPs in TJEH had more than 50 citations.
Table 1. Categories of the highly-cited articles in the two journals. Number of HCPs General Telehome care Telegeriatrics Teledermatology Telemental health Telemonitoring M-health Tele-ophthalmology Telepaediatrics Teleradiology Telerehabilitation Telecardiology Telelaparoscopy Telepathology Telepharmacy Telepulmonary care Teletrauma Telewound care
15 12 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 2. The 60 most cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. Article
No of Citation rate Rank times cited (per year)* Country
Elford15 Miller16 Chen17 Loane18 Jennett19 Loane20 Hailey21 Piccolo22 Trott23 Vassallo24 Doze25 Barlow26 Sixsmith27 Hawker28 Lemaire29 Craig30 Mathie31 Pesamaa32 Taylor33 Taylor34 Hersh35 Bergmo36 Tang37 Harrison38 Loane39 Giovas40 Broens41 Tsang42 Ferrer-Roca43 Chan44 Reponen45 Ball46 Lee47 Simpson48 Oakley49 Whited50 Brennan51 Mairinger52 Ryan53 Loane54 Demiris55 Whitten56 Ruggiero57 DelliFraine58 Frueh59 Martinez60 Elford61 Mair62
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
89 75 74 73 72 69 64 58 57 53 51 48 48 47 46 46 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 44 43 43 42 42 40 39 39 39 37 37 37 37 36 36 34 34 34 34 34 33 33 33 33 33
6.8 6.2 6.7 4.8 7.2 4.6 7.1 4.4 3.8 4.4 3.6 8.0 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.2 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.5 2.8 7.0 3.5 4.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 4.6 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 4.2 8.5 2.6 2.6 2.2 6.6 5.5 4.7 2.7 2.5
Canada USA Australia Northern Ireland Canada Northern Ireland Australia Austria Australia England Canada England England Australia Canada Northern Ireland Australia Finland England England USA Norway England England Australia Greece Netherlands China Spain China Finland England Canada Canada New Zealand USA USA Austria England Australia USA USA Italy USA USA Spain Canada England (continued)
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Table 2. Continued.
Table 3. Continued.
Article
No of Citation rate Rank times cited (per year)* Country
Hailey63 Whitten64 Maiolo65 Demichelis66 Simpson67 Lamminen68 Nordal69 Kunkler70 Aas71 Doolittle72 Doughty73 Karlsten74
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
33 33 32 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 30 30
2.3 2.2 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3
Canada USA Italy Italy Canada Finland Norway Scotland Norway USA England Sweden
*no of citations/years in print until 2012.
Table 3. The 60 most cited articles published in Telemedicine Journal and E-health. Article 75
Williams Krishna76 Noel77 Nelson78 Kobb79 Dansky80 Meystre81 Lymberis82 Krupinski83 Ostojic84 Rialle85 Darkins86 Schofield87 Finkelstein88 Tachakra89 Bouchard90 Whited91 Finkelstein92 Chumbler93 Satava94 Sood95 Brennan96 Grigsby97 Krupinski98 Jan99 Kim100 Bynum101
Rank
No of times cited
Citation rate (per year)*
Country
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
68 61 55 52 50 49 45 43 43 42 40 39 38 35 35 34 34 32 31 31 29 29 29 28 27 27 27
5.6 15.2 6.1 5.2 5.0 4.0 5.6 4.3 3.9 5.2 3.6 7.8 4.7 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.0 4.5 3.4 2.3 4.8 3.2 2.6 2.1 4.5 2.7 2.2
England USA USA USA USA USA USA Belgium USA Croatia France USA USA USA England Canada USA USA USA USA Mauritius USA USA USA Taiwan USA USA (continued)
Article
Rank
No of times cited
Demiris102 Whited103 Abramoff104 Glueckauf105 Aoki106 Bashshur107 Leong108 Whitten109 Pare110 Dang111 Johnston112 Postel113 Whited114 Edwards115 Callas116 Whited117 Winters118 Agha119 Broderick120 Barnard121 Whitten122 Ryan123 Suzuki124 Angood125 Seto126 Lamothe127 Marcin128 Dimmick129 Ricci130 Myers131 Bashshur132 Suzuki133 Bynum134
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
27 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19
Citation rate (per year)* 2.2 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.9 3.4 3.4 2.4 4.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 3.5 2.1 1.7 1.6 4.0 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.8 2.3 2.1 1.9
Country USA USA USA USA USA USA England USA Canada USA USA Netherlands USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA Japan USA Canada Canada USA USA USA USA USA Japan USA
*no of citations/years in print until 2012.
