Serologic Survey for Selected Microbial Pathogens in Bison from Kansas Author(s): J. G. Vestweber, G. L. Merrill, J. J. Staats, and J. Veatch Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 27(3):473-476. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.3.473 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-27.3.473

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Journal

of

Wildlife

27(3),

Diseases,

© Wildlife

Serologic

Survey

Pathogens

for Selected

in Bison

J. G. Veetweber,’

from

0. L. MenlII,2

A serologic

ABSTRACT:

Microbial

Kansas

J. J. Staate,’

University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA; USA; 3Department of Veterinary Diagnosis,

on

survey

and J. Veatch,3

‘Department of Biology, Kansas State State University, Manhattan,

2

Kansas

was

conducted

transmit tle.

an

American bison (Bison bison) herd in Kansas for antibodies against Brucella spp., Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, pomona, gnippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhaglae, and hardJo, Anaplasma spp. bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. There was an increase in preyalence of bluetongue antibodies from 38% in 1987 to 100% in 1989 in animals 24-mo-old. Prevalences of antibodies against the other livestock pathogens were either negative or at levels associated with previous vaccination. Key words: American bison, Bison bison, serosurvey,

Recent American

and the of these

minima! that also

heightened to bovine

potential pathogens.

importance

Bnucella

abortus

has been of antibodies

of detection in

cause

of the

serologic isolation

et al.,

1990).

If bison

voir of B. abortus, programs should the

1984)

and wild and

that intact ginale

that to

Zaugg one

the

Ana and

Kuttler

bison became

calf

been separated It consisted of two

that had

that were 24-mo-old. been vaccinated

reser-

arrhea

eradication role of bison

In

disease

and

females

born

hardjo in

bactenin.

1975,

1978,

with were

vaccine

1989,

born

the

in

herd

is little were

and males

spleenA. manable to 473

None

any into

six

females and

that

seven

females

bovine viral di-

and

grown

1984. to

from Kansas,

45

by

Maxfour

bison herd owner 16 bison that were

of these

vaccines. three age

and

with the bacten-

1983

had

of three animals Preserve at Canton,

on site.

received vided

reported one

virus

vaccinated leptospinosis

animals from a private at Longfond, Kansas, and

infections.

(1985)

also been mentioned

the addition well Game

(Mc-

All in serovar ictero-

in and a modified live infectious rhinotnacheitis virus and bovine

sp.

and

had

bison at Fort

Leptospina intenrogans poma, gnippotyphosa,

1979

(Davis

bison

inoculated infected

herd.

be-

also

bovine diarrhea

herd of 22 American in 1987 from a herd

Kansas, that other ruminants.

Three

infectious viral

and

there

and

bovine

had previously

American

sp!enectomized

bison

haemonrhagiae,

of this dishosts (Kutt-

plasma

a captive

1986 with canicola,

1985). summarized

that

bluetongue, and

beor-

epizootiology and domestic reported

evidence

suspectable Later,

of

aplasmosis, rhinotracheitis,

and 13 females bison >7-mo-old

of

a significant

and DiGiacomo, of anaplasmosis

the history ease in both or no

are

bnucellosis consider the

in bison

inferred to the

of B. abontus

epizootiology

Corquodale A review

ler,

surveys

occurrence

males and three females old; one male and one range of 7- to 23-mo-old;

about dis-

as reservoirs

the

cat-

was to determine the serologic of brucellosis, leptospirosis, an-

Riley, from

bison to be carInformation is

of bison

ganism

in

for

to splenectomized

on

The study was established

of and

concern infectious

State 66506,

of this study prevalence

in

on the infectious diseases of bison are found commonly in the cattle.

The cause

numbers in wild

disease

Information

pathogens.

increase in the bison (Bison bison)

private herds has their susceptibility eases niens

microbial

the

of Clinical Sciences, Kansas University, Manhattan, Kansas Kansas 66506, USA

of other infectious diseases commonly found in cattle is minimal. The objective

,

epizootiology,

1991, pp. 473-476 Association 1991

Disease

additional

The groups: were

herd

bison

was ditwo males

24-mo-old.

and

six range eighBison

474

JOURNAL

Prairie the

Research

northern

counties, to graze minimum access

m

and no other on the same erate In tested 1989. ral by

Riley Bison quality and

water.

