Dental Science - Review Article Serum ferritin level and red blood cell parameters in healthy controls and chronic periodontitis patients S. Latha, S. Thirugnanamsambandan1, R. T. Arun2, K. M. K. Masthan3, L. Malathi3, E. Rajesh3
Departments of Periodontics and 1 Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. G. F. Dental College and Hospital, Karnataka, 2 Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Derntal College and Hospital, Chidambaram, 3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease causes reduction in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. It is found to be caused by specific pathogenic subgingival plaque bacteria. Periodontitis is host mediated through release of pro inflammatory cytokines by local tissues and immune cells in response to bacterial flora and its products, especially lipopolysacharides. Periodontitis is found to have systemic effect and the cytokines produced inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes leading to anaemia. This study evaluate level of hemoglobin erythrocytes, hematocrit and serum ferritin levels in healthy subjects and periodontitis patient.
Address for correspondence: Dr. L. Malathi, E-mail: [email protected] Received : 31-10-14 Review completed : 31-10-14 Accepted : 09-11-14
KEY WORDS: Anemia, periodontitis, serum ferritin
P
eriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which causes a reduction in a number of erythrocytes and consequently lowers hemoglobin level in periodontitis patients. It has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory oral disease caused by specific pathogenic subgingival plaque bacteria. Periodontal Access this article online Quick Response Code:
destruction is host‑mediated through release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines by local tissues and immune cells in response to bacterial flora and its products, especially lipopolysaccharides. In periodontitis, the levels of interleukin‑ (IL‑1) and tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)[1] are significantly elevated in gingival crevicular fluid and enters systemically, falling within the detectable range of biological serum assays.[2]
Website: www.jpbsonline.org DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155896
Periodontitis‑induced pro‑inflammatory cytokines play a major role in development of variety of systemic disease[3] epidemiological studies[4] suggest that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular ischemia, and atherosclerosis. These
How to cite this article: Latha S, Thirugnanamsambandan S, Arun RT, Masthan K, Malathi L, Rajesh E. Serum ferritin level and red blood cell parameters in healthy controls and chronic periodontitis patients. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2015;7:S184-9.
S184
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
associations indicate that periodontitis has systemic effects, and most likely systemic inflammation must also be present. It has been observed that infection is associated with profound disturbances in iron metabolism and decreased incorporation of iron into hemoglobin give rise to anemia. A pro‑inflammatory cytokines from the chronic disease processes are involved in the pathogenesis of anemia. These cytokines inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte progenitors,[5] modulate iron metabolism,[6] and suppress erythropoietin production[7] with resultant anemia. Hence, the present study is undertaken to substantiate that periodontitis may cause anemic state.
Probing depth Probing depth is measured from the gingival margin to the base of the pocket using a calibrated periodontal probe. The probe is passed under the gingiva along the circumference of the tooth. Three measurements are made in the buccal aspect and three on the lingual aspect of each tooth total of six sites per tooth (mesio buccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, midlingual, distolingual). Probing depth of tooth=
Sum of all scores per tooth
Materials and Methods The subjects for this study were selected from the outpatients attending the Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu government dental college and hospital Chennai, after informed consent. Inclusion criteria (for both groups): • Age groups 40–50 years • Either sex • Systemically healthy subjects. Exclusion criteria (for both groups): • History of peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess, bacterial endocarditis, chronic renal failure, hepatic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, malaria, viral infection, diabetes, menorrhagia, hodgkins disease, carcinoma, traumatic injuries, gastric surgeries, allergy, pregnancy, smokers and alcoholic.
Control group Control group included any periodontal sight which had probing depth (PD) of ≤ 3 mm and with no clinical attachment loss (CAL).
Study group Study group included any periodontal site which had PD of ≥4 mm and with CAL.
Study design Examination was preceded by a thorough medical history of both he groups. A complete periodontal examination was undertaken using a mouth mirror, and Williams graduated periodontal probe. Periodontal status was assessed using the clinical parameters such as PD and level of the CAL. Full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs were taken for both the groups and 5 mm of venous blood samples were collected from antecubetal fossa. Hematological investigations are done with blood samples, consisting erythrocyte count, white blood cell count, estimation of hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and peripheral smear examination and for biochemical investigation such as blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum ferritin. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Mean probing depth per person =
6 Sum of each tooth score Total number of teeth examined
Clinical attachment level Clinical attachment level is measured from the cemento‑enamel junction to the base of the pocket using a calibrated periodontal probe. When the gingival margin is located on the anatomical crown, the level of attachment is determined by subtracting from the pocket the distance from the gingival margin to cemento‑enamel junction. If both are the same, the loss of attachment is zero.