The mean citation rate in the JTT was 42 per year (SD 6), range 35–52. The mean citation rate for TJEH was 33 per year (SD 11), range 25–62. The HCPs in the JTT were from the period 1998–2009. The years with the most HCPs were 1998 and 2000 (23% for each year), see Figure 1. The maximum number of mean citations was in 2003 (mean ¼ 52 per article), see Figure 2. The HCPs in TJEH were from the period 2000–2009. The year with the most HCPs was 2003 (22%), see Figure 1. The maximum number of mean citations was in 2009 (mean ¼ 61 per article), see Figure 2. In the regression models, the coefficient for citations per year was not significant in either journal. In addition, the interaction terms between the name of the journal and year was not significant, which means that the trend of citations in both journals was similar (P ¼ 0.094).
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Figure 1. The number of highly cited papers listed in the two journals.
Figure 2. The mean number of citations for the highly cited papers in the two journals.
The origins of the 60 HCPs in the two journals are shown in Table 4 and 5. The 60 HCPs in the JTT originated from 16 countries; the most common country of origin was England (18%). The 60 HCPs in TJEH originated from 10 countries; the most common country of origin was the US (75%). Considering both journals together, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK, Australia and Canada. These four countries have a population of about 450 million, less than 10% of the world population.
In the JTT, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.6 (SD 3.1), range 1–18. In TJEH, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.5 (SD 2.3), range 1–12. There was no difference between the two journals (P ¼ 0.84). In both journals approximately 58% of the HCPs had 1–4 authors. The total number of categories of HCPs in the JTT and TJEH were 13 and 18 respectively. The most common category of HCPs in both journals was ‘‘General’’ (approximately 19 in the JTT and 15 in
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Table 4. Country of origin of HCPs in the JTT. Country
Number
Percent
England USA Australia Canada Finland Italy Northern Ireland Norway Rest of the world Total
11 10 9 7 3 3 3 3 9 60
18 17 15 12 5 5 5 5 15 100
Furthermore, the citation count recorded by the Science Citation Index included self-citations; we do not know whether this is a source of bias. Second, the list of HCPs is not static, and will change with time. Third, we did not consider HCPs published in non-specialist journals. In future, a similar analysis could be carried out more widely to produce further data about highly cited articles in the field of telemedicine. In summary, although analysis of citations is not a direct method of measuring the quality of published articles, it can identify – for authors and editors of journals, and others – the most highly cited papers in the two journals.8,135 References
Table 5. Country of origin of HCPs in TJEH. Country
Number
Percent
USA Canada England Japan Rest of the world Total
45 4 3 2 6 60
75 7 5 3 10 100
Table 6. The three most common categories of the 60 HCPs in the JTT and TJEH. JTT
Number Percent TJEH
Number Percent
General
19
32
General
15
25
Teledermatology 10 Telepsychiatry 10
17 17
Telehome care 12 Telemental health 4
20 7
TJEH). The three most common categories of the HCPs published in the two journals are summarised in Table 6.
Discussion The present study identified the 60 most highly cited articles published in the two specialist, peer-reviewed telemedicine journals. The characteristics of the HCPs published in the JTT and TJEH were broadly similar. For example, there was no significant difference in terms of the number of authors. Also in both journals, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK and Canada. Furthermore, the most frequent category in both journals was the same (General). The number of citations per year did not exhibit any obvious trend. In most years the mean number of citation per year in the JTT was slightly higher than in TJEH (P < 0.001). The present study had certain limitations. First, citations in textbooks and lectures were not considered.
