15

Studies and

on Bonding Thermo-Setting

Strength Resin

between CHPMA Treated Alloys for Crown and Bridge Works by

Minoru

NISI7IYAMA,*

Tomokazu

Yoji YOSIIIMIIZU,*

Takaaki

KODAKI,*

Keiichi

KINOSHITA* and

MURAKAMI*

Naotomo

ISIIIBE*

Introduction

Facing resins having no adhesive properties to alloys have to depend on mechanical retention devices set on casting surface of crown and bridge. Therefore, it is natural that a direct bonding method between alloys and facing resins is being urgently required. The authors, in the previous Report [3], trying bonding between alloys and facing resins by using 3-chloro 2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate (CHPMA) which was said to have preferable adhesive properties to glasses and metals [1-4] , performed the bonding strength test between CHPMA treated alloys and methacrylate resin (selfcuring) to adhesive good results. Then in the present studies, the authors examine the bonding strength between thermo-setting resin and palladium alloy, and gold alloy. Experimental Methods 1) As substrates, palladium alloy (Sankin Palatop 20, Sankin Industry Co., Ltd.) and gold alloy (PGA 13, Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd.), respectively cast into prescribed dimensions in accordance with normal methods, are used (Fig. 1). Substrate surface is in the following three states : casting and not polished (cast surface);

A:

substrate

B:CHPMA

treated

C:thermo-setting D:brass piece Fig. 1 *西 Nihon

山 實

,小

滝 友 一,村

University

School

Test

上 恵 一,吉 of

Dentistry,

piece

for measuring

水 陽 二,木 Tokyo

下 孝 昭,石 (Director;

surface resin

bonding

strength

辺 尚 朋:Departmemt Setsuo

Higashi)

of Dentatal

Matertats,

16

Cast

surface

#600

Lapping

Fig. 2 polished

with

pension 2)

#600

carborundum

(Lapping).

With

a

Fig.

small

edulcorated

by

temperature

paper

2

brush,

alcohol

shows

and

roughness

is

with

substrate

to

to

be

0.3p

(alumina

sus-

surface.

(0.03g/cm2)

beforehand,

(treatment

surface

polished

of

applied

exsiccated

furnace

of substrate

(#600);

the

CHPMA and

control

Roughness

the

substrate

heat-treated

temperature:

120•Ž

in ,

surface,

the

automatic

treatment

time:

10

minutes)[3]. 3)

After

MFG. to

be

4)

the LTD.)

a test

piece,

The

test

after

being

(Fig.

1).

left In

to

treatment

is piled 2mm

piece

up in

is made

in the

and get

an

, on

thermo-setting

the

surface

thickness, to

room

to

adhere

to

speed

arithmetic

IS

Relationship Table

3

&

i)

4

show

the

Palladium Cast

after

a

cured

stored

in

piece

, the

is used

the

37•Ž

and

bonding

adhesive

strength

load

Dental is finished

.

cyanoacrylate

with

the

Shofu

furnace,

water

with

hour

Again,

(Plastique, in

cell

100kg,

measurement

, and

is measured load

is carried

speed out

five

mean.

between

1 shows

be

an

5000

1 mm/min.

Results 1)

be

for

autograph

chart

resin

to

a brass

temperature

measurement,

1 mm/min., times

surface

Co.,

the

substrate test

and

Discussion

surface

state

methods

relationship

(surface

between

the

and

bonding

treatment, substrate

strength

storage surface

time

and

in

water).

Figs.

bonding

strength.

day

82.4kg/cm2

alloy surface

week,

:

The

while,

treated

the

one

shows

non-treated

one

86.2kg/cm2 shows

after

a

respectively

and

18.2kg/cm2

and

16.7

kg/cm2. #600: week,

The

while Lapping

a the

week, test.

while

the :

treated

on

shows

non-treated

one

The

one

the

treated non-treated

75.2kg/cm2 shows14.8 shows

one

is

after kg/cm2

13.3 unable

kg/cm2 to

be

a and

day

and

67.7kg/cm2

13.5kg/cm2

after measured,

a day

and resin

after

respectively. 12 .2kg/cm2 falling

off

after during

a

17

Table

1.

Test method

Fig. 3

of treatment

on the substrate

surface

and storage

in water.

Relationship between Cord (Table 1) and bonding strength. (substrate: palladium alloy)

ii) Gold alloy Cast surface : The treated one shows 76.8 kg/cm2 after a day and 65.7 kg/cm2 after a week, while the non-treated one show respectively 16.1 kg/cm2 and 10.5 kg/cm2.

