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Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2017) 19, 961–969

CONGRESS ABSTRACTS

Clinical/research abstracts accepted for presentation at the World Feline Congress 2017

ISFM Congress poster session A total of 17 clinical/ research abstracts were accepted for presentation at the poster session held during the 2017 World Feline Congress in Brighton, UK, 29 June to 2 July.

SEVERE FELINE FIBROADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA IN A NEUTERED MALE CAT WITH HIGH PROGESTERONE LEVELS

MANAGEMENT OF URETERAL OBSTRUCTIONS WITH SUBCUTANEOUS URETERAL BYPASS (SUB) DEVICE IN CATS

Ildiko Plaganyi Lort Smith, Melbourne, Australia Email: [email protected]

Juanjo Vega, Rocío García, Valentina Aybar Hospital Felino Ventas, Madrid, 28028, Spain Email: [email protected]

Feline fibroadenomatous hyperplasia of the mammary gland is a well-described condition in the female cat. This case report describes the presentation of this syndrome in an 11-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat. The cat presented with rapidly enlarging mammary glands, which progressed to severe ulceration of affected tissue over a 3 week period. The cat was pyrexic and was initially treated with antibiotics and analgesics. A routine blood screen showed regenerative anaemia. Biochemistry was within the normal range and the cat was feline leukaemia/feline immunodeficiency virus negative. Histological examination of biopsies from the mammary masses confirmed the presence of fibroadenomatous hyperplasia. Bacterial and fungal culture of tissue samples did not reveal any pathogens. There was no history of exogenous progesterone administration in this case. A source of endogenous progesterone could not be found, although a single blood progesterone level was high (1.9 nmol/l). Clinical examination of external genitalia and abdominal ultrasound did not reveal the cat to be intersex. The cat was subsequently treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapy. The progesterone antagonist drug aglepristone was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg (off-licence use) by subcutaneous injection q24h for 3 days and then a final injection 9 days later. Surgical resection of the extremely enlarged and ulcerated mammary glands was also performed. Initial wound breakdown 10 days later required a second surgical closure. The cat made a full recovery after this treatment course and had shown no recurrence of signs 27 months later. This case is unusual as the condition occurred in a neutered male cat with no known source of progesterone.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of a ureteral device with subcutaneous port (SUB device), placed to allow the drainage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder in cats with uni- or bilateral obstructive hydronephrosis due to the presence of ureteroliths. There was accompanying azotemia due to acute renal failure, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. We collected data from five cats – three females and two males aged between 2 and 7 years. All cats were neutered, were fed with dry commercial diets and had a follow-up of 6 months to 1 year. Cats presented with depression, vomiting and anorexia. Blood tests revealed azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and decreased bicarbonate concentrations. On radiography, small radiodense structures were identified in the ureters uni- or bilaterally. Ultrasound examination revealed altered renal architecture in all cats with hydronephrosis of at least one kidney, sometimes atrophy in the contralateral kidney, ureteroliths and nephroliths. Medical stabilisation was attempted in each cat for 3–7 days without improvement, and so surgery was recommended with placement of a ureteral bypass device with a subcutaneous port (SUB-100K Norfolk) to promote the drainage of urine from the kidney to the bladder. The recovery of the animals after surgery was adequate in all cases. They were hospitalised for an average of 3 days (range 3–6). In all cases, further monitoring showed reduction of azotemia and correction of electrolytic and acid–base imbalances. Three of the cases had no postoperative complications. In one cat, the renal part of the device became dislodged and had to be replaced; in another cat there was urine leakage into the subcutaneous space around the connection of the catheters to the port, and adjustment of the connections was necessary.