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77. Noel HC, Vogel DC, Erdos JJ, Cornwall D, Levin F. Home telehealth reduces healthcare costs. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:170–83. 78. Nelson EL, Barnard M, Cain S. Treating childhood depression over videoconferencing. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:49–55. 79. Kobb R, Hoffman N, Lodge R, Kline S. Enhancing elder chronic care through technology and care coordination: report from a pilot. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:189–95. 80. Dansky KH, Palmer L, Shea D, Bowles KH. Cost analysis of telehomecare. Telemed J E Health 2001;7:225–32. 81. Meystre S. The current state of telemonitoring: a comment on the literature. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:63–9. 82. Lymberis A, Olsson S. Intelligent biomedical clothing for personal health and disease management: state of the art and future vision. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:379–86. 83. Krupinski E, Nypaver M, Poropatich R, Ellis D, Safwat R, Sapci H. Telemedicine/telehealth: an international perspective. Clinical applications in telemedicine/telehealth. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:13–34. 84. Ostojic V, Cvoriscec B, Ostojic SB, Reznikoff D, StipicMarkovic A, Tudjman Z. Improving asthma control through telemedicine: a study of short-message service. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:28–35. 85. Rialle V, Duchene F, Noury N, Bajolle L, Demongeot J. Health ‘‘Smart’’ home: information technology for patients at home. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:395–409. 86. Darkins A, Ryan P, Kobb R, et al. Care Coordination/ Home Telehealth: the systematic implementation of health informatics, home telehealth, and disease management to support the care of veteran patients with chronic conditions. Telemed J E Health 2008;14:1118–26. 87. Schofield RS, Kline SE, Schmalfuss CM, et al. Early outcomes of a care coordination-enhanced telehome care program for elderly veterans with chronic heart failure. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:20–7. 88. Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Demiris G, Veen M, Lundgren JM, Potthoff S. Telehomecare: quality, perception, satisfaction. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:122–8. 89. Tachakra S, Wang XH, Istepanian RS, Song YH. Mobile e-health: the unwired evolution of telemedicine. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:247–57. 90. Bouchard S, Paquin B, Payeur R, et al. Delivering cognitivebehavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in videoconference. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:13–25. 91. Whited JD, Hall RP, Foy ME, et al. Teledermatology’s impact on time to intervention among referrals to a dermatology consult service. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:313–21. 92. Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemed J E Health 2006;12:128–36. 93. Chumbler NR, Mann WC, Wu S, Schmid A, Kobb R. The association of home-telehealth use and care coordination with improvement of functional and cognitive functioning in frail elderly men. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:129–37. 94. Satava R, Angood PB, Harnett B, Macedonia C, Merrell R. The physiologic cipher at altitude: telemedicine and realtime monitoring of climbers on Mount Everest. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:303–13. 95. Sood S, Mbarika V, Jugoo S, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E Health 2007;13:573–90.
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96. Brennan DM, Georgeadis AC, Baron CR, Barker LM. The effect of videoconference-based telerehabilitation on story retelling performance by brain-injured subjects and its implications for remote speech-language therapy. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:147–54. 97. Grigsby J, Rigby M, Hiemstra A, House M, Olsson S, Whitten P. Telemedicine/telehealth: an international perspective. The diffusion of telemedicine. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:79–94. 98. Krupinski E, Gonzales M, Gonzales C, Weinstein RS. Evaluation of a digital camera for acquiring radiographic images for telemedicine applications. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:297–302. 99. Jan RL, Wang JY, Huang MC, Tseng SM, Su HJ, Liu LF. An internet-based interactive telemonitoring system for improving childhood asthma outcomes in Taiwan. Telemed J E Health 2007;13:257–68. 100. Kim HM, Lowery JC, Hamill JB, Wilkins EG. Accuracy of a web-based system for monitoring chronic wounds. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:129–40. 101. Bynum A, Hopkins D, Thomas A, Copeland N, Irwin C. The effect of telepharmacy counseling on metered-dose inhaler technique among adolescents with asthma in rural Arkansas. Telemed J E Health 2001;7:207–17. 102. Demiris G, Speedie SM, Finkelstein S. Change of patients’ perceptions of TeleHomeCare. Telemed J E Health 2001;7:241–8. 103. Whited JD, Datta S, Hall RP, et al. An economic analysis of a store and forward teledermatology consult system. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:351–60. 104. Abramoff MD, Suttorp-Schulten MS. Web-based screening for diabetic retinopathy in a primary care population: the EyeCheck project. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:668–74. 105. Glueckauf RL, Ketterson TU, Loomis JS, Dages P. Online support and education for dementia caregivers: overview, utilization, and initial program evaluation. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:223–32. 106. Aoki N, Dunn K, Johnson-Throop KA, Turley JP. Outcomes and methods in telemedicine evaluation. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:393–401. 107. Bashshur RL. Telemedicine/telehealth: an international perspective. Telemedicine and health care. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:5–12. 108. Leong FJ, Graham AK, Schwarzmann P, McGee JO. Clinical trial of telepathology as an alternative modality in breast histopathology quality assurance. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:373–7. 109. Whitten PS, Mair F. Telemedicine and patient satisfaction: current status and future directions. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:417–23. 110. Pare´ G, Sicotte C, St-Jules D, Gauthier R. Cost-minimization analysis of a telehomecare program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health 2006;12:114–21. 111. Dang S, Ma F, Nedd N, Aguilar EJ, Roos BA. Differential resource utilization benefits with Internet-based care coordination in elderly veterans with chronic diseases associated with high resource utilization. Telemed J E Health 2006;12:14–23. 112. Johnston KC, Worrall BB. Teleradiology Assessment of Computerized Tomographs Online Reliability Study (TRACTORS) for acute stroke evaluation. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:227–33.
