EURURO-5384; No. of Pages 6 EUROPEAN UROLOGY XXX (2013) XXX–XXX
available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com
Platinum Priority – Kidney Cancer Editorial by XXX on pp. x–y of this issue
R-LESS Partial Nephrectomy Trifecta Outcome Is Inferior to Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparative Analysis Christos Komninos a,b, Tae Young Shin c, Patrick Tuliao a, Young Eun Yoon a, Kyo Chul Koo a, Chien-Hsiang Chang a, Sang Woon Kim a, Ji Yong Ha a, Woong Kyu Han a, Koon Ho Rha a,* a
Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;
b
Department of Urology, General
c
Hospital of Nikaia ‘St. Panteleimon’, Athens, Greece; Department of Urology, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, Hallym Medical College, Chuncheon, South Korea
Article info
Abstract
Article history: Accepted October 31, 2013 Published online ahead of print on November 11, 2013
Background: Trifecta achievement in partial nephrectomy (PN) is defined as the combination of warm ischemia time 20 min, negative surgical margins, and no surgical complications. Objective: To compare trifecta achievement between robotic, laparoendoscopic, singlesite (R-LESS) PN and multiport robotic PN (RPN). Design, setting, and participants: Data from 167 patients who underwent RPN from 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Primary outcome measurement was trifecta achievement; secondary outcome was the perioperative and postoperative comparison between groups. The measurements were estimated and analyzed with SPSS v.18 using univariable, multivariable, and subgroup analyses. Results and limitations: Eighty-nine patients were treated with RPN and 78 were treated with R-LESS PN. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. Trifecta was achieved in 38 patients (42.7%) in the multiport RPN group and 20 patients (25.6%) in the R-LESS PN group ( p = 0.021). Patients in the R-LESS PN group had longer mean operative time, warm ischemia time, and increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) percentage change. No significant differences were found between the two groups in days of hospitalization, blood loss, postoperative eGFR, positive surgical margins, and surgical complications. Patients with increased PADUA and RENAL scores, infiltration of the collecting system, and renal sinus involvement had an increased probability of not achieving the trifecta. In regression analysis, the type of procedure and the tumor size could predict trifecta accomplishment ( p = 0.019 and 0.043, respectively). The retrospective study, the low number of series, and the controversial definition of trifecta were the main limitations. Conclusions: The trifecta was achieved in significantly more patients who underwent multiport RPN than those who underwent R-LESS PN. R-LESS PN could be an alternative option for patients with decreased tumor size, low PADUA and RENAL scores, and without renal sinus or collecting system involvement. Patient summary: In this study, we looked at the outcomes of patients who had undergone robotic partial nephrectomy. We found that conventional robotic partial nephrectomy is superior to R-LESS partial nephrectomy with regard to the accomplishment of negative margins, reduced warm ischemia time, and minimal surgical complications. # 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.
Keywords: Laparoendoscopic single-site Partial nephrectomy Renal cell carcinoma Robotic surgery
* Corresponding author. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Tel. +82 2 2228 2310; Fax: +82 2 312 2538. E-mail address: [email protected] (K.H. Rha). 0302-2838/$ – see back matter # 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.058
Please cite this article in press as: Komninos C, et al. R-LESS Partial Nephrectomy Trifecta Outcome Is Inferior to Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparative Analysis. Eur Urol (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.058
EURURO-5384; No. of Pages 6 2
EUROPEAN UROLOGY XXX (2013) XXX–XXX
1.
Introduction
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2–3% of all cancers [1]. The use of imaging techniques has increased the detection of smaller and lower-stage renal tumors, providing the opportunity to perform nephron-sparing surgery to treat RCC [2]. Robot-assisted, multiport, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RPN) is a minimally invasive technique that has gained momentum worldwide for the treatment of small and medium-sized renal masses [3]. With increasing experience in robotic surgeries, there has been a dramatic increase in the adoption of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery in urology, since LESS is considered an approach that achieves cosmetic outcomes superior to those of the multiport technique [4–6]. It has been established that positive margins, functional outcomes, and patient safety must remain the surgeon’s top priority in the treatment of a patient having a malignant tumor. Thus, the term trifecta was introduced to estimate multiport RPN success [7]. However, trifecta achievement is not well studied in the R-LESS PN technique. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of our R-LESS PN and multiport RPN series aiming at comparing the possibility of trifecta achievement and the perioperative and postoperative outcomes between these procedures. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out comparing trifecta achievement in the multiport RPN versus R-LESS PN approach. 2.
Materials and methods
2.1.