DOI: 10.1177/1098612X17723247 © The Author(s) 2017

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EFFECTIVENESS OF PROVIDING A BOX, OR PARTIALLY COVERING THE CAGE FRONT, ON REDUCING CAT STRESS LEVELS POST HOSPITAL ADMISSION Charlotte R E Wright, Stephen Baugh Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK Email: [email protected] To reduce stress in hospitalised cats, the literature advises giving cats the opportunity to hide by either providing a box, or partially covering the cage front. While several studies have found that a box can help, there is currently no evidence for efficacy of the partial cover. To investigate this, 42 healthy pet cats were admitted to a veterinary practice for routine neutering and were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: 1) provision of a box (n = 14); 2) provision of a towel to partially cover the front of the cage (n = 14); or 3) control (n = 14). Behavioural observations were taken for 60 mins and sampled every 15 mins to record: 1) Kessler and Turner’s cat-stress-score (CSS); 2) location within the cage; 3) hide-seeking behaviour; and 4) use of treatment. Cats spent 71% of their time located at the back of the cage (P 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml to 102 CFU/ml, which became negative from the 12th to the last day of treatment. Pyuria also improved significantly. Yet, 6 days after treatment cessation, urine culture revealed significant recurrence of bacteriuria due to the presence of CTX-M-15-producing K pneumoniae. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis XbaI restriction of K pneumoniae isolated before and after treatment revealed a clonal relatedness index of 95–100%, thus identifying the presence of the same clone and confirming that the treatment was unsuccessful. Although a definitive clinical cure was not possible, a significant bacteriurial decrease was seen during treatment, revealing some AMC activity in vivo in urine against the ESBL-producing K pneumoniae. Thus AMC may be useful when bacteriurial reduction is desired in similar MDR UTIs (eg, prior to surgical procedures). Similar findings have also been reported in human studies. The presence of a SUB may also have contributed to the reccurrence of infection in this case. Future studies with a high number of clinical cases, including uncomplicated UTIs, need to be conducted. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X17723247 © The Author(s) 2017

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RADIODINE TREATMENT OF FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM: RESULTS FROM THE FIRST 15 CATS TREATED IN SPAIN Pilar Xifra1, Sara I Serrano1, Tania Velasco1, Mark E Peterson2 1 Iodocat, Madrid, Spain 2 Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, NY, USA Email: [email protected]

Carla S Salas1, Cátia S Marques2, Adriana I Belas2, Andreia S Franco2, Catarina S Aboim2, Constança F Pomba2 1 Instituto Veterinário D Sancho I, OneVet Group, Almada, Portugal 2 CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Email: [email protected] The increase in antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide concern and creates great therapeutic limitations. The Formula for Rational Antimicrobial Therapy (FRAT) intends to help guide physicians in the choice of empirical treatment. FRAT allows the determination of an impact factor that takes into consideration aetiological and antimicrobial susceptibility data, thus reflecting the probability that a pathogen randomly selected from the study population is susceptible to a particular antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to characterise the antimicrobial resistance in bacterial feline urinary tract infections (UTIs) using the FRAT. Susceptibility data from feline positive urine cultures obtained from 1999–2014 in the Lisbon area were retrospectively analysed. Susceptibility testing was conducted by the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antimicrobial impact factor for amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, third-generation cephalosporins and second generation fluoroquinolones was calculated using FRAT. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium. Cats were infected by a high diversity of Staphylococcus species, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus felis and Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most frequent. Antimicrobial susceptibility data from Enterobacter species, Enterococcus species, E coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus species were included in the FRAT impact factor calculation comprising a total of 88% of all UTIs. The impact factor for all the antimicrobials considered was lower than 65%. Amoxicillin/clavulanate had an impact factor close to 60%, while thirdgeneration cephalosporins, second-generation fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole impact factor ranged between 50% and 44%. This study shows an overall low impact factor for all the antimicrobials frequently used in empirical treatment of UTIs in cats. These results reinforce the need for susceptibility testing to guide antimicrobial treatment. Nevertheless, amoxicillin/clavulanate was still the antimicrobial with the highest impact factor. This study was financed through CIISA and FCT Project UID/CVT/00276/2013, FCT PhD grants SFRH/BD/77886/2011 (CSM) and SFRH/BD/113142/2015 (AIB).

