625
Editorial
References
11. Kassai I, Mihalcz A, Foldesi C, Kardos A, Szili-Torok T. A novel approach for endocardial resynchronization therapy: initial experience with transapical implantation of the left ventricular lead. Heart Surg Forum 2009;12:E137 – 40. 12. van Gelder BM, Houthuizen P, Bracke FA. Transseptal left ventricular endocardial pacing: preliminary experience from a femoral approach with subclavian pullthrough. Europace 2011;13:1454 –8. 13. Supple GE, Ren JF, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Mobile thrombus on device leads in patients undergoing ablation: identification, incidence, location, and association with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Circulation 2011; 124:772–8. 14. DeSimone CV, Friedman PA, Noheria A, Patel NA, DeSimone DC, Bdeir S et al. Stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with transvenous pacemaker or defibrillator and echocardiographically detected patent foramen ovale. Circulation 2013; 128:1433 –41. 15. Rademakers LM, van Gelder BM, Scheffer MG, Bracke FA. Mid-term follow up of thromboembolic complications in left ventricular endocardial cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm 2014;11:609 – 13. 16. Abu Sham’a R, Buber J, Grupper A, Nof E, Kuperstein R, Luria D et al. Effects of tricuspid valve regurgitation on clinical and echocardiographic outcome in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2013;15:266–72. 17. Leon AR, Abraham WT, Brozena S, Daubert JP, Fisher WG, Gurley JC et al. Cardiac resynchronization with sequential biventricular pacing for the treatment of moderate-to-severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46: 2298 –304. 18. Asirvatham SJ, Bruce CJ, Danielsen A, Johnson SB, Okumura Y, Kathmann E et al. Intramyocardial pacing and sensing for the enhancement of cardiac stimulation and sensing specificity. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30:748 – 54. 19. Henz BD, Friedman PA, Bruce CJ, Okumura Y, Johnson SB, Danielsen A et al. Synchronous ventricular pacing without crossing the tricuspid valve or entering the coronary sinus—preliminary results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20: 1391 – 7.
EP CASE EXPRESS
doi:10.1093/europace/eut390 Online publish-ahead-of-print 23 January 2014
.............................................................................................................................................................................
Removal of a chronically implanted active-fixation coronary sinus & pacing lead using the Cook Evolution lead extraction sheath Alexander Kypta*, Simon Ho¨nig, and Clemens Steinwender Cardiovascular Division, General and University Teaching Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstrase 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
* Corresponding author. Tel: +43 732780673210; fax: +43 73278066205, Email: [email protected]
In this case, a unipolar active-fixation coronary sinus lead (Star Fixw) had to be removed because of severe infection. For lead removal, a venous lead entry site approach with a transvenous mechanical dilator technique was used. However, the lead could not be extracted, as its polyurethane lobes, expanded in the lateral coronary vein, could not be relaxed. A 9F mechanical dilator sheath (Evolutionw), was then advanced through the coronary sinus into the lateral coronary vein. It was possible to reach the tip of the StarFixw and to extract the entire lead. Immediately after the procedure, a discrete pericardial effusion was seen. This effusion disappeared without the need for pericardiocentesis within 3 days. Extraction of chronically implanted active-fixation coronary sinus leads can be extremely challenging. Within the coronary sinus or coronary veins, mechanical dilator sheaths like the Evolutionw should only be used by experienced operators because of potential risks for severe complications. Thus, active-fixation coronary leads should only be implanted, if there are no other options. The full-length version of this report can be viewed at: http://www.escardio.org/ communities/EHRA/publications/ep-case-reports/Documents/removal-of-achronically-implanted.pdf.
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. & The Author 2014. For permissions please email: [email protected].
Downloaded from by guest on June 15, 2015
1. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140 – 50. 2. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539 –49. 3. Padeletti L, Paoletti Perini A, Gronda E. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: the issue of non-response. Heart Fail Rev 2012;17:97–105. 4. Garrigue S, Jais P, Espil G, Labeque JN, Hocini M, Shah DC et al. Comparison of chronic biventricular pacing between epicardial and endocardial left ventricular stimulation using Doppler tissue imaging in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:858 –62. 5. Auricchio A, Delnoy PP, Butter C, Brachmann J, Van Erven L, Spitzer S et al. Feasibility, safety, and short-term outcome of leadless ultrasound-based endocardial left ventricular resynchronization in heart failure patients: results of the Wireless Stimulation Endocardially for CRT (WiSE-CRT) study. Europace 2014;16:681 –88. 6. Biffi M, Moschini C, Bertini M, Saporito D, Ziacchi M, Diemberger I et al. Phrenic stimulation: a challenge for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:402 –10. 7. van Rees JB, de Bie MK, Thijssen J, Borleffs CJ, Schalij MJ, van Erven L. Implantationrelated complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:995–1000. 8. Berruezo A, Mont L, Nava S, Chueca E, Bartholomay E, Brugada J. Electrocardiographic recognition of the epicardial origin of ventricular tachycardias. Circulation 2004;109:1842 –7. 9. Fish JM, Brugada J, Antzelevitch C. Potential proarrhythmic effects of biventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2340 –7. 10. Betts TR, Gamble JH, Khiani R, Bashir Y, Rajappan K. Development of a technique for left ventricular endocardial pacing via puncture of the interventricular septum. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:17–22.