113. Postel MG, de Haan HA, De Jong CA. E-therapy for mental health problems: a systematic review. Telemed J E Health 2008;14:707–14. 114. Whited JD, Hall RP, Foy ME, et al. Patient and clinician satisfaction with a store-and-forward teledermatology consult system. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:422–31. 115. Edwards MA, Patel AC. Telemedicine in the state of Maine: a model for growth driven by rural needs. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:25–39. 116. Callas PW, Ricci MA, Caputo MP. Improved rural provider access to continuing medical education through interactive videoconferencing. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:393–9. 117. Whited JD, Datta SK, Aiello LM, et al. A modeled economic analysis of a digital tele-ophthalmology system as used by three federal health care agencies for detecting proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:641–51. 118. Winters JM, Winters JM. A telehomecare model for optimizing rehabilitation outcomes. Telemed J E Health 2004;10:200–12. 119. Agha Z, Schapira RM, Maker AH. Cost effectiveness of telemedicine for the delivery of outpatient pulmonary care to a rural population. Telemed J E Health 2002;8:281–91. 120. Broderick TJ, Harnett BM, Merriam NR, Kapoor V, Doarn CR, Merrell RC. Impact of varying transmission bandwidth on image quality. Telemed J E Health 2001;7:47–53. 121. Barnard CM, Goldyne ME. Evaluation of an asynchronous teleconsultation system for diagnosis of skin cancer and other skin diseases. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:379–84. 122. Whitten P, Buis L. Private payer reimbursement for telemedicine services in the United States. Telemed J E Health 2007;13:15–23. 123. Ryan P, Kobb R, Hilsen P. Making the right connection: matching patients to technology. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:81–8. 124. Suzuki R, Ogawa M, Tobimatsu Y, Iwaya T. Time-course action analysis of daily life investigations in the Welfare Techno House in Mizusawa. Telemed J E Health 2001;7:249–59. 125. Angood PB, Satava R, Doarn C, et al. Telemedicine at the top of the world: the 1998 and 1999 Everest extreme expeditions. Telemed J E Health 2000;6:315–25. 126. Seto E. Cost comparison between telemonitoring and usual care of heart failure: a systematic review. Telemed J E Health 2008;14:679–86. 127. Lamothe L, Fortin JP, Labbe´ F, Gagnon MP, Messikh D. Impacts of telehomecare on patients, providers, and organizations. Telemed J E Health 2006;12:363–9. 128. Marcin JP, Nesbitt TS, Cole SL, et al. Changes in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical improvement among patients receiving telemedicine consultations. Telemed J E Health 2005;11:36–43. 129. Dimmick SL, Burgiss SG, Robbins S, Black D, Jarnagin B, Anders M. Outcomes of an integrated telehealth network demonstration project. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:13–23. 130. Ricci MA, Caputo M, Amour J, et al. Telemedicine reduces discrepancies in rural trauma care. Telemed J E Health 2003;9:3–11.
