Selenium Content of Feeds and Effect of Dietary Selenium on Hair and Blood Serum 1,2,3 T. W. PERRY, D. M. C A L D W E L L 4, and R. C. PETERSON s
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907
ABSTRACT
research (7) indicated selenium in blood serum was indicative of selenium intake. Allaway (1) showed that the natural parts of selenium in feedstuffs varied greatly based on area of origin in the United States. The objective of our research was 1) to follow a succession o f selenium in serum of dairy calves fed a selenium-low diet, 2) to assay for selenium content a number of feedstuffs typical of the middle section of the United States (Indiana), and 3) to survey the serum selenium status of an Indiana beef cow herd.
A selenium depletion diet (.025 ppm selenium) was fed to two male Holstein calves for its effect on concentrations of selenium in serum. By 90 days, selenium in serum was depressed from .022 ppm to .013 ppm, and one of two calves had died of "possible white muscle disease." Repletion was rapid in that a diet containing .200 ppm selenium increased selenium in serum to .028 ppm within 2 wk. Dietary .280 ppm selenium increased it to .051 ppm in I wk. Eleven cows and eleven calves showed averages of .030 ppm in serum (range of .013 to .051 ppm) fed a diet o f corn silage (.039 ppm) and supplement (.090 ppm). A sampling of feedstuffs showed a wide range of selenium among feedstuffs (.023 for corn cobs to 2.663 ppm for dried egg albumin) and a wide range within one type feedstuff (shelled corn, .017 to .219 ppm).
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Depletion Study
Two castrate male Holstein calves averaging 91 kg each were fed a diet low in selenium (Table 1) to study depletion patterns of selenium in serum. After 90 days on the depletion diet (.025 ppm selenium), one calf died (as diagnosed by the Purdue University Diagnostic Laboratory) of "possible white muscle disease." The remaining calf was placed on a repletion diet containing .20 ppm selenium diet for the next 28 days and on .28 ppm selenium for the next 7 days.
INTRODUCTION
Groce et al. (3) indicated .1 ppm of selenium from sodium selenite was required to supplement a corn-soybean meal diet for swine, and Ku et al. (5) reported .44 ppm total selenium (.04 natural plus .40 ppm added) gave optimum gains, indicating at least a reasonable tolerance range of the mineral. Perry et al. (7) reported a growth response in beef cattle from .1 ppm added selenium in one experiment. The Purdue
TABLE 1. Diet in selenium depletion.
Ingredient Received December 8, 1975. 1Journal Paper No. 6120, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 2Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from the Moorman Manufacturing Company, Quincy, IL. aAppreciation is expressed to Marty Caldwell, DVM, for assistance. 4Allied Mills, P. O. Box 459, Libertyville, IL 60048. SSuperintendent, Lynnwood-Purdue Agricultural Center, Carmel, IN.
Corn Soybean meal Torula yeast Solka floc Sucrose Minerals Antibiotics, vitamins
760
Total
% of diet 57 12 13 10 5 3 + 100.0
Assayed ppm Se .018 .087
.022 .013 .014 . . . . . .
Selenium ppm × ingredient .010 .019 .003 .001 .001
. . . . . . .025
TECHNICAL
761
NOTE
Variance of the serum data was analyzed, and significance of differences among treatment means was determined by Neuman-Keuls sequential range test (2).
eq
o
t~
D
(N
Indiana Cow Herd Study
o
Eleven cows and their calves were selected from the commercial beef cow herd maintained in dry lot at the Lynnwood-Purdue Agricultural Center• Samples of blood and hair were collected from each, and triplicate selenium assays were made on each of the 44 samples of tissue. The diet of the cows and calves in dry lot was 23 kg corn silage (.039 ppm selenium) and 900 g supplement (.090 ppm selenium). o
Selenium Assays
The selenium assay was that described by Hoffman et al. (4) as modified by Olson (6). All selenium assays were in triplicate, and, therefore, each value listed represented three assays times the number of analyses listed (Table 2). In the selenium depletion study, one large blood sample was drawn from each calf on the days specified, the serum was divided into the number of samples indicated in Table 2, and each sample was assayed in triplicate.
