Int J Adolesc Med Health 2015; 27(3): 341–348
Md Dilshad Manzar, Wassilatul Zannat, Manpreet Kaur and M. Ejaz Hussain*
Sleep in university students across years of university education and gender influences Abstract Purpose: Assessment of the influence of gender and increasing years at university on sleep health of students. Methods: Four hundred and eighteen students from different streams across years of undergraduate to postgraduate courses participated. Descriptive statistics, test of differences, and correlation were used. The sleep health data comprised of subjective evaluation using a questionnaire and personal interviews. Results: Overall, 43.1% had sleep problems, females were more affected (51.67% vs. 48.33% in males) but were early bed goers. The prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorder (11.6% vs. 9.5%) and delayed sleep phase syndrome (4.5% vs. 2.7%) was slightly higher in males. The daytime dysfunction and hypnotic use significantly differed in students of the same class among gender. Bedtime got significantly delayed along years [H(2) = 29.769, p 5) was 43.1%. 38.2%, 21.5%, and 19.2% reported values in a 2–3 range on a scale of 0–3 (best-worse) for sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction, respectively. Students, 16.5%, self-rated their subjective sleep quality to be fairly-very bad. A total of 5.1% had used hypnotics for sleep management at least once during the previous month. The majority of the students (54.8%) reported bedtime between 00:00 and 04:00 h. A total of 47.4% reported habitual total sleep time of ≤ 6 h, and 27.8% were sleep deprived. Of the students, 10.3% had circadian rhythm sleep problems, out of which 3.59% met the criteria of delayed sleep phase syndrome.
Gender The overall sleep problem prevalence was slightly higher among females (51.67%) than males (48.33%). Male students, 60.1%, reported bedtime ≥ 02:00 h compared to 51.8% of females. CRSD was also slightly higher in males (11.6% vs. 9.5%). The prevalence of DSPS in male was nearly twice as much as in females (4.5% vs. 2.7%). There was no significant difference among genders (total sample) for any of the seven sleep parameters represented by the PSQI components. Gender differences were seen in sleep parameters among students of the same class. The hypnotic use was higher in 2nd year males than females (13.9% vs. 4.9%), U = 2692.5, p = 0.059. The day dysfunction was higher in 3rd year males than the female students of the same class (50% vs. 27%), U = 2080, p = 0.054. TTB, TST, and SE did not have significant differences among genders in the entire sample or in the students of the same class. The CRSD prevalence was significantly different among genders only in 1st year students, 17.2% in males and 4.7% in females (U = 1623, p = 0.025).
PSQI global score and CRSD were correlated nonsignificantly in males, r (198) = –0.054, p = 0.448, but significantly in females, r(220) = –0.117, p = 0.033. The correlations differed significantly, Z = –2.02, p
Md Dilshad Manzar, Wassilatul Zannat, Manpreet Kaur and M. Ejaz Hussain*
Sleep in university students across years of university education and gender influences Abstract Purpose: Assessment of the influence of gender and increasing years at university on sleep health of students. Methods: Four hundred and eighteen students from different streams across years of undergraduate to postgraduate courses participated. Descriptive statistics, test of differences, and correlation were used. The sleep health data comprised of subjective evaluation using a questionnaire and personal interviews. Results: Overall, 43.1% had sleep problems, females were more affected (51.67% vs. 48.33% in males) but were early bed goers. The prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorder (11.6% vs. 9.5%) and delayed sleep phase syndrome (4.5% vs. 2.7%) was slightly higher in males. The daytime dysfunction and hypnotic use significantly differed in students of the same class among gender. Bedtime got significantly delayed along years [H(2) = 29.769, p 5) was 43.1%. 38.2%, 21.5%, and 19.2% reported values in a 2–3 range on a scale of 0–3 (best-worse) for sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction, respectively. Students, 16.5%, self-rated their subjective sleep quality to be fairly-very bad. A total of 5.1% had used hypnotics for sleep management at least once during the previous month. The majority of the students (54.8%) reported bedtime between 00:00 and 04:00 h. A total of 47.4% reported habitual total sleep time of ≤ 6 h, and 27.8% were sleep deprived. Of the students, 10.3% had circadian rhythm sleep problems, out of which 3.59% met the criteria of delayed sleep phase syndrome.
Gender The overall sleep problem prevalence was slightly higher among females (51.67%) than males (48.33%). Male students, 60.1%, reported bedtime ≥ 02:00 h compared to 51.8% of females. CRSD was also slightly higher in males (11.6% vs. 9.5%). The prevalence of DSPS in male was nearly twice as much as in females (4.5% vs. 2.7%). There was no significant difference among genders (total sample) for any of the seven sleep parameters represented by the PSQI components. Gender differences were seen in sleep parameters among students of the same class. The hypnotic use was higher in 2nd year males than females (13.9% vs. 4.9%), U = 2692.5, p = 0.059. The day dysfunction was higher in 3rd year males than the female students of the same class (50% vs. 27%), U = 2080, p = 0.054. TTB, TST, and SE did not have significant differences among genders in the entire sample or in the students of the same class. The CRSD prevalence was significantly different among genders only in 1st year students, 17.2% in males and 4.7% in females (U = 1623, p = 0.025).
PSQI global score and CRSD were correlated nonsignificantly in males, r (198) = –0.054, p = 0.448, but significantly in females, r(220) = –0.117, p = 0.033. The correlations differed significantly, Z = –2.02, p
