Tumor Biol. DOI 10.1007/s13277-014-2050-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may have diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic roles in patients with lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy Faruk Tas & Senem Karabulut & Elif Bilgin & Derya Duranyildiz

Received: 14 April 2014 / Accepted: 5 May 2014 # International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM) 2014

Abstract Cellular adhesion molecules might be good markers in some types of malignant tumors and provide useful information in diagnosis and prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. One hundred and thirty lung cancer patients were enrolled into this study. Serum VCAM-1 levels were determined by the solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. Age- and sex-matched 34 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Median age was 58 years old, range 35 to 80 years. The majority of the patients had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (83.8 %) and stage IV disease (60.8 %). The patients’ baseline serum VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (p=0.02). Male patients had higher serum VCAM-1 level compared with female patients (p= 0.04). The stage of disease and tumor histology were not correlated with serum VCAM-1 assay (p>0.05). Elevated serum VCAM-1 levels were associated with chemotherapy unresponsive patients compared with responsive patients (p= 0.02). The patients with elevated serum VCAM-1 levels had lower survival rates than the ones with lower levels (1-year survival rate 57.6 vs 69.7 %, respectively, p=0.04). In conclusion, serum VCAM-1 concentrations may have diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic role in lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Keywords VCAM-1 . Serum . Lung cancer . Prognostic . Predictive . Diagnostic F. Tas (*) : S. Karabulut : E. Bilgin : D. Duranyildiz Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate a great variety of cellular interactions in normal and process of carcinogenesis [1]. In normal, CAMs participate in tissue growth and maintenance, blood coagulation, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, they are involved in invasion and metastasis in malign neoplastic transformation. In oncology practice, CAMs might be good markers in some types of malignant tumors and provide useful information in diagnosis and prognosis [1]. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) is a member of immunoglobulin gene superfamily, which is a surface cell molecule sharing a segmental structural region consisting of 70–110 amino acids in the immunoglobulin chain [1]. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is constitutively expressed on many different types of endothelial and stromal cells and mediates cellular adhesion. VCAM-1 appears to be of special interest because it may be involved in the process of invasion and metastatic spread. In lung cancer, VCAM-1 expression has been demonstrated histologically in tumor cell lines [2, 3]. Elevated serum levels of VCAM-1 have been identified in various malignant diseases, including breast cancer [4, 5] and colorectal carcinoma [6–8]. In these studies, soluble VCAM-1 levels in patients were significantly higher than that in control subjects. The increased soluble levels of VCAM-1 were associated with advanced stage and prognostic significance. However, serum levels of VCAM-1 have not been compared with tumor stage and tumor cell expression of VCAM-1 in lung cancer patients. While there are increasing reports about the role of VCAM1 in various cancers, only a few reports of VCAM-1 expression in lung cancer have been published [2, 3]. All of the studies concerning the influences of this CAM in lung cancer have been performed in tissue scale in literature. Therefore,

Tumor Biol. Table 1 Patient and disease characteristics

Variables

Number

No. of patients Age of patients ≥60

Serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may have diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic roles in patients with lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Cellular adhesion molecules might be good markers in some types of malignant tumors and provide useful information in diagnosis and prognosis. The obj...
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