Editorial
References
11. Kassai I, Mihalcz A, Foldesi C, Kardos A, Szili-Torok T. A novel approach for endocardial resynchronization therapy: initial experience with transapical implantation of the left ventricular lead. Heart Surg Forum 2009;12:E137 – 40. 12. van Gelder BM, Houthuizen P, Bracke FA. Transseptal left ventricular endocardial pacing: preliminary experience from a femoral approach with subclavian pullthrough. Europace 2011;13:1454 –8. 13. Supple GE, Ren JF, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Mobile thrombus on device leads in patients undergoing ablation: identification, incidence, location, and association with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Circulation 2011; 124:772–8. 14. DeSimone CV, Friedman PA, Noheria A, Patel NA, DeSimone DC, Bdeir S et al. Stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with transvenous pacemaker or defibrillator and echocardiographically detected patent foramen ovale. Circulation 2013; 128:1433 –41. 15. Rademakers LM, van Gelder BM, Scheffer MG, Bracke FA. Mid-term follow up of thromboembolic complications in left ventricular endocardial cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm 2014;11:609 – 13. 16. Abu Sham’a R, Buber J, Grupper A, Nof E, Kuperstein R, Luria D et al. Effects of tricuspid valve regurgitation on clinical and echocardiographic outcome in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2013;15:266–72. 17. Leon AR, Abraham WT, Brozena S, Daubert JP, Fisher WG, Gurley JC et al. Cardiac resynchronization with sequential biventricular pacing for the treatment of moderate-to-severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46: 2298 –304. 18. Asirvatham SJ, Bruce CJ, Danielsen A, Johnson SB, Okumura Y, Kathmann E et al. Intramyocardial pacing and sensing for the enhancement of cardiac stimulation and sensing specificity. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30:748 – 54. 19. Henz BD, Friedman PA, Bruce CJ, Okumura Y, Johnson SB, Danielsen A et al. Synchronous ventricular pacing without crossing the tricuspid valve or entering the coronary sinus—preliminary results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20: 1391 – 7.
EP CASE EXPRESS
doi:10.1093/europace/eut390 Online publish-ahead-of-print 23 January 2014
.............................................................................................................................................................................
Removal of a chronically implanted active-fixation coronary sinus & pacing lead using the Cook Evolution lead extraction sheath Alexander Kypta*, Simon Ho¨nig, and Clemens Steinwender Cardiovascular Division, General and University Teaching Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstrase 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
* Corresponding author. Tel: +43 732780673210; fax: +43 73278066205, Email: [email protected]
In this case, a unipolar active-fixation coronary sinus lead (Star Fixw) had to be removed because of severe infection. For lead removal, a venous lead entry site approach with a transvenous mechanical dilator technique was used. However, the lead could not be extracted, as its polyurethane lobes, expanded in the lateral coronary vein, could not be relaxed. A 9F mechanical dilator sheath (Evolutionw), was then advanced through the coronary sinus into the lateral coronary vein. It was possible to reach the tip of the StarFixw and to extract the entire lead. Immediately after the procedure, a discrete pericardial effusion was seen. This effusion disappeared without the need for pericardiocentesis within 3 days. Extraction of chronically implanted active-fixation coronary sinus leads can be extremely challenging. Within the coronary sinus or coronary veins, mechanical dilator sheaths like the Evolutionw should only be used by experienced operators because of potential risks for severe complications. Thus, active-fixation coronary leads should only be implanted, if there are no other options. The full-length version of this report can be viewed at: http://www.escardio.org/ communities/EHRA/publications/ep-case-reports/Documents/removal-of-achronically-implanted.pdf.
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. & The Author 2014. For permissions please email: [email protected].
Downloaded from by guest on June 15, 2015
1. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140 – 50. 2. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539 –49. 3. Padeletti L, Paoletti Perini A, Gronda E. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: the issue of non-response. Heart Fail Rev 2012;17:97–105. 4. Garrigue S, Jais P, Espil G, Labeque JN, Hocini M, Shah DC et al. Comparison of chronic biventricular pacing between epicardial and endocardial left ventricular stimulation using Doppler tissue imaging in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:858 –62. 5. Auricchio A, Delnoy PP, Butter C, Brachmann J, Van Erven L, Spitzer S et al. Feasibility, safety, and short-term outcome of leadless ultrasound-based endocardial left ventricular resynchronization in heart failure patients: results of the Wireless Stimulation Endocardially for CRT (WiSE-CRT) study. Europace 2014;16:681 –88. 6. Biffi M, Moschini C, Bertini M, Saporito D, Ziacchi M, Diemberger I et al. Phrenic stimulation: a challenge for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:402 –10. 7. van Rees JB, de Bie MK, Thijssen J, Borleffs CJ, Schalij MJ, van Erven L. Implantationrelated complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:995–1000. 8. Berruezo A, Mont L, Nava S, Chueca E, Bartholomay E, Brugada J. Electrocardiographic recognition of the epicardial origin of ventricular tachycardias. Circulation 2004;109:1842 –7. 9. Fish JM, Brugada J, Antzelevitch C. Potential proarrhythmic effects of biventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2340 –7. 10. Betts TR, Gamble JH, Khiani R, Bashir Y, Rajappan K. Development of a technique for left ventricular endocardial pacing via puncture of the interventricular septum. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:17–22.
