nutrients Article
Sun Exposure Guidelines and Serum Vitamin D Status in Denmark: The StatusD Study Louise Hansen 1, *, Anne Tjønneland 1 , Brian Køster 2 , Christine Brot 3 , Rikke Andersen 4 , Marika Lundqvist 5 , Jane Christensen 6 and Anja Olsen 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
*
Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (A.O.) Department of Prevention and Information, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] Danish Health Authority, Health Promotion, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark; [email protected] Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Research Group for Risk-Benefit, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark; [email protected] Statens Serum Institute, Department of Congenital Disorders, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark; [email protected] Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-35-25-76-02; Fax: +45-35-27-18-11
Received: 17 February 2016; Accepted: 2 May 2016; Published: 5 May 2016
Abstract: Little is known on how vitamin D status is affected by adherence to UVB-limiting sun exposure guidelines. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between adherence to the Danish sun exposure guidelines and vitamin D status. In total, 3194 Danes (2625 adults, 569 children) were recruited among the general population, and more than 92% had blood samples taken both autumn and spring. Using linear regression, we associated serum vitamin D concentrations to questionnaire responses on: seeking shade, wearing a sunhat, wearing protective clothing or using sunscreen. The odds ratio (OR) of either low (
Sun Exposure Guidelines and Serum Vitamin D Status in Denmark: The StatusD Study Louise Hansen 1, *, Anne Tjønneland 1 , Brian Køster 2 , Christine Brot 3 , Rikke Andersen 4 , Marika Lundqvist 5 , Jane Christensen 6 and Anja Olsen 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
*
Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (A.O.) Department of Prevention and Information, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] Danish Health Authority, Health Promotion, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark; [email protected] Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Research Group for Risk-Benefit, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark; [email protected] Statens Serum Institute, Department of Congenital Disorders, Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark; [email protected] Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-35-25-76-02; Fax: +45-35-27-18-11
Received: 17 February 2016; Accepted: 2 May 2016; Published: 5 May 2016
Abstract: Little is known on how vitamin D status is affected by adherence to UVB-limiting sun exposure guidelines. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between adherence to the Danish sun exposure guidelines and vitamin D status. In total, 3194 Danes (2625 adults, 569 children) were recruited among the general population, and more than 92% had blood samples taken both autumn and spring. Using linear regression, we associated serum vitamin D concentrations to questionnaire responses on: seeking shade, wearing a sunhat, wearing protective clothing or using sunscreen. The odds ratio (OR) of either low (