2017

Fifteen Spanish hyperthyroid cats were treated with radioiodine (131I) – nine males and six females, ranging in age from 3–16 years. At the time of admission for 131 I treatment (2–4 weeks after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs or low-iodine diet), serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured (IDEXX Laboratories) and qualitative and quantitative thyroid scintigraphy were performed. Before treatment, the mean serum T4 concentration was 123 nmol/l (range 31–248 nmol/l; reference interval [RI] 11.5–49 nmol/l) and mean T3 value was 3.15 nmol/l (range 0.6–9.2 nmol/l; RI 0.7–1.6 nmol/l). Scintigraphic findings in the 15 cats included unilateral thyroid nodules (n = 6), bilateral nodules (n = 8) and multifocal disease (⩾3 nodules; n = 1). Two cats had intrathoracic masses, and one had mediastinal ectopic tissue. The dose of 131I (mean 83 mBq; range 45–156 mBq) was determined on the basis of severity of the cat’s clinical signs, serum T4 and T3 concentrations, estimated thyroid volume (measured on each cat’s thyroid scintiscan), and the percentage of thyroid uptake of the injected radionuclide (99mTc- pertechnetate). After 4 weeks of treatment, 11 of 15 cats had normal T4 concentrations. One cat had low total T4 (9 nmol/l) with a slightly high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration (0.53 ng/ml), and three cats had slightly high T4 concentrations (50 nmol/l, 52 nmol/l and 86 nmol/l). When re-checked at 3 months, all cats had normal T4 values, with three cats developing a slightly high TSH value (0.55 ng/ml, 1.65 ng/ml and 2.60 ng/ml), consistent with mild or subclinical hypothyroidism. Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism resolved in all 15 cats, with a significant (P = 0.002, paired t-test) gain in mean body weight at 3 months (from 4.1 to 4.6 kg). In conclusion, the use of thyroid scintigraphy allows confirmation of the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism before serum thyroid hormone tests are consistently abnormal, as well as determining the extent and stage of the disease (unilateral, bilateral, intrathoracic masses). Use of quantitative scintigraphy to determine both the thyroid volume and percentage of 99mTc thyroid uptake, in addition to measuring T4 and T3 concentrations, was also helpful in calculating an individualised 131I dose for each cat. Our average calculated 131I dose was relatively low, thereby decreasing radiation exposure to veterinary staff and owners. Low-dose 131I treatment may also reduce the risk of iatrogenic hypothyroidism without lowering the efficacy of the 131I treatment.

USING THE FORMULA FOR RATIONAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY (FRAT) FOR PRUDENT ANTIMICROBIAL USE IN FELINE URINARY TRACT INFECTION

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NECROTISING FASCIITIS DUE TO BETAHEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION IN A DIABETIC CAT Valentina Aybar1, Rocio García1, Isaac Carrasco2, Juan José Vega1 1 Hospital Felino Ventas, Madrid, 28028, Spain 2 CNR Veterinaris de Barcelona, Spain Email: [email protected] A 9-year-old domestic shorthair diabetic cat was evaluated for an acute onset of swelling on a forelimb, weakness, lethargy and anorexia, 5 days after arthrodesis of a metacarpal fracture with plate fixing. Skin discolouration with subcutaneous soft swelling, pyrexia of 39.6ºC, pale mucous membranes, reduced peripheral perfusion and dehydration were noted on physical examination. Preliminary diagnostic tests included aspirates of the swollen area, complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis. Abnormalities found were severe hemolytic anemia (10% hematocrit) without hypophosphatemia, elevated white cell count with no band neutrophils (24.8 X 109/l, reference interval [RI] 3.1–16.2 X 109/l), glucose of 240 mg/dl (RI 66–248 mg/dl) and fructosamine of 410 mmol/l (RI in treated diabetic cat with good control: 400–450 mmol/l). Fine-needle aspirate findings demonstrated large numbers of neutrophils with intracellular and extracellular coccoid-shaped bacteria, and samples were sent for aerobic and anaerobic culture and sensitivity testing. After 8 h of supportive treatment with intravenous fluid therapy (lactated Ringer’s solution) at 10 ml/kg/h and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at 15 mg/kg q12h PO, a large area of necrotic skin was noted. The cat was taken to surgery and an aggressive debridement was performed. Based on the acute nature of the condition and the surgical findings, a presumptive diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis was made. Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species were isolated from the exudates with high sensitivity to amoxicilin/clavulanic acid. Seventeen days later, the lesion had improved and the haematocrit had increased to 25%. Antimicrobial therapy was maintained for a further 4 weeks. Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening infection, and diabetes mellitus is the most common comorbidity associated with this disease in human medicine. Rapid recognition of this condition, followed by broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment with aggressive surgical debridement, is critical for a successful outcome. This case demonstrates that, in cats, betahemolytic Streptococcus species infection is capable of producing severe, life-threatening lesions that could quickly spread throughout the patient.