Ox
t¢~
e~
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The depletion study with Holstein calves fed a diet containing .025 ppm dietary selenium showed that selenium of serum would reflect this dietary content by a significant (P
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907
ABSTRACT
research (7) indicated selenium in blood serum was indicative of selenium intake. Allaway (1) showed that the natural parts of selenium in feedstuffs varied greatly based on area of origin in the United States. The objective of our research was 1) to follow a succession o f selenium in serum of dairy calves fed a selenium-low diet, 2) to assay for selenium content a number of feedstuffs typical of the middle section of the United States (Indiana), and 3) to survey the serum selenium status of an Indiana beef cow herd.
A selenium depletion diet (.025 ppm selenium) was fed to two male Holstein calves for its effect on concentrations of selenium in serum. By 90 days, selenium in serum was depressed from .022 ppm to .013 ppm, and one of two calves had died of "possible white muscle disease." Repletion was rapid in that a diet containing .200 ppm selenium increased selenium in serum to .028 ppm within 2 wk. Dietary .280 ppm selenium increased it to .051 ppm in I wk. Eleven cows and eleven calves showed averages of .030 ppm in serum (range of .013 to .051 ppm) fed a diet o f corn silage (.039 ppm) and supplement (.090 ppm). A sampling of feedstuffs showed a wide range of selenium among feedstuffs (.023 for corn cobs to 2.663 ppm for dried egg albumin) and a wide range within one type feedstuff (shelled corn, .017 to .219 ppm).
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Depletion Study
Two castrate male Holstein calves averaging 91 kg each were fed a diet low in selenium (Table 1) to study depletion patterns of selenium in serum. After 90 days on the depletion diet (.025 ppm selenium), one calf died (as diagnosed by the Purdue University Diagnostic Laboratory) of "possible white muscle disease." The remaining calf was placed on a repletion diet containing .20 ppm selenium diet for the next 28 days and on .28 ppm selenium for the next 7 days.
INTRODUCTION
Groce et al. (3) indicated .1 ppm of selenium from sodium selenite was required to supplement a corn-soybean meal diet for swine, and Ku et al. (5) reported .44 ppm total selenium (.04 natural plus .40 ppm added) gave optimum gains, indicating at least a reasonable tolerance range of the mineral. Perry et al. (7) reported a growth response in beef cattle from .1 ppm added selenium in one experiment. The Purdue
TABLE 1. Diet in selenium depletion.
Ingredient Received December 8, 1975. 1Journal Paper No. 6120, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 2Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from the Moorman Manufacturing Company, Quincy, IL. aAppreciation is expressed to Marty Caldwell, DVM, for assistance. 4Allied Mills, P. O. Box 459, Libertyville, IL 60048. SSuperintendent, Lynnwood-Purdue Agricultural Center, Carmel, IN.
Corn Soybean meal Torula yeast Solka floc Sucrose Minerals Antibiotics, vitamins
760
Total
% of diet 57 12 13 10 5 3 + 100.0
Assayed ppm Se .018 .087
.022 .013 .014 . . . . . .
Selenium ppm × ingredient .010 .019 .003 .001 .001
. . . . . . .025
TECHNICAL
761
NOTE
Variance of the serum data was analyzed, and significance of differences among treatment means was determined by Neuman-Keuls sequential range test (2).
eq
o
t~
D
(N
Indiana Cow Herd Study
o
Eleven cows and their calves were selected from the commercial beef cow herd maintained in dry lot at the Lynnwood-Purdue Agricultural Center• Samples of blood and hair were collected from each, and triplicate selenium assays were made on each of the 44 samples of tissue. The diet of the cows and calves in dry lot was 23 kg corn silage (.039 ppm selenium) and 900 g supplement (.090 ppm selenium). o
Selenium Assays
The selenium assay was that described by Hoffman et al. (4) as modified by Olson (6). All selenium assays were in triplicate, and, therefore, each value listed represented three assays times the number of analyses listed (Table 2). In the selenium depletion study, one large blood sample was drawn from each calf on the days specified, the serum was divided into the number of samples indicated in Table 2, and each sample was assayed in triplicate.
Ox
t¢~
e~
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The depletion study with Holstein calves fed a diet containing .025 ppm dietary selenium showed that selenium of serum would reflect this dietary content by a significant (P