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The 60 most highly cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine Journal and E-health Azam Askari, Mahdieh Khodaie and Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy J Telemed Telecare 2014 20: 35 originally published online 10 January 2014 DOI: 10.1177/1357633X13519899 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jtt.sagepub.com/content/20/1/35
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RESEARCH/Original article
The 60 most highly cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine Journal and E-health
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2014, Vol. 20(1) 35–43 ! The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1357633X13519899 jtt.sagepub.com
Azam Askari1, Mahdieh Khodaie1 and Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy2
Summary We analysed the most highly cited articles in two specialist telemedicine journals, the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (JTT) and Telemedicine Journal and E-health (TJEH). Articles were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded in September 2012. A total of 1810 articles were listed for the JTT and 1550 for TJEH. In the JTT, the mean number of citations was 43 (SD 13); in TJEH the mean number of citations was 30 (SD 11). The average number of citations for the JTT was significantly higher than for TJEH (P < 0.001). In each journal, the 60 articles which had the most citations were identified as highly cited publications (HCPs). The 60 HCPs in the JTT originated from 16 countries; the 60 HCPs in TJEH originated from 10 countries. Considering both journals together, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK, Australia and Canada. In the JTT, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.6 (SD ¼ 3.1); in TJEH, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.5 (SD ¼ 2.3). There was no difference between the two journals (P ¼ 0.84) and the characteristics of the HCPs published in the JTT and TJEH were broadly similar. Although HCPs are not a direct method of measuring quality, they are an indicator of the scientific impact of the articles. Accepted: 27 November 2013
Introduction There have been major advances in telemedicine and a growth in the number of studies carried out in this field. Thus there is a need for measures of scientific quality in the resulting publications. One index of quality is the number of citations to published articles. A citation occurs when one scientific article (the citing article) uses another (the cited article) as a reference.1 The number of citations received by an article is an indicator of its scientific impact2 and provides a reliable approach for ranking articles.3 The more times a paper is cited, the more valuable is that paper. Highly cited papers (HCPs) have been evaluated in different fields, such as ophthalmology,4 anaesthesia,5 emergency medicine,6 orthopaedics,7 urology,8 rehabilitation,9 obstetrics and gynaecology.10 The aims of an analysis of HCPs are: (1) identifying what research has been done in the field and where it is developing, (2) demonstrating the progress of the literature over time, (3) identifying which areas are recognized as having greater impact, (4) assisting researchers and PhD students to identify new areas of work, (5) identifying authors who have made substantial contributions to the field, (6) determining frequently cited institutions.11–14 It would be useful to know about the characteristics of HCPs in the telemedicine field.
The aim of the present study was to analyse some characteristics of the 60 most cited papers published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (JTT) and Telemedicine Journal and E-health (TJEH). The JTT and TJEH are the only two specialist telemedicine journals which are indexed in the Web of Knowledge.
Methods Articles were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge) on 15 September 2012. The two journal names were searched separately in the Web of Science under ‘‘Publication Name’’ and the results were sorted in order of ‘‘Times Cited’’. In each journal, the 60 articles which had the most citations were identified as HCPs. 1
Medical Informatics Research Centre, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran 2 Research Center for Modelling in Health, Institute of Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Corresponding author: Mahdieh Khodaie, Medical Informatics Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected]
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The HCPs were analysed using a standard package (SPSS version 18) with regard to number of citations, citation rates, year of publication, number of authors, country of origin and category. Citation rate was defined as the number of citations/number of years in print until 2012. Category was determined after evaluating the field of study for each HCP, see Table 1. In articles from multicentre groups, the first author’s information was used to define the country of origin. We examined the trend in citations per year by calculating a regression coefficient for each journal for the period 1998–2008, i.e. the dependent variable was the total number of citations in a year.
Results The total number of articles listed in the Web of Science was 1810 for the JTT and 1550 for TJEH. The evaluated articles were from the period 1998–2012 for the JTT and 2000–2012 for TJEH. The 60 most cited articles from the two journals are listed in Tables 2 and 3. In the JTT, the mean number of citations was 43 (SD 13), range 30–89. In TJEH the mean number of citations was 30 (SD 11), range 19–68. The average number of citations for the JTT was significantly higher than for TJEH (P < 0.001). In the JTT, the total number of citations for the 60 HCPs was 2584. In TJEH, the total number of citations for the 60 HCPs was 1790. Approximately 18% of the 60 HCPs published in the JTT had more than 50 citations, while 6% of the HCPs in TJEH had more than 50 citations.