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PALATABILITY AND TOLERABILITY OF A NOVEL JOINT SUPPLEMENT IN THE CAT Jeffrey L Blair1, Sylvie Bonavaud2 1 Vetoquinol SA, Global Research and Medical Department, Paris, France 2 Vetoquinol SA, Global Pharmaceutical Development, Lure, France Email: [email protected] The high prevalence of osteoarthritis in the cat is becoming increasingly well recognised, but options for treatment remain limited. Flexadin Advanced is a novel joint supplement containing 10 mg undenatured collagen type II (UCII), which is thought to reduce inflammation associated with osteoarthritis through a mechanism called oral tolerance. The palatability and tolerability of this nutritional supplement was studied over 40 days in 33 cats. The cats included 12 neutered males and 21 intact females. All were European Shorthair, between the ages of 24 and 72 months, and weighed between 2.3 and 5.6 kg. Each cat was offered one chewable tablet formulation of Flexadin Advanced daily and consumption was monitored over 15 mins with a first evaluation at 5 mins. Physical examinations were performed at the beginning and end of the study and laboratory personnel noted any abnormal health observations daily. There were no remarkable findings on physical examination before or after the study and no appreciable changes in body weight were noted. The only event noted on daily health observations was a very low level of occasional vomiting – five episodes from a total of 1320 administrations. The consumption level rose from 58% on day 0 to 73% on day 40 (see table). Of the 33 cats, 16 (48%) consumed the tablet every day of the study, 23 (70%) consumed the tablet over 80% of the time, 20 (61%) consumed the tablet over 90% of the time, and 6 (18%) refused the tablet every day of the study. After an initial acquaintance period of 2–3 weeks, the level of consumption within 5 mins rose to over 70%.

Consumption of Flexadin Advanced in 33 cats Consumption

Day 0

Day 14

Day 40

Spontaneous

19 (58)

24 (73)

24 (73)

Partial

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Refused

12 (36)

9 (27)

9 (27)

Values are expressed as n (%)

Together, these data show that Flexadin Advanced is very palatable in the cats studied and was well tolerated on the basis of physical examinations.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE TOLERANCE IN CATS OF A NEW DIET BASED ON INSECTS AS THE PROTEIN SOURCE

FIRST IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMA PULLORUM IN A CAT AND ITS OWNER Martina Naceradska1, Sona Pekova2 Private veterinary practice for small animals, Prague, Czech Republic 2 VEMODIA a.s., Laboratory For Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic Email: [email protected]

1

Isabelle Leriche1, Sandrine Fournel2, Vanessa Chala3 Virbac Nutrition, Vauvert, France 2 Virbac Statistical Department, Carros, France 3 Virbac Medical Department, Carros, France Email: [email protected] 1

