Psoroptic Scabies in Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from Wyoming Author(s): A. L. Muschenheim, E. T. Thome, E. S. Williams, S. H. Anderson, and F. C. Wright Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 26(4):554-557. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.554 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.554

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Journal

of Wildlife

Diseases,

© Wildlife

Psoroptic (Ovis

Scabies

in Rocky

canadensis

Mountain

canadensis)

from

Bighorn

26(4), 1990, pp. 554-557 Disease Association 1990

Sheep

Wyoming

A. L. Muschenheim,’ E. T. Thorne,2 E. S. Williams,3 S. H. Anderson,4 and F. C. Wright,5 ‘Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Box 3166 University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA; 2 Game and Fish Department, Box 3312 University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1190 Jackson, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA; 4Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming, Box 3166 University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA; KniplingBushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 232, Kerrville, Texas 78029, USA

ABSTRACT: Thirteen Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) with dinical signs of psoroptic scabies were captured in Wyoming. Signs included droopy ears, depilation on the head and neck, and exudate in the ears. Mites were identified as either Psoroptes cervinus or P. equi. Two ewes with scabies at the time of original capture had no clinical signs of mite infection 1 and 2 yr later. Key words: Scabies, Psoroptes cervinus, Psoroptes equi, Psoroptes ovis, Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis canadensis, case reports.

Psoroptes major

ovis

P. cervinus

and

were

across

present

Wyoming

and was thought zootics southwest horn Mountains and the Wind 1937). there

in bighorn

sheep

Frost (1942) authenticated

Mountain canadensis)

herds

south en

shone infected

18

(0.

and

canadensis

nelsoni)

5ev-

the

Sho-

and

1984 1985).

were Many

cluding droopy ears, alopecia on the head, neck and back, and exudate in the ears. During February and March 1986 and 1987, 11 ewes and two young rams exhibiting clinical signs of scabies were captured

reported reports

approximately Wyoming

in the

64 (USA)

km southwest on the South

lower

areas

(44#{176}12’N, and vegetation where

the

of Fork

Cody, of the

109#{176}35’W). sagebnush/ types exist bighorn

sheep

were immobilized hydrochloride (Ke-

taset, Veterinary Products, Bristol Laboratories, Syracuse, New York 13201, USA) and 260 to 340 mg xylazine hydrochloride

of desmexion

1984).

in these herds have been clinical signs of scabies in-

graze. Bighorn sheep with 320 mg ketamine

cana)

to

Mountains Thonne and Creek herd from

River herds in 1983 (Irwin and Hunley,

decades there were few reports of scabies in bighonn sheep since the early epizootics. More recently, scabies due to P. ovis was declines canadensis

bighorn

et al.,

examined

Shoshone River Sagebrush/wheatgnass wheatgrass/ juniper

with population sheep (0.

et al., ovis. known

Absanoka 1964; the Camp

of scabies in bighorn sheep in Wyoming for many years prior to 1942. No cases were documented again until 1963 (Hepworth, 1963). Similarly, until the last few

associated ert bighorn

Mountain currently

(Thorne

sheep

other bighorns observed with

herds

canfrom

the herds that winter on the and the South Fork of the Sho-

of Jackson of

(0.

1984 (Foreyt as Psoroptes

are

shone River in the (Howe and Hepworth, Walthall, 1982) and

a

Range in taken from

sheep transplanted

of Rocky

in Wyoming

be infested; North Fork

Wildlife Mites

bighorn

to Oregon in were identified

Three

(USA) in the late 1800’s to be responsible for epiof Cody and in the Big(Honess and Frost, 1942) Riven Mountains (Seton,

Honess and had been no

Rocky adensis

sheep

in the

was

Desert National (Decker, 1970).

Idaho 1985)

decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations in the United States (Ward, 1915; Wright et al., 1933; Bailey, 1936; Seton, 1937; Packard, 1946). Scabies

factor

on the Nevada

the

(Rompun, Haven-Lockhart, Bayvet Division, Cutter Laboratories, Inc., Shawnee, Kansas 66201, USA), on 3 mg carfentanil

San Andres National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (Lange et al., 1980), in northwestern Arizona (Welsh and Bunch, 1983), and

citrate 554

(Wildnil,

Wildlife

Laboratories,

SHORT

Inc.,

Fort

Collins,

and 15 mg istened by

Colorado

xylazine projectile

hydrochloride ratonies, Inc.

,

80525,

hydrochloride syringe.

(Antagonil, Fort Collins,

Wildlife Colorado

USA) was used to reverse xylazine immobilization.

Laboratories, 80525,

(M50-50,

D-M

Labo80525,

ketamine Carfentanil

xylazine immobilization was w ith naloxone hydrochloride Wildlife Colorado

USA)

adminYohimbine

Inc., USA),

and and

antagonized (Naloxone,

Inc.,

red and raw cases the meplug. Lesions

on other areas were similar less severe or extensive.

but

Mites ples

were

from

observed

five

of

of several only one

animals individual.

ing

ear

and

swab

USA)

on P.

matics

and

USDA, Beltsville,

Agricultural Maryland

and with

photographs lesions and

were physical

made ap-

pearance. Four skin scrapings were taken from the peripheral region of the most encrusted lesions at the junction with nonmal skin on each individual. For some samples hair oven areas to be scraped was clipped Mineral

to increase ease oil was applied

and, using approximately until blood

a fresh

in plastic both ears

bags. with

stored When were

mites. location

removed bags. Skin

Swabs cotton

were tipped

taken swabs,

tubes scabs

with rubber of exudate

from

the

All mite scrapings

ears

and

outer ments

n

=

sheep ho (1

from

from New 134-140

in

samples were ref rigand ear swabs were

Agricultural

L.