Table 1. Categories of the highly-cited articles in the two journals. Number of HCPs General Telehome care Telegeriatrics Teledermatology Telemental health Telemonitoring M-health Tele-ophthalmology Telepaediatrics Teleradiology Telerehabilitation Telecardiology Telelaparoscopy Telepathology Telepharmacy Telepulmonary care Teletrauma Telewound care
15 12 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 2. The 60 most cited articles published in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. Article
No of Citation rate Rank times cited (per year)* Country
Elford15 Miller16 Chen17 Loane18 Jennett19 Loane20 Hailey21 Piccolo22 Trott23 Vassallo24 Doze25 Barlow26 Sixsmith27 Hawker28 Lemaire29 Craig30 Mathie31 Pesamaa32 Taylor33 Taylor34 Hersh35 Bergmo36 Tang37 Harrison38 Loane39 Giovas40 Broens41 Tsang42 Ferrer-Roca43 Chan44 Reponen45 Ball46 Lee47 Simpson48 Oakley49 Whited50 Brennan51 Mairinger52 Ryan53 Loane54 Demiris55 Whitten56 Ruggiero57 DelliFraine58 Frueh59 Martinez60 Elford61 Mair62
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
89 75 74 73 72 69 64 58 57 53 51 48 48 47 46 46 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 44 43 43 42 42 40 39 39 39 37 37 37 37 36 36 34 34 34 34 34 33 33 33 33 33
6.8 6.2 6.7 4.8 7.2 4.6 7.1 4.4 3.8 4.4 3.6 8.0 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.2 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.5 2.8 7.0 3.5 4.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 4.6 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 4.2 8.5 2.6 2.6 2.2 6.6 5.5 4.7 2.7 2.5
Canada USA Australia Northern Ireland Canada Northern Ireland Australia Austria Australia England Canada England England Australia Canada Northern Ireland Australia Finland England England USA Norway England England Australia Greece Netherlands China Spain China Finland England Canada Canada New Zealand USA USA Austria England Australia USA USA Italy USA USA Spain Canada England (continued)
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Table 2. Continued.
Table 3. Continued.
Article
No of Citation rate Rank times cited (per year)* Country
Hailey63 Whitten64 Maiolo65 Demichelis66 Simpson67 Lamminen68 Nordal69 Kunkler70 Aas71 Doolittle72 Doughty73 Karlsten74
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
33 33 32 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 30 30
2.3 2.2 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3
Canada USA Italy Italy Canada Finland Norway Scotland Norway USA England Sweden
*no of citations/years in print until 2012.
Table 3. The 60 most cited articles published in Telemedicine Journal and E-health. Article 75
Williams Krishna76 Noel77 Nelson78 Kobb79 Dansky80 Meystre81 Lymberis82 Krupinski83 Ostojic84 Rialle85 Darkins86 Schofield87 Finkelstein88 Tachakra89 Bouchard90 Whited91 Finkelstein92 Chumbler93 Satava94 Sood95 Brennan96 Grigsby97 Krupinski98 Jan99 Kim100 Bynum101
Rank
No of times cited
Citation rate (per year)*
Country
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
68 61 55 52 50 49 45 43 43 42 40 39 38 35 35 34 34 32 31 31 29 29 29 28 27 27 27
5.6 15.2 6.1 5.2 5.0 4.0 5.6 4.3 3.9 5.2 3.6 7.8 4.7 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.0 4.5 3.4 2.3 4.8 3.2 2.6 2.1 4.5 2.7 2.2
England USA USA USA USA USA USA Belgium USA Croatia France USA USA USA England Canada USA USA USA USA Mauritius USA USA USA Taiwan USA USA (continued)
Article
Rank
No of times cited
Demiris102 Whited103 Abramoff104 Glueckauf105 Aoki106 Bashshur107 Leong108 Whitten109 Pare110 Dang111 Johnston112 Postel113 Whited114 Edwards115 Callas116 Whited117 Winters118 Agha119 Broderick120 Barnard121 Whitten122 Ryan123 Suzuki124 Angood125 Seto126 Lamothe127 Marcin128 Dimmick129 Ricci130 Myers131 Bashshur132 Suzuki133 Bynum134
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
27 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19
Citation rate (per year)* 2.2 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.9 3.4 3.4 2.4 4.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 3.5 2.1 1.7 1.6 4.0 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.8 2.3 2.1 1.9
Country USA USA USA USA USA USA England USA Canada USA USA Netherlands USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA Japan USA Canada Canada USA USA USA USA USA Japan USA
*no of citations/years in print until 2012.