Mycoplasmas, the smallest free-living organisms, are gram-negative Mollicute bacteria. They have no cell wall, a small genome and a restricted metabolic capacity that compromises their ability to survive outside the host, so transmission is generally through close contact. Clinical mycoplasmosis is seen in both humans and animals, and non-haemotropic mycoplasma infections are most commonly associated with respiratory or urogenital disease. There are many different species of mycoplasmas, some of which may be zoonotic. Mycoplasma felis is a cause of conjunctivitis in cats, and has been associated with pneumonia in kittens. However, the link between mycoplasmas and upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is more controversial as they can be found in both healthy and diseased cats. This report describes the first case of a potential zoonotic infection with Mycoplasma pullorum. A 3-month-old Donskoy kitten was presented to the first author’s practice with URTD and conjunctivitis. The owner also reported having mild URTD herself. On clinical examination, the kitten was calm and quiet, had bilateral mucopurulent conjunctivitis and inspiratory stridor. Haematology revealed marked leucocytosis with left shift. A full profile for chlamydia, feline herpesvirus, feline coronavirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica PCR was performed in the cat. In addition, Mycoplasma species-specific PCR, coupled with direct Sanger sequencing of obtained PCR products, was performed on deep throat, conjunctiva and nose swabs (according to the literature recommendation) collected from the kitten. As the cat was positive only for Mycoplasma species, just Mycoplasma species PCR from a deep throat swab was performed in the owner. M pullorum was identified from both the kitten and the owner – the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, this organism has been identified in both a cat and a human. The kitten was treated with pradofloxacin for 3 weeks and tested negative afterwards. The owner was treated with azithromycin for 2 weeks. Clinical signs resolved for both within 7 days. Mycoplasmas may be an underdiagnosed cause of URTD, but whether the organism is a primary pathogen, secondary pathogen or commensal organism can be difficult to determine.

2017

Insects may be an alternative source of protein for animal nutrition and could represent a ‘novel’ protein source for managing adverse food reactions. Publications describe the high-quality nutritional profile of selected insect species, but there is little data on the tolerance of insect-based diets. This study was designed to evaluate the digestive tolerance of a new dry, insect-based protein source diet in adult cats. Twenty-three healthy adult client-owned cats were recruited and monitored for 28 days. After a 4 day diet transition, cats were fed exclusively with the new diet. This diet was formulated to meet ‘European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) requirement for adult cats (metabolisable energy [ME]: 355 kcal/100g; protein: 31% ME; fat: 36% ME; carbohydrate: 34% ME), and was characterised by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae as the protein source (composition: insect protein, potato starch, animal fats, mineral salts, hydrolysed pork liver, linseed, beet pulp, lignocellulose, fructooligosaccharides). Owners filled in online questionnaires at day (D)0 (basal assessment with usual diets), D7, D14 and D28. To evaluate tolerance of the diet, four parameters were assessed: faecal score (from 1 = very dry to 5 = watery; normal ⩽2.5); faecal odour (from very slightly odorous/very acceptable to very odorous/unbearable; normal ⩽mildly/slightly acceptable); faecal quantity (from very small to very large; normal ⩽medium); and frequency of flatulence (from never to several times a day; normal if never). Owners also evaluated coat condition and palatability. Wilcoxon signed rank and McNemar’s tests were used to compare results, with a 5% significance level. The tolerance of the test diet was high, with no significant changes vs usual diets. Mean faecal scores varied from 2.3 ± 0.5 at D0 to 2.2 ± 0.4 at D28 and none of the cats developed diarrhoea (highest scores were 3.5, in two cats at D7). Depending on the parameter, between 91% and 100% of cats were considered ‘normal’ at the end of the trial, compared with 74–96% at D0. At the end of the trial, palatability was described as good or very good by 74% of owners, and coat condition was unchanged, improved or degraded in 70%, 26% and 4%, respectively. These preliminary results showed good tolerance of the diet in healthy adult cats. The next step will consist of testing the diet in cats with adverse food reaction.