Collection of Blood Sample Five ml of venous blood samples was obtained by venipuncture of cubital vein in the anticubibetal fossa using 5 ml disposable syringe 23 gauge needles. The blood was then transferred to sterile vacuum tube containing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and transported to the clinical laboratory for processing within 4 h of venepuncture.
Results Twenty‑eight subjects were selected from the outpatients attending the Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu government dental college and hospital, Chennai. Fourteen subjects with PD ≤ 3 mm and no CAL were taken as a control group and the remaining 14 patients with PD ≥ 4 mm and with CAL ≥ 1 mm were taken as study group. Clinical periodontal parameters used in this study consisted of measuring the PD and clinical attachment level in mm. Hematological and biochemical investigations performed for both the groups included erythrocyte count, estimation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, ESR, and estimation of serum ferritin. Statistical analyses were done using Student’s t‑test and Pearson correlation analysis. Tables 1 and 2 show the values of clinical parameters, hematological and biochemical investigations in control and study group. S185
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
Tables 3 and 4 show the peripheral blood smear examination in control and study group. Four subjects in the control group and 2 patients in study group had microcytes, the remaining patients had macrocytes.
Table 5 shows number of the control group and study group with values red blood cell parameters and serum ferritin levels above or below the reference range. In hemoglobin levels, 100% of the control and study group were anemic. 42.9% controls and 50%
Table 1: Values of clinical periodontal parameters, hematological investigations, and biochemical investigations in control group Name
Age
Sex
Palaniammal Varalakshmi Murugan Pandiyan Dhakshinamoorthy Mohan Lakshmi Mayilamma Prema Veena Mohammed ali Vijaya Hemadullah Saravanan
44 40 40 50 45 48 50 40 48 40 40 40 42 41
Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Male
PD (mm)
CAL (mm)
RBC (million/cumm)
Hgb (g %)
ESR (mm/h)
PCV (%)
MCV (cumm)
MCH (Pg)
MCHC (%)
Serum ferritin (ng/ml)
1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.2 4.2 5 5.2 3.6 5 4.2 4 4.2 5 5.2 4.6 4.6 5.2
12.6 12.1 13.2 13.2 12.4 13 12 12.6 12.6 12.8 13 12.8 13.2 13.1
23 20 7 7 15 7 20 25 9 9 7 22 5 6
40 37 41 41 38 40 36 36 38 39 40 39 40 45
95 88 82 78 105 80 85 90 90 78 76 84 86 86
31 32 32 32 32 32 33 35 33 32 32 32 33 29
31 32 32 32 32 32 33 35 33 32 32 32 33 29
22.60 36.20 251.00 4.20 24.50 78.70 1.50 35.10 3.30 3.40 190.60 80.10 34.50 28.30
CAL: Clinical attachment loss, PD: Probing depth, RBC: Red blood cell, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCV: Packed cell volume, MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Table 2: Values of clinical periodontal parameters, hematological investigations, and biochemical investigations in study group Name
Age
Sex
PD (mm)
CAL (mm)
RBC (million/cumm)
Hgb (g %)
ESR (mm/h)
PCV (%)
MCV (cumm)
MCH (Pg)
MCHC (%)
Serum ferritin (ng/ml)
Ambujam Saroja Gulab Padmavathy Vijayan Babina Annan Mary Udhayasekar Ezhumalai Bailachetty Mubarak Sheela Veera ragavan
50 40 49 48 40 45 44 42 46 40 41 45 42 47
Female Female Male Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Male
4.8 4.9 5.1 5.55 5 4.5 4 4.1 4.2 5.3 4.5 5.5 4.8 4
5.2 5 6.6 5.9 6.6 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.7 6.4 5.8 6.1 4.9 6
3.2 4 5 4.5 3.2 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 5.2
12 12.8 13 12.5 12 13 11 12 13 13 13 12.9 12.2 13
25 10 7 21 23 10 25 25 7 8 11 11 26 11
38 42 40 40 40 39 36 36 40 30 39 40 37 40
118 105 80 88 125 86 85 85 95 84 84 95 88 76
31 30 32 31 30 33 30 33 32 33 33 32 32 32
31 30 32 31 30 33 30 33 32 33 33 32 32 32
63.00 43.10 195.10 49.20 7.80 51.80 23.40 29.40 3.10 68.40 17.80 27.30 29.20 35.90
PD: Probing depth, CAL: Clinical attachment loss, RBC: Red blood cell, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCV: Packed cell volume, MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Table 3: Peripheral blood smear examination in the control group Name
Age
Sex
RBC type
WBC type
Platelets
Abnormal cells