1 ,000

They

from

wild range.

located

in

(96#{176}32’to 96#{176}37’W, in

Kansas (USA). freely on good management pond

VOL. 27, NO. 3, JULY

Area,

Hills

39#{176}07’N),

to

least

DISEASES,

Natural Flint

to

39003?

at

OF WiLDLIFE

and Geary are allowed range, with continuous were

domestic

were raised had a mod-

sampling

hay

with

brome

and

water

tinuously available bison were randomly

during this handled

period restraint

corral collected

in

a circular chute. We

nipuncture of the cygeal veins into was were

removed refrigerated

external serum

from

et a!., cheitis

1975), infectious and bovine viral

by

serum

the

neutralization

et a!., 1971), test (Amerault tongue (Pearson against

Ana plasma and Roby,

and

positive or negative minimum titers

to

a ye-

based upon tion of the

natural bovine

arrhea greater

(Kelling et a!., for Leptospira

1990) and intenrogans

bovine

19

ND

0

0

0

diarrhea

1987

ND

1989

ND

0

Leptospira

0

rhinotracheitis ND

viral

0 0

interrogans

19 9

0 serovar

canicola ND

1987

13

ND 0

0

1989

9

pomona ND

1987

13

ND

0

0

9

ND

ND 0

0 0

0

icterohaemorrhagiae 1987

ND

1989

1987

13 0

0

0

13

10

23

ND

ND

0

1989

0

size

1987

on

ND

0

hardfo

Sample

infectious et a!., viral diserovan

0

ND

0

1989

infecantibody

1:100

0 0

ND

1987

for other established

titers that were 1:4 or greater for bovine rhinotracheitis (Carbrey 1971), 1:16 or greater for bovine

ND

0

grippotyphosa

ictenodetected

or experimental species. Any

ND

1989

spp. by the card 1968), and blue-

whereas were

100

Bovine

by the microscopic agglutination test (Cole et a!., 1973). For the card and immunodiffusion tests, specimens were considered either tests,

38

100

1989

(Canbrey

gnippotyphosa, hard Jo were

3d

ND

1987

virus by the immunodiffusion test and Jochim, 1979). Antibodies Leptospira interrogans serovar ca-

nicola, pomona, haemonnhagiae,

Group

57

Infectious

rhinotraviruses

test

2’

ND’

1989

to Bnucella test (Alton

bovine diarrhea

Group

U’

1989

1987

and the sera until tested.

Sera were tested for antibodies abortus by means of the card

Area,

Brucellosis

jugular and coctubes. The serum

the clots or frozen

Research

of six

(Bison Kansas (1987

1987

1989

con-

by

Group

1987

period. All over a 5 hr leading blood

antibody prevalence’ in American bison

Anaplasmosis

deer population. this study, bison were either blood on 15 October 1987 on 30 October The animals were attracted to a cona 12-hr period of supplemental feedpellet. They were 24 hr prior to blood

serum

agents Prairie

Bluetongue

located

ing with a 14% protein kept in the corral for

1. Percent microbial disease bison) from Konza and 1989). TABLE

Disease

livestock

ruminants The area

1991

ND

ND

1989

7

Prevalence is number positive Group 1 are bison 6-mo-old. Group Group

2 are bison 3 are bison

‘Specimen

not

divided

7- to 23-mo-old 24-mo-old.

16

by number

tested.

of age.

available.

canicola, pomona, haemonnhagiae,

gnippotyphosa, and hand Jo

(Ellis

ictenoand

Thiermann, 1986) were considered to provide evidence of past exposure to the infectious agent or vaccine in question.

SHORT

Results sented

of

the

tibodies

the group 24 100% in 1989; and 100% seropositive test

used

bodies otic both

serologic

in Table 1 . The to bluetongue

of

tests

are

pre-

prevalence of virus increased

anin

mo from 38% in 1987 to 57% of bison

Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in bison from Kansas.

A serologic survey was conducted on an American bison (Bison bison) herd in Kansas for antibodies against Brucella spp., Leptospira interrogans serova...
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