RESEARCH ARTICLE

Screening for Significant Refractive Error Using a Combination of Distance Visual Acuity and Near Visual Acuity Peiyao Jin1,2‡, Jianfeng Zhu1‡, Haidong Zou1,2, Lina Lu1, Huijuan Zhao3, Qiangqiang Li3, Xiangui He1* 1 Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 3 Department of Eye Disease Prevention and Control, Baoshan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected]

OPEN ACCESS Citation: Jin P, Zhu J, Zou H, Lu L, Zhao H, Li Q, et al. (2015) Screening for Significant Refractive Error Using a Combination of Distance Visual Acuity and Near Visual Acuity. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117399 Academic Editor: Sanjoy Bhattacharya, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine;, UNITED STATES Received: September 10, 2014

Abstract Purpose To explore the effectiveness of using a series of tests combining near visual acuity (NVA) and distance visual acuity (DVA) for large-scale screenings for significant refractive error (SRE) in primary school children.

Method

Copyright: © 2015 Jin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Each participant underwent DVA, NVA and cycloplegic autorefraction measurements. SREs, including high myopia, high hyperopia and high astigmatism were analyzed. Cycloplegic refraction results were considered to be the gold standard for the comparison of different screening measurements. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the area under the curve (AUC) and the Youden index among DVA, NVA and the series combined tests of DVA and NVA. The efficacies (including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of each test were evaluated. Only the right eye data of each participant were analysed for statistical purpose.

Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper.

Result

Funding: The research was funded by: 1. National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Staff (Grant no. 81402695); 2. Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System (20112013)(Grant no. 2011-15); 3. Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (Grant no. 20114127 and 20134263). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

A total of 4416 children aged 6 to 12 years completed the study, among which 486 students had right eye SRE (SRE prevalence rate = 11.01%). There was no difference in the prevalence of high hyperopia and high astigmatism among different age groups. However, the prevalence of high myopia significantly increased with the age (χ² = 381.81, p

Screening for significant refractive error using a combination of distance visual acuity and near visual acuity.

To explore the effectiveness of using a series of tests combining near visual acuity (NVA) and distance visual acuity (DVA) for large-scale screenings...
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