Hemo parasites
Palaniammal Varalakshmi Murugan Pandiyan Dhakshinamoorthy Mohan Lakshmi Mayilamma Prema Veena Mohammed ali Vijaya Hemadullah Saravanan
44 40 40 50 45 48 50 40 48 40 40 40 42 41
Female Female Female Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female
Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic
Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution
Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
RBC: Red blood cell, WBC: White blood cell
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Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
Table 4: Peripheral blood smear examination in study group Name
Age
Sex
RBC type
WBC type
Platelets
Abnormal cells
Hemo parasites
Ambujam Saroja Gulab Padmavathy Vijayan Babina Annan Mary Udhayasekar Ezhumalai Bailachetty Mubarak Sheela Veera ragavan
50 40 49 48 40 45 44 42 46 40 41 45 42 47
Female Female Male Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Male
Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic
Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution
Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
RBC: Red blood cell, WBC: White blood cell
of the study group were anemic concerning hematocrit levels. Further, 14.2% of the controls and 28.4% of the study group were anemic concerning number of erythrocytes. Finally, slightly a higher proportion of study group (42.9%) had an elevated ESR compared to the control (21.4%). Table 6 shows the mean, standard deviation and test of significance of mean values between control and study group. Statistical analysis by Student’s independent t‑test showed than the mean PD in the study group (4.7 ± 0.5) is significantly higher than the control group (1.6 ± 0.2) (P
Departments of Periodontics and 1 Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. G. F. Dental College and Hospital, Karnataka, 2 Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Derntal College and Hospital, Chidambaram, 3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease causes reduction in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. It is found to be caused by specific pathogenic subgingival plaque bacteria. Periodontitis is host mediated through release of pro inflammatory cytokines by local tissues and immune cells in response to bacterial flora and its products, especially lipopolysacharides. Periodontitis is found to have systemic effect and the cytokines produced inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes leading to anaemia. This study evaluate level of hemoglobin erythrocytes, hematocrit and serum ferritin levels in healthy subjects and periodontitis patient.
Address for correspondence: Dr. L. Malathi, E-mail: [email protected] Received : 31-10-14 Review completed : 31-10-14 Accepted : 09-11-14
KEY WORDS: Anemia, periodontitis, serum ferritin
P
eriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which causes a reduction in a number of erythrocytes and consequently lowers hemoglobin level in periodontitis patients. It has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory oral disease caused by specific pathogenic subgingival plaque bacteria. Periodontal Access this article online Quick Response Code:
destruction is host‑mediated through release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines by local tissues and immune cells in response to bacterial flora and its products, especially lipopolysaccharides. In periodontitis, the levels of interleukin‑ (IL‑1) and tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)[1] are significantly elevated in gingival crevicular fluid and enters systemically, falling within the detectable range of biological serum assays.[2]
Website: www.jpbsonline.org DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155896
Periodontitis‑induced pro‑inflammatory cytokines play a major role in development of variety of systemic disease[3] epidemiological studies[4] suggest that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular ischemia, and atherosclerosis. These
How to cite this article: Latha S, Thirugnanamsambandan S, Arun RT, Masthan K, Malathi L, Rajesh E. Serum ferritin level and red blood cell parameters in healthy controls and chronic periodontitis patients. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2015;7:S184-9.