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CATS WITH A URINARY TRACT INFECTION ARE RESERVOIRS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT AND VIRULENT ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES 1

1

2

Adriana I Belas , Cátia S Marques , Carla S Salas , Andreia S Franco1, Constança F Pomba1 1 CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 2 Instituto Veterinário D Sancho I, OneVet group, Almada, Portugal Email: [email protected] This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and to characterise the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cats in Lisbon, Portugal. For this study, 84 E coli isolates obtained from cats with UTIs from 1999–2015 were studied. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antimicrobial resistance genes (n = 13) were screened by PCR. Extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC genes were sequenced. Determination of phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D, and pathogenicity island (PAI) markers (n = 8) were conducted by PCR. Feline E coli isolates belonged mainly to the B2 phylogenetic group (55.9%, n = 47/84), followed by group D (17.9%, n = 15/84), group A (14.3%, n = 12/84) and group B1 (11.9%, n = 10/84). Fifty percent (n = 42/84) of E coli were multidrugresistant (MDR) and belonged mostly to group B2 (33.3%, n = 14/42), followed by group D (30.9%, n = 13/42), group A (21.4%, n = 9/42) and group B1 (14.3%, n = 6/42). The majority of ESBLs/AmpCproducing E coli isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group D (53.3% n = 8/15), followed by group B1 (20%, n = 2/10), group A (8.3%, n = 1/12) and group B2 (6.4%, n = 3/47). ESBL/AmpC-producing group D E coli isolates were blaCMY-2 producers, and one also harboured blaCTX-M-9-sul1-sul2-dfrIa genes. In group B1 blaCTX-M-32 (n = 1) and blaCMY-2 (n = 1) were detected, while group A and group B2 harboured blaCTX-M-32 (n = 1) and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 2), respectively. Pathogenicity profiles of groups B2 and D E coli comprised mostly PAI I536, PAI IV536, PAI II536, PAI IIJ96, PAI ICFT073 (21.3%, n = 10/47), and PAI IV536, PAIICFT0T3 (26.6%, n = 4/15), respectively. The detection of MDR and virulent E coli isolates creates important therapeutic and animal health challenges. It is also a great public health concern as bi-directional transmission between cats and humans may occur. This study was financially supported through CIISA and FCT Project UID/CVT/00276/2013. AIB and CSM hold FCT PhD grants SFRH/BD/113142/2015 and SFRH/BD/77886/2011.

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ASSESSMENT OF WATER INTAKE AND URINE VOLUME IN CATS FED A NEW HIGH-PROTEIN HIGH-SODIUM DRY DIET Gwendoline Chaix1, Sandrine Fournel2, Isabelle Leriche3 1 Virbac Medical Department, Carros, France 2 Virbac Statistical Department, Carros, France 3 Virbac Nutrition, Vauvert, France Email: [email protected] Environmental enrichment and stress reduction are common recommendations to help manage clinical cases of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). Dietary manipulation is also commonly recommended, typically aiming to increase water intake, resulting in production of an increased volume of more dilute urine. The objective of this study was to evaluate water intake and urine volume in cats fed a new dry diet designed to help management of FIC, in comparison with a control dry diet. Eight healthy European adult neutered cats (four males and four females, mean age 4.4 ± 0.3 years, mean body weight 4.8 ± 1.2 kg) normally fed dry diets were included in the study. The study used a cross-over design with a test and control diet each being fed for 3 weeks. The two diets had different formulas in terms of ingredients and analytical constituents. The study focused on two main nutrients known to increase water intake in cats: protein and sodium, with the test diet having higher protein (117 g/Mcal) and sodium (2.88 g/Mcal) compared with the control diet, which was a commercial diet containing 84 g/Mcal protein and 0.92 g/Mcal sodium. Daily rations were calculated to maintain the cats’ body weights. After a 1 week diet transition, the cats were housed in single metabolism cages, and daily food consumption, water intake and urine volume were measured for each cat. Wilcoxon sign rank tests were performed to compare the different parameters between the two groups, with a 5% significance level. Palatability and digestive tolerance were good with both diets and the cats’ body weights remained stable. The test diet resulted in significantly higher values for all the assessed parameters, in comparison with the control diet (see table).

