Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in the ICU
Preface Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in the Intensive Care Unit
Vipin Malik, MD Editor
Our knowledge of sleep physiology in critical care has grown over the last several decades. Nonetheless, several gaps remain, particularly those related to the mechanisms whereby sleep disruption influences the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. There is an urgent need to identify the deleterious effects of sleep disruption and various biomarkers that contribute to their pathogenesis in this patient group. This issue of Critical Care Clinics discusses sleep and circadian rhythm disorders among critically ill patients, who generally have various coexisting acute and chronic medical conditions. Sedation and management of delirium are also reviewed. The article by Dr Drouot and Dr Quentin specifically discusses sleep electroencephalographic patterns in the intensive care unit (ICU) and elaborates on atypical sleep and pathologic wakefulness. In the second article, Dr Billings and Dr Watson examine the causes, effects, and management of circadian disruption in critically ill patients. Circadian hormonal changes and effects of sleep disruption are discussed by Dr Morgan and Dr Tsai. An article by Dr Jones, Dr Brito, and Dr Ghamande is devoted to the pathophysiology, treatment, and critical care outcome of patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Dr Gregoretti, Dr Pisani, Dr Cortegiani, and Dr Ranieri provide a comprehensive and practical review of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the ICU and the effect of NIV on sleep. The consequences of restless leg syndrome on sleep among critically ill patients are discussed by Dr Venkateshiah and Dr Ioachimescu, and the pathophysiology and management of central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration associated with congestive heart failure are discussed by Dr Sands and Dr Owens. In a separate article, Dr Wood and Dr Besecker cover the preoperative identification and intraoperative/postoperative management of patients with sleep disorders. Diagnosis and management of various epileptic forms with specific discussion of sleep-associated epilepsy are discussed by Dr Eliashiv and Dr Avidan.
Crit Care Clin 31 (2015) xiii–xiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2015.05.001 0749-0704/15/$ – see front matter Ó 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
criticalcare.theclinics.com
xiv
Preface
Specific management issues pertaining to sleep-disordered breathing associated with various neuromuscular disorders and traumatic brain injury are covered in two articles by Dr Irfan, Dr Selim, Dr Rabinstein, Dr Louis, and Dr Vermaelen, Dr Greiffenstein, Dr deBoisblanc. Finally, interactions between medications, sleep, and circadian rhythms in the ICU as well as the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment modalities for ICU-associated delirium are discussed by Dr Oldham and Dr Pisani; Dr Jackson and Dr Khan, respectively. I hope this issue of Critical Care Clinics provides the reader with a useful update on sleep and circadian disruption in the critical care setting. I thank the authors for their excellent contributions to this issue and Casey Jackson and Patrick Manley for their editorial support. Vipin Malik, MD Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine National Jewish Health M323b, 1400 Jackson Street Denver, CO 80206, USA Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Denver Denver, CO 80204, USA E-mail address: [email protected]
Preface Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in the Intensive Care Unit
Vipin Malik, MD Editor
Our knowledge of sleep physiology in critical care has grown over the last several decades. Nonetheless, several gaps remain, particularly those related to the mechanisms whereby sleep disruption influences the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. There is an urgent need to identify the deleterious effects of sleep disruption and various biomarkers that contribute to their pathogenesis in this patient group. This issue of Critical Care Clinics discusses sleep and circadian rhythm disorders among critically ill patients, who generally have various coexisting acute and chronic medical conditions. Sedation and management of delirium are also reviewed. The article by Dr Drouot and Dr Quentin specifically discusses sleep electroencephalographic patterns in the intensive care unit (ICU) and elaborates on atypical sleep and pathologic wakefulness. In the second article, Dr Billings and Dr Watson examine the causes, effects, and management of circadian disruption in critically ill patients. Circadian hormonal changes and effects of sleep disruption are discussed by Dr Morgan and Dr Tsai. An article by Dr Jones, Dr Brito, and Dr Ghamande is devoted to the pathophysiology, treatment, and critical care outcome of patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Dr Gregoretti, Dr Pisani, Dr Cortegiani, and Dr Ranieri provide a comprehensive and practical review of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the ICU and the effect of NIV on sleep. The consequences of restless leg syndrome on sleep among critically ill patients are discussed by Dr Venkateshiah and Dr Ioachimescu, and the pathophysiology and management of central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration associated with congestive heart failure are discussed by Dr Sands and Dr Owens. In a separate article, Dr Wood and Dr Besecker cover the preoperative identification and intraoperative/postoperative management of patients with sleep disorders. Diagnosis and management of various epileptic forms with specific discussion of sleep-associated epilepsy are discussed by Dr Eliashiv and Dr Avidan.
Crit Care Clin 31 (2015) xiii–xiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2015.05.001 0749-0704/15/$ – see front matter Ó 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
criticalcare.theclinics.com
xiv
Preface
Specific management issues pertaining to sleep-disordered breathing associated with various neuromuscular disorders and traumatic brain injury are covered in two articles by Dr Irfan, Dr Selim, Dr Rabinstein, Dr Louis, and Dr Vermaelen, Dr Greiffenstein, Dr deBoisblanc. Finally, interactions between medications, sleep, and circadian rhythms in the ICU as well as the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment modalities for ICU-associated delirium are discussed by Dr Oldham and Dr Pisani; Dr Jackson and Dr Khan, respectively. I hope this issue of Critical Care Clinics provides the reader with a useful update on sleep and circadian disruption in the critical care setting. I thank the authors for their excellent contributions to this issue and Casey Jackson and Patrick Manley for their editorial support. Vipin Malik, MD Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine National Jewish Health M323b, 1400 Jackson Street Denver, CO 80206, USA Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Denver Denver, CO 80204, USA E-mail address: [email protected]