S184
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
associations indicate that periodontitis has systemic effects, and most likely systemic inflammation must also be present. It has been observed that infection is associated with profound disturbances in iron metabolism and decreased incorporation of iron into hemoglobin give rise to anemia. A pro‑inflammatory cytokines from the chronic disease processes are involved in the pathogenesis of anemia. These cytokines inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte progenitors,[5] modulate iron metabolism,[6] and suppress erythropoietin production[7] with resultant anemia. Hence, the present study is undertaken to substantiate that periodontitis may cause anemic state.
Probing depth Probing depth is measured from the gingival margin to the base of the pocket using a calibrated periodontal probe. The probe is passed under the gingiva along the circumference of the tooth. Three measurements are made in the buccal aspect and three on the lingual aspect of each tooth total of six sites per tooth (mesio buccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, midlingual, distolingual). Probing depth of tooth=
Sum of all scores per tooth
Materials and Methods The subjects for this study were selected from the outpatients attending the Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu government dental college and hospital Chennai, after informed consent. Inclusion criteria (for both groups): • Age groups 40–50 years • Either sex • Systemically healthy subjects. Exclusion criteria (for both groups): • History of peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess, bacterial endocarditis, chronic renal failure, hepatic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, malaria, viral infection, diabetes, menorrhagia, hodgkins disease, carcinoma, traumatic injuries, gastric surgeries, allergy, pregnancy, smokers and alcoholic.
Control group Control group included any periodontal sight which had probing depth (PD) of ≤ 3 mm and with no clinical attachment loss (CAL).
Study group Study group included any periodontal site which had PD of ≥4 mm and with CAL.
Study design Examination was preceded by a thorough medical history of both he groups. A complete periodontal examination was undertaken using a mouth mirror, and Williams graduated periodontal probe. Periodontal status was assessed using the clinical parameters such as PD and level of the CAL. Full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs were taken for both the groups and 5 mm of venous blood samples were collected from antecubetal fossa. Hematological investigations are done with blood samples, consisting erythrocyte count, white blood cell count, estimation of hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and peripheral smear examination and for biochemical investigation such as blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum ferritin. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Mean probing depth per person =
6 Sum of each tooth score Total number of teeth examined
Clinical attachment level Clinical attachment level is measured from the cemento‑enamel junction to the base of the pocket using a calibrated periodontal probe. When the gingival margin is located on the anatomical crown, the level of attachment is determined by subtracting from the pocket the distance from the gingival margin to cemento‑enamel junction. If both are the same, the loss of attachment is zero.
Collection of Blood Sample Five ml of venous blood samples was obtained by venipuncture of cubital vein in the anticubibetal fossa using 5 ml disposable syringe 23 gauge needles. The blood was then transferred to sterile vacuum tube containing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and transported to the clinical laboratory for processing within 4 h of venepuncture.
Results Twenty‑eight subjects were selected from the outpatients attending the Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu government dental college and hospital, Chennai. Fourteen subjects with PD ≤ 3 mm and no CAL were taken as a control group and the remaining 14 patients with PD ≥ 4 mm and with CAL ≥ 1 mm were taken as study group. Clinical periodontal parameters used in this study consisted of measuring the PD and clinical attachment level in mm. Hematological and biochemical investigations performed for both the groups included erythrocyte count, estimation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, ESR, and estimation of serum ferritin. Statistical analyses were done using Student’s t‑test and Pearson correlation analysis. Tables 1 and 2 show the values of clinical parameters, hematological and biochemical investigations in control and study group. S185
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
Tables 3 and 4 show the peripheral blood smear examination in control and study group. Four subjects in the control group and 2 patients in study group had microcytes, the remaining patients had macrocytes.