The mean citation rate in the JTT was 42 per year (SD 6), range 35–52. The mean citation rate for TJEH was 33 per year (SD 11), range 25–62. The HCPs in the JTT were from the period 1998–2009. The years with the most HCPs were 1998 and 2000 (23% for each year), see Figure 1. The maximum number of mean citations was in 2003 (mean ¼ 52 per article), see Figure 2. The HCPs in TJEH were from the period 2000–2009. The year with the most HCPs was 2003 (22%), see Figure 1. The maximum number of mean citations was in 2009 (mean ¼ 61 per article), see Figure 2. In the regression models, the coefficient for citations per year was not significant in either journal. In addition, the interaction terms between the name of the journal and year was not significant, which means that the trend of citations in both journals was similar (P ¼ 0.094).
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Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 20(1)
Figure 1. The number of highly cited papers listed in the two journals.
Figure 2. The mean number of citations for the highly cited papers in the two journals.
The origins of the 60 HCPs in the two journals are shown in Table 4 and 5. The 60 HCPs in the JTT originated from 16 countries; the most common country of origin was England (18%). The 60 HCPs in TJEH originated from 10 countries; the most common country of origin was the US (75%). Considering both journals together, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK, Australia and Canada. These four countries have a population of about 450 million, less than 10% of the world population.
In the JTT, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.6 (SD 3.1), range 1–18. In TJEH, the mean number of authors for each HCP was 4.5 (SD 2.3), range 1–12. There was no difference between the two journals (P ¼ 0.84). In both journals approximately 58% of the HCPs had 1–4 authors. The total number of categories of HCPs in the JTT and TJEH were 13 and 18 respectively. The most common category of HCPs in both journals was ‘‘General’’ (approximately 19 in the JTT and 15 in
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Table 4. Country of origin of HCPs in the JTT. Country
Number
Percent
England USA Australia Canada Finland Italy Northern Ireland Norway Rest of the world Total
11 10 9 7 3 3 3 3 9 60
18 17 15 12 5 5 5 5 15 100
Furthermore, the citation count recorded by the Science Citation Index included self-citations; we do not know whether this is a source of bias. Second, the list of HCPs is not static, and will change with time. Third, we did not consider HCPs published in non-specialist journals. In future, a similar analysis could be carried out more widely to produce further data about highly cited articles in the field of telemedicine. In summary, although analysis of citations is not a direct method of measuring the quality of published articles, it can identify – for authors and editors of journals, and others – the most highly cited papers in the two journals.8,135 References
Table 5. Country of origin of HCPs in TJEH. Country
Number
Percent
USA Canada England Japan Rest of the world Total
45 4 3 2 6 60
75 7 5 3 10 100
Table 6. The three most common categories of the 60 HCPs in the JTT and TJEH. JTT
Number Percent TJEH
Number Percent
General
19
32
General
15
25
Teledermatology 10 Telepsychiatry 10
17 17
Telehome care 12 Telemental health 4
20 7
TJEH). The three most common categories of the HCPs published in the two journals are summarised in Table 6.
Discussion The present study identified the 60 most highly cited articles published in the two specialist, peer-reviewed telemedicine journals. The characteristics of the HCPs published in the JTT and TJEH were broadly similar. For example, there was no significant difference in terms of the number of authors. Also in both journals, the majority of HCPs came from the US, UK and Canada. Furthermore, the most frequent category in both journals was the same (General). The number of citations per year did not exhibit any obvious trend. In most years the mean number of citation per year in the JTT was slightly higher than in TJEH (P < 0.001). The present study had certain limitations. First, citations in textbooks and lectures were not considered.
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