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BJO Online First, published on December 8, 2014 as 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306075 Clinical science
Relationship of systemic endothelial function and peripheral arterial stiffness with diabetic retinopathy Laurence S Lim,1,2,3 Lieng H Ling,4,5 Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung,1,2 Peng Guan Ong,1 Lingli Gong,5 E Shyong Tai,1 Ranjana Mathur,1 Doric Wong,1 Wallace Foulds,1 Tien Yin Wong1,2 1
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Gradate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 3 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA 4 Cardiac Department, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore 5 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Correspondence to Professor Tien Yin Wong, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore; [email protected] Received 29 August 2014 Revised 4 November 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014
ABSTRACT Background To investigate possible associations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness measured using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational clinical study. Subjects with diabetes were recruited and DR was graded from retinal photographs. Systemic endothelial function was measured using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) and expressed as the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI). Peripheral arterial stiffness was measured using the same device and expressed as the augmentation index (AI). Results In total, 164 eyes of 95 Chinese patients were evaluated. The mean age of the subject eyes was 60.1 ±8.2 years and 76.8% were men. The mean duration of diabetes was 15.5±9.8 years, and the mean HbA1c was 8.1±1.4%. In age–gender-adjusted models, increasing severity of DR was associated with increasing mean RHI ( p=0.001) and increasing mean AI ( p
BJO Online First, published on December 8, 2014 as 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306075 Clinical science
Relationship of systemic endothelial function and peripheral arterial stiffness with diabetic retinopathy Laurence S Lim,1,2,3 Lieng H Ling,4,5 Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung,1,2 Peng Guan Ong,1 Lingli Gong,5 E Shyong Tai,1 Ranjana Mathur,1 Doric Wong,1 Wallace Foulds,1 Tien Yin Wong1,2 1
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Gradate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 3 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA 4 Cardiac Department, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore 5 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Correspondence to Professor Tien Yin Wong, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore; [email protected] Received 29 August 2014 Revised 4 November 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014
ABSTRACT Background To investigate possible associations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness measured using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational clinical study. Subjects with diabetes were recruited and DR was graded from retinal photographs. Systemic endothelial function was measured using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) and expressed as the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI). Peripheral arterial stiffness was measured using the same device and expressed as the augmentation index (AI). Results In total, 164 eyes of 95 Chinese patients were evaluated. The mean age of the subject eyes was 60.1 ±8.2 years and 76.8% were men. The mean duration of diabetes was 15.5±9.8 years, and the mean HbA1c was 8.1±1.4%. In age–gender-adjusted models, increasing severity of DR was associated with increasing mean RHI ( p=0.001) and increasing mean AI ( p