Patient selection and outcome measurements
Data from 167 patients with renal tumor who underwent multiport RPN and R-LESS PN by a single surgeon in a tertiary institute between October 2006 and July 2012 were obtained and retrospectively analyzed from our prospectively maintained institutional review board–approved database. The main outcome measurement was trifecta achievement; secondary outcome measurements were operative time, days of hospitalization (length of stay [LOS]), estimated blood loss (EBL), and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its percentage change. Based on the published articles regarding trifecta accomplishment and the impact of warm ischemia time (WIT) in renal function, we defined trifecta achievement as a combination of WIT 20 min or
available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com
Platinum Priority – Kidney Cancer Editorial by XXX on pp. x–y of this issue
R-LESS Partial Nephrectomy Trifecta Outcome Is Inferior to Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparative Analysis Christos Komninos a,b, Tae Young Shin c, Patrick Tuliao a, Young Eun Yoon a, Kyo Chul Koo a, Chien-Hsiang Chang a, Sang Woon Kim a, Ji Yong Ha a, Woong Kyu Han a, Koon Ho Rha a,* a
Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;
b
Department of Urology, General
c
Hospital of Nikaia ‘St. Panteleimon’, Athens, Greece; Department of Urology, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, Hallym Medical College, Chuncheon, South Korea
Article info
Abstract
Article history: Accepted October 31, 2013 Published online ahead of print on November 11, 2013
Background: Trifecta achievement in partial nephrectomy (PN) is defined as the combination of warm ischemia time 20 min, negative surgical margins, and no surgical complications. Objective: To compare trifecta achievement between robotic, laparoendoscopic, singlesite (R-LESS) PN and multiport robotic PN (RPN). Design, setting, and participants: Data from 167 patients who underwent RPN from 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Primary outcome measurement was trifecta achievement; secondary outcome was the perioperative and postoperative comparison between groups. The measurements were estimated and analyzed with SPSS v.18 using univariable, multivariable, and subgroup analyses. Results and limitations: Eighty-nine patients were treated with RPN and 78 were treated with R-LESS PN. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. Trifecta was achieved in 38 patients (42.7%) in the multiport RPN group and 20 patients (25.6%) in the R-LESS PN group ( p = 0.021). Patients in the R-LESS PN group had longer mean operative time, warm ischemia time, and increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) percentage change. No significant differences were found between the two groups in days of hospitalization, blood loss, postoperative eGFR, positive surgical margins, and surgical complications. Patients with increased PADUA and RENAL scores, infiltration of the collecting system, and renal sinus involvement had an increased probability of not achieving the trifecta. In regression analysis, the type of procedure and the tumor size could predict trifecta accomplishment ( p = 0.019 and 0.043, respectively). The retrospective study, the low number of series, and the controversial definition of trifecta were the main limitations. Conclusions: The trifecta was achieved in significantly more patients who underwent multiport RPN than those who underwent R-LESS PN. R-LESS PN could be an alternative option for patients with decreased tumor size, low PADUA and RENAL scores, and without renal sinus or collecting system involvement. Patient summary: In this study, we looked at the outcomes of patients who had undergone robotic partial nephrectomy. We found that conventional robotic partial nephrectomy is superior to R-LESS partial nephrectomy with regard to the accomplishment of negative margins, reduced warm ischemia time, and minimal surgical complications. # 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.
Keywords: Laparoendoscopic single-site Partial nephrectomy Renal cell carcinoma Robotic surgery
* Corresponding author. Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Tel. +82 2 2228 2310; Fax: +82 2 312 2538. E-mail address: [email protected] (K.H. Rha). 0302-2838/$ – see back matter # 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.058
Please cite this article in press as: Komninos C, et al. R-LESS Partial Nephrectomy Trifecta Outcome Is Inferior to Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparative Analysis. Eur Urol (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.058
EURURO-5384; No. of Pages 6 2
EUROPEAN UROLOGY XXX (2013) XXX–XXX
1.
Introduction
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2–3% of all cancers [1]. The use of imaging techniques has increased the detection of smaller and lower-stage renal tumors, providing the opportunity to perform nephron-sparing surgery to treat RCC [2]. Robot-assisted, multiport, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RPN) is a minimally invasive technique that has gained momentum worldwide for the treatment of small and medium-sized renal masses [3]. With increasing experience in robotic surgeries, there has been a dramatic increase in the adoption of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery in urology, since LESS is considered an approach that achieves cosmetic outcomes superior to those of the multiport technique [4–6]. It has been established that positive margins, functional outcomes, and patient safety must remain the surgeon’s top priority in the treatment of a patient having a malignant tumor. Thus, the term trifecta was introduced to estimate multiport RPN success [7]. However, trifecta achievement is not well studied in the R-LESS PN technique. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of our R-LESS PN and multiport RPN series aiming at comparing the possibility of trifecta achievement and the perioperative and postoperative outcomes between these procedures. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out comparing trifecta achievement in the multiport RPN versus R-LESS PN approach. 2.
Materials and methods
2.1.
Patient selection and outcome measurements
Data from 167 patients with renal tumor who underwent multiport RPN and R-LESS PN by a single surgeon in a tertiary institute between October 2006 and July 2012 were obtained and retrospectively analyzed from our prospectively maintained institutional review board–approved database. The main outcome measurement was trifecta achievement; secondary outcome measurements were operative time, days of hospitalization (length of stay [LOS]), estimated blood loss (EBL), and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its percentage change. Based on the published articles regarding trifecta accomplishment and the impact of warm ischemia time (WIT) in renal function, we defined trifecta achievement as a combination of WIT 20 min or