Mean ± SD and P values of each parameter in the control and test diets Parameter

Control diet

Test diet

P

Protein intake (g/kg BW/day)

4.07 ± 0.05

5.22 ± 0.49

0.0078

Sodium intake (g/kg BW/day)

0.045 ± 0.001 0.128 ± 0.012 0.0078

Water intake (ml/kg BW/day)

25.80 ± 7.89

32.34 ± 11.04 0.0325

Urine volume (ml/kg BW/day)

11.59 ± 3.84

15.01 ± 4.51

BW = body weight

0.0144

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These preliminary results showed that this new diet, with high protein and high sodium content, was effective in stimulating higher water intake and increasing urine volume in healthy cats compared with the commercial diet containing lower protein and sodium levels.

EVALUATION OF SERUM SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE (SDMA) CONCENTRATION AS A MARKER FOR MASKED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CATS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM Mark E Peterson1,2, Fernanda V Varela1, Mark Rishniw2, David J Polzin3 1 Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, NY, USA 2 Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA 3 University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA Email: [email protected]

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FELINE PLASMA CELL PODODERMATITIS BASED ON HISTOPATHOLOGY SUBMISSIONS TO A DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY Melanie J Dobromylskyj1,2 Finn Pathologists, Histopathology Department, Diss, UK 2 Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK Email: [email protected]

1

Feline plasma cell pododermatitis is an uncommon but well-recognised condition described in pathology and dermatology textbooks, but large-scale studies are mostly absent from the published literature. Affected cats present with purple, spongy swelling of one or multiple pads, typically the metacarpal and/or metatarsal pads, which are often criss-crossed by linear striations, giving the pad a typical gross appearance. Lesions may progress to ulceration with secondary bacterial infection, but the presence of pain and lameness varies. Previous studies have produced other variable findings, including spontaneous regression, apparent seasonality, response to treatments such as steroids, doxycycline or surgery, hypergammaglobulinaemia, and concurrent conditions including feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukaemia virus infection, glomerulonephritis and plasmacytic stomatitis. Conclusive evidence of an underlying infectious cause is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to identify a large number of cats diagnosed with plasma cell pododermatitis and to record the location of the lesion(s) and the signalment of affected cats. Cats with a diagnosis of plasma cell pododermatitis based on samples submitted to a large commercial diagnostic laboratory between 2006 and 2013 were identified by searching the laboratory database. The study population consisted of a total of 186 cats. The signalment of these cats, the month of biopsy submission, any concurrent conditions and the distribution and number of affected digits were recorded for each case. Male cats were predisposed to developing plasma cell pododermatitis in this study. The median age was 6 years for affected cats, ranging from 9 months to 17 years. There was no apparent breed predisposition or any evidence of seasonality in the histopathology submissions received. For the 158 cases with available clinical history, 83 cats (52.5%) had more than one foot affected and, of these, 24 (15.2%) had lesions affecting all four feet to some extent.

2017

Hyperthyroidism can complicate (mask) the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) because it may increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decrease body muscle mass, both of which can lower serum creatinine concentrations. As a result, many hyperthyroid cats with concurrent CKD only develop azotemia after treatment when GFR and muscle mass return to pre-hyperthyroid levels. Currently, there is no clinical test that can reliably predict which hyperthyroid cats have concurrent azotemic CKD. In this study, we evaluated the use of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration as a potential marker/predictor of masked azotemic CKD in cats with untreated hyperthyroidism. In 221 cats with hyperthyroidism (aged 6–18 years), we collected serum for evaluation of creatinine, SDMA and thyroid panel (thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone) before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with radioiodine (131I). Reference intervals for serum creatinine (0.6–2.0 mg/dl) and SDMA (5–14 µg/dl) were determined using 165 clinically normal cats (aged 7–20 years) that did not have any evidence of CKD. None of the 221 hyperthyroid cats were azotemic prior to treatment, but 46 (20.8%) became azotemic 3–12 months after 131I. Median (interquartile range; IQR) serum creatinine concentrations in the 46 cats with masked azotemia increased from 1.45 (1.28–1.8) mg/dl to 2.5 (2.2–2.8) mg/dl (P

research abstracts accepted for presentation at the World Feline Congress 2017.

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