Subscriber access provided by University of Otago Library
Article
Silver nanowire–conducting polymer–ITO hybrids for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes with excellent durability Ji Hoon Yoo, Yunkyung Kim, Mi Kyoung Han, Seonghwa Choi, Ki Yong Song, Kwang Choon Chung, Ji Man Kim, and Jeonghun Kwak ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03855 • Publication Date (Web): 06 Jul 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on July 11, 2015
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Silver nanowire–conducting polymer–ITO hybrids for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes with excellent durability Ji Hoon Yoo,†,‡,§ Yunkyung Kim,†,# Mi Kyoung Han,§ Seonghwa Choi,# Ki Yong Song,§ Kwang Choon Chung,§ Ji Man Kim*,‡ and Jeonghun Kwak*,# ‡
Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
§
InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, South Korea
#
Department of Electronic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
KEYWORDS: transparent conductive electrodes, silver nanowires, flexible electrodes, hybrids, durability
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Page 2 of 34
ABSTRACT Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) films have attracted attention as transparent and conductive electrodes for flexible optoelectronic devices and touch screens, to replace sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. However, the mechanical flexibility, environmental durability, and the optical (such as transparency and a haze) and electrical properties of the AgNW films should be improved for their practical application. In this work, high-performance and roll-to-roll processed
AgNW-based
hybrid
electrodes
comprising
poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and/or ITO is introduced. The optical and electrical properties of the AgNW films combined with PEDOT:PSS, ITO, or both of them were systematically examined. Among the films, the AgNW–PEDOT:PSS–ITO hybrid film exhibits a high transmittance (88%) and a low sheet resistance (44 Ω sq−1) with a small haze (1.9%). Moreover, the hybrid films show excellent durability to a variety of environmental stresses. By virtues of the high performance and durability, it is believed that the AgNW– PEDOT:PSS–ITO hybrid electrodes are highly suitable for practical use.
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
2
Page 3 of 34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Introduction Recently, the development of highly flexible, transparent, and conductive electrodes has grown in importance due to the increasing industrial demands for their application to flexible displays and touch screen films. For these devices, transparent conducting oxides, represented by indiumtin-oxide (ITO), have been the most widely used so far. However, despite of the high electrical conductivity and optical transparency of the ITO, it is not applicable to plastic-based flexible devices because the ITO electrodes crack into small pieces by durational bending.1 Great efforts have been devoted to the research on transparent and flexible electrodes to replace the ITO. Several alternatives have been introduced based on conducting polymers (e.g. polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS]),2–4 2D/3D carbon allotropes (e.g. graphene and carbon nanotubes),5,6 silver nanowires (AgNWs),7–29 and their complexes. Among them, randomly distributed AgNWs are considered as the most promising candidate for the electrodes, because they exhibit superior transparency and mechanical flexibility, compared to the others.7–9 In addition, they can be processed on glass, plastics and papers10,11 at low temperature (
Article
Silver nanowire–conducting polymer–ITO hybrids for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes with excellent durability Ji Hoon Yoo, Yunkyung Kim, Mi Kyoung Han, Seonghwa Choi, Ki Yong Song, Kwang Choon Chung, Ji Man Kim, and Jeonghun Kwak ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03855 • Publication Date (Web): 06 Jul 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on July 11, 2015
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Silver nanowire–conducting polymer–ITO hybrids for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes with excellent durability Ji Hoon Yoo,†,‡,§ Yunkyung Kim,†,# Mi Kyoung Han,§ Seonghwa Choi,# Ki Yong Song,§ Kwang Choon Chung,§ Ji Man Kim*,‡ and Jeonghun Kwak*,# ‡
Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
§
InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, South Korea
#
Department of Electronic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
KEYWORDS: transparent conductive electrodes, silver nanowires, flexible electrodes, hybrids, durability
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Page 2 of 34
ABSTRACT Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) films have attracted attention as transparent and conductive electrodes for flexible optoelectronic devices and touch screens, to replace sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. However, the mechanical flexibility, environmental durability, and the optical (such as transparency and a haze) and electrical properties of the AgNW films should be improved for their practical application. In this work, high-performance and roll-to-roll processed
AgNW-based
hybrid
electrodes
comprising
poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and/or ITO is introduced. The optical and electrical properties of the AgNW films combined with PEDOT:PSS, ITO, or both of them were systematically examined. Among the films, the AgNW–PEDOT:PSS–ITO hybrid film exhibits a high transmittance (88%) and a low sheet resistance (44 Ω sq−1) with a small haze (1.9%). Moreover, the hybrid films show excellent durability to a variety of environmental stresses. By virtues of the high performance and durability, it is believed that the AgNW– PEDOT:PSS–ITO hybrid electrodes are highly suitable for practical use.
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
2
Page 3 of 34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Introduction Recently, the development of highly flexible, transparent, and conductive electrodes has grown in importance due to the increasing industrial demands for their application to flexible displays and touch screen films. For these devices, transparent conducting oxides, represented by indiumtin-oxide (ITO), have been the most widely used so far. However, despite of the high electrical conductivity and optical transparency of the ITO, it is not applicable to plastic-based flexible devices because the ITO electrodes crack into small pieces by durational bending.1 Great efforts have been devoted to the research on transparent and flexible electrodes to replace the ITO. Several alternatives have been introduced based on conducting polymers (e.g. polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS]),2–4 2D/3D carbon allotropes (e.g. graphene and carbon nanotubes),5,6 silver nanowires (AgNWs),7–29 and their complexes. Among them, randomly distributed AgNWs are considered as the most promising candidate for the electrodes, because they exhibit superior transparency and mechanical flexibility, compared to the others.7–9 In addition, they can be processed on glass, plastics and papers10,11 at low temperature (