18

Fig. 4

#600: week,

The

while

treated

the

week,

while

one

shows

non-treated

one

The

one

Lapping: a

Relationship between Cord (Table 1) and bonding strength. (substrate: gold alloy)

treated

the

71.3 shows

kg/cm2

shows

non-treated

after

a

respectively 14.3

one,

like

9.5

kg/cm2 the

day

and

kg/cm2

after

a day

palladium

67.4 and and

alloy

kg/cm2

9.7 10.2

case,

after

kg/cm2 kg/cm2

is

a

. after

unable

to

be

measured. From treated It

the

shows

is also

but

made

the

with

the

to

i)

cast

it is made low

surface

show

menbrane

form

0

of

out

bonding

and

that

in

strength

#600

approximately

show 80%

side

Change

water

of 5 & for

Palladium Cast

bond

between of

hydrogen the

mechanical

Figs. 37•Ž

above, 80%

mechanism

oxide

and

2)

that ones

adhesion

: the

to

shown

both

as

alloy

cases,

compared

almost

the

low

bonding

and

alloys

with

same

the the

bonding

strength

non-

treated. strength,

as

compared

former.

reacting

due

out

Lapping

The lows

results approximately

bond chain

the

bonding

strength

6

the

90

show

surface [5];

and

with

CHPMA

alloy

due

oxygen alloy with

change

to or

-OH

the

of

can the

dipole-ion

metallic

ion

be

side interaction

of

the

in

case

presumed

chain

alloy

of

as

between surface

fol-

CHPMA -OH [5];

and

surface. time

of

and

passage

bonding

strength

test

pieces

stored

in

days.

alloy surface

shows

67.3

kg/cm2

after

30

days

and

51.0

kg/cm2

after

90

days,

19

Fig.

5.

Relationship alloy,

Fig.

6.

Relationship storage

between

storage

in

between

in water

time

waterat

at

and

bonding

strength

(substrate:

bonding

strength

(substrate:gold

palladium

37℃)

time

and

alloy,

37℃)

while #600 shows respectively 59.2 kg/cm2 and 46.8 kg/cm2, each showing a tendency to decrease in the bonding strength, by approximately 20% after 30 days and 40% after 90 days, as compared with the values after a day. Lapping shows 9.8 kg/cm2 after 30 days and 6.1 kg/cm2 after 90 days, respectively some 25% and 55% decreases as compared with the one after a day. ii) Gold alloy Cast surface shows 65.3 kg/cm2 after 30 days and 53.4 kg/cm2 after 90 days, while #600 shows respectively 61.2 kg/cm2 and 49.8 kg/cm2, each showing a tendency to decrease in the bonding strength by approximately 15% after 30 days and 30% after 90 days as compared with ones after a day. Lapping shows 10.2 kg/cm2 after 30 days and 8.3 kg/cm2 after 90 days, respectively some 30% and 40% decreases as compared with the one after a day.

20

From

the

according

results

to

even

after

ing

between

after

a

the

90

shown

time

days,

it

alloys long

absorption

can

be

and

it

but

from

said

is

in

the

thermo-setting

made

out

the

that

the

thermo-setting

storage of

above,

passage,

fact

present

can

be

used

the to

in

the

bonding

test

strength

pieces

is

Again,

considered

resin

the no

method

resins.

water

that

that

have

much

be

adherence

promising

decrease

in

much

present

decreases

lost

related

studies,

for

bonding with but

bondstrength

it

the is

water

not

identi-

fied. 3)

Observation As

is

of

the

proved

that

while

in

bonding

result

the

of

failure

surface

observation

both

in

Lapping

of

cast

the

surface

case,

it

is

failure

and the

surface

#600

mixure

in

cases, of

the

the

bonding

failure

cohesive

is

failure

strength all

and

test

cohesive

it

failure,

interface

failure.

Summary The

authors

palladium

measure

alloy

1)

In

can

be

case

and

the

seen,

Lapping two.

2)

The

test

pieces

after

90

stored

is

cast

strength

strength

are

obtain

a

37•Ž

or the

small

#600,

preferable

cast

adhesive

bonding

some

to

but

and

as

decrease

as and

properties

strength.

20%,

surface

resin

results.

same

by

tendency

water,

thermo-setting

following

surface

is

shows

in

between

the

approximately

bonding

bonding

strength

and

surface

showing

the

bonding

alloy,

substrate each

case,

mer

the

gold

But

compared

time

goes

#600

show

in

with

on 40

the

the

in

for-

case

the

kg/cm2

even

the

chain

days.

References [1]

MIYAZAKI, (Part

[2]

Usui, dental

[3]

1); T.:

[5]

J.

on

VOYUTSKII,

et J.

M., Nihon S.S. Kyoto,

Studies

on

polymeric

30,

4,

330-333,

No.

application

Materials;

M., resin;

NISHIYAMA.

kankokai,

al.: Vol.

Studies

NISHIYAMA.

resin;

et

restorative

acrylate [4]

K., JDMA,

of

methyl

JADM,

Vol.

al.:

Studies

on

bonding

Nihon

Univ.

Sch.

Dent.,

et

al.:

Univ.

Effect Sch.

(translated (1968).

of Dent., by

monomer

NAMIKI,

methacrylate 31,

No.

a functional

on 18, M.,

with

2,

strength Vol.

CHPMA Vol.

with

group

in

side

(1973).

32-45, between

17,

No.

physical

No.

1,

OHAMA,

4,

functional

CHPMA 108-114,

properties

7-14, Y.):

group

in

side

chain

to

(1974). treated

alloys

and

meth-

(1975). and

adhesive

properties

of fluid

(1976). Adhesion

and

Autohesion;

Kobunshi-