Table 5 shows number of the control group and study group with values red blood cell parameters and serum ferritin levels above or below the reference range. In hemoglobin levels, 100% of the control and study group were anemic. 42.9% controls and 50%
Table 1: Values of clinical periodontal parameters, hematological investigations, and biochemical investigations in control group Name
Age
Sex
Palaniammal Varalakshmi Murugan Pandiyan Dhakshinamoorthy Mohan Lakshmi Mayilamma Prema Veena Mohammed ali Vijaya Hemadullah Saravanan
44 40 40 50 45 48 50 40 48 40 40 40 42 41
Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Male
PD (mm)
CAL (mm)
RBC (million/cumm)
Hgb (g %)
ESR (mm/h)
PCV (%)
MCV (cumm)
MCH (Pg)
MCHC (%)
Serum ferritin (ng/ml)
1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.2 4.2 5 5.2 3.6 5 4.2 4 4.2 5 5.2 4.6 4.6 5.2
12.6 12.1 13.2 13.2 12.4 13 12 12.6 12.6 12.8 13 12.8 13.2 13.1
23 20 7 7 15 7 20 25 9 9 7 22 5 6
40 37 41 41 38 40 36 36 38 39 40 39 40 45
95 88 82 78 105 80 85 90 90 78 76 84 86 86
31 32 32 32 32 32 33 35 33 32 32 32 33 29
31 32 32 32 32 32 33 35 33 32 32 32 33 29
22.60 36.20 251.00 4.20 24.50 78.70 1.50 35.10 3.30 3.40 190.60 80.10 34.50 28.30
CAL: Clinical attachment loss, PD: Probing depth, RBC: Red blood cell, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCV: Packed cell volume, MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Table 2: Values of clinical periodontal parameters, hematological investigations, and biochemical investigations in study group Name
Age
Sex
PD (mm)
CAL (mm)
RBC (million/cumm)
Hgb (g %)
ESR (mm/h)
PCV (%)
MCV (cumm)
MCH (Pg)
MCHC (%)
Serum ferritin (ng/ml)
Ambujam Saroja Gulab Padmavathy Vijayan Babina Annan Mary Udhayasekar Ezhumalai Bailachetty Mubarak Sheela Veera ragavan
50 40 49 48 40 45 44 42 46 40 41 45 42 47
Female Female Male Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Male
4.8 4.9 5.1 5.55 5 4.5 4 4.1 4.2 5.3 4.5 5.5 4.8 4
5.2 5 6.6 5.9 6.6 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.7 6.4 5.8 6.1 4.9 6
3.2 4 5 4.5 3.2 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 5.2
12 12.8 13 12.5 12 13 11 12 13 13 13 12.9 12.2 13
25 10 7 21 23 10 25 25 7 8 11 11 26 11
38 42 40 40 40 39 36 36 40 30 39 40 37 40
118 105 80 88 125 86 85 85 95 84 84 95 88 76
31 30 32 31 30 33 30 33 32 33 33 32 32 32
31 30 32 31 30 33 30 33 32 33 33 32 32 32
63.00 43.10 195.10 49.20 7.80 51.80 23.40 29.40 3.10 68.40 17.80 27.30 29.20 35.90
PD: Probing depth, CAL: Clinical attachment loss, RBC: Red blood cell, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCV: Packed cell volume, MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Table 3: Peripheral blood smear examination in the control group Name
Age
Sex
RBC type
WBC type
Platelets
Abnormal cells
Hemo parasites
Palaniammal Varalakshmi Murugan Pandiyan Dhakshinamoorthy Mohan Lakshmi Mayilamma Prema Veena Mohammed ali Vijaya Hemadullah Saravanan
44 40 40 50 45 48 50 40 48 40 40 40 42 41
Female Female Female Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female
Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic
Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution
Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
RBC: Red blood cell, WBC: White blood cell
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Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences April 2015 Vol 7 Supplement 1
Latha, et al.: Serum ferritin level and R.B.C parameters
Table 4: Peripheral blood smear examination in study group Name
Age
Sex
RBC type
WBC type
Platelets
Abnormal cells
Hemo parasites
Ambujam Saroja Gulab Padmavathy Vijayan Babina Annan Mary Udhayasekar Ezhumalai Bailachetty Mubarak Sheela Veera ragavan
50 40 49 48 40 45 44 42 46 40 41 45 42 47
Female Female Male Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Male
Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and microcytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic Normochromic and macrocytic
Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution Normal no and distribution
Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
RBC: Red blood cell, WBC: White blood cell
of the study group were anemic concerning hematocrit levels. Further, 14.2% of the controls and 28.4% of the study group were anemic concerning number of erythrocytes. Finally, slightly a higher proportion of study group (42.9%) had an elevated ESR compared to the control (21.4%). Table 6 shows the mean, standard deviation and test of significance of mean values between control and study group. Statistical analysis by Student’s independent t‑test showed than the mean PD in the study group (4.7 ± 0.5) is significantly higher than the control group (1.6 ± 0.2) (P