setae range

mites)

Biosyste-

Insects

Institute, Service, USA). The

(005) 107 were

measureto 314 m longer

than =

Mexico, Arizona, and Idaxm, Wright et al., 1984). of the

genus

Psoroptes

to

1958,

nine

all

With were

Prior

were described. P. natalensis

ered to be so similar fication was difficult.

that specific Although there

difference,

that species physiological

78029,

Smiley,

for P. ovis from domestic xm, Sweatman, 1958; X et al., 1983) and bighorn

taxonomy

morphological

identified

Research 20705,

zm,

31

=

Mites were skin of ears

Texas

Beneficial

or varieties ception of

stoppers. and debris

(R.

opisthosomal (: = 182 42

in

Wright, KnipInsects Re-

Kerrville,

equi

those reported sheep (: = 122 131 tm, Wright

sam-

sheep

USDA,

Service,

controversial.

from and

stoned

swab

were

(F. C. Livestock

Laboratory,

Research

The

scalpel blade, a scraping 1.5 by 1.5 cm was taken showed. Scrapings were stored

in glass present,

plastic erated.

of locating to each

ear

bighorn

samples

penicillin G benzathine and penicillin procaine, Tech America Group, Inc., wood, Kansas 66024, USA) were given

search

generally

but from the body on Mites from skin scrap-

as either P. cenvinus ling-Bushland U.S.

all animals. Drawings of the areas

in

seven

Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA) on naltrexone hydrochloride (Naltrexone, Wildlife Laboratories, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA). Antibiotics (Dual-Pen, G Elto

555

epidermis underneath was with senous exudate. In some atus was blocked with a solid

1986 and four of six in 1987. present in scrapings from the

Fort Collins, diprenorphine

Pharmaceuticals,

COMMUNICATIONS

were host differences.

it was

is

species the exconsididentiis little believed

specific indicating Sweatman (1958)

examined (100 x)

under a dissecting microscope for the presence of psoroptic mites

suggested a simplified nomenclature based on monphometnic measurements of the outer opisthosomal setae (OOS) on adult male mites and location of lesions on the

within

48

host.

hr

of collection.

Most the face

lesions occurred and head. Lesions

present

from

to the outer ized by scabs

the

external

surface and of yellowish

in the ears or on on the ears were auditory were white

that the methods

meatus characterdried

rous exudate, exfoliated epidermis taining loosened hairs and off-white When this crusty layer was removed

This

However, tic mites

se-

conmites. the

system

is currently

widely

recent data comparing from a variety of hosts system need

is inadequate to be developed

and

used. psoropindicate

alternate (Wright

al., 1981, 1983, 1984). Sweatman (1958) indicates there is overlap in morphometnic measurements of P. ovis and P. cenvinus making

these

species

very

difficult

to iden-

et

556

JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES. VOL. 26, NO.4, OCTOBER

tify; he suggested that these be closely related. Although bighorn sheep

species in

Wyoming

body,

been

mortality

has

not

ming, BAILEY,

sheep and

in New Arizona

Mexico (Welsh

(Lange and

100 m, 1 and 2 yr gross signs of scabies. caused by infestation at 200

scope

Reports increasing. had this

et al., Bunch,

mary

necessarily infested ewes scope within

after capture without Damage to the ears is visible by spotting

meters.

of scabies Considering

on wild should

not

in bighorn sheep are the impact scabies

sheep populations historically be cause for concern. Prelim-

studies

using

psoroptic scabies had encouraging 1983). Further epizootiology sheep.

ivermectin in desert results

research and control

to

and

C.

Riner,

stock search

handling

sheep et al.,

is needed of scabies

on the in wild

Knipling-Bushland

Kerrville, the

(OOS) and Beneficial Research riculture,

Texas 78029, outer opisthosomal

for setae

R. L. Smiley, Biosystematic Insects Institute (Agricultural

and

U.S. Department Maryland 20705,

for identification proprietary product endorsement culture.

Live-

USA)

Service, Beltsville,

of

PACKARD,

or a recommendation by

the

U.S.

Department

mexicana)

of

in

New

zones

Mexico.

of this of Agri-

M. 1946. An ecological sheep in Rocky Mountain Journal of Mammalogy

SETON, E. T. 1937. Lives of game The Country Life Press, Garden 870

of

Journal

study

of

the

National Park, 27: 3-28. animals, Vol. III. City, New York,

pp. G. K.

SWEATMAN,

validity

of

mange

mites.

1958.

the

On

species

in

Canadian

the

life

history

Psoroptes,

and

a genus

Journal

of

Zoology

of 36:

905-929.

a an

F.

bighorn Colorado.

of AgUSA)

mites. Mention does not constitute

life

of Wildlife Diseases 10: 77-82.

Insects Laboratory (Agricultural ReService, U.S. Department of Agri-

culture, measuring

product

canadensis

Jayme

U.S.

and

Fauna 55: 64-70. DECKER, in desert bighorn sheep of the Desert National Wildlife Range. Desert Bighorn Council 1970 Transactions 14: 107-108. FOREYT, W. J. , V. COGGINS, AND T. PARKER. 1985. Psoroptes ovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 456-457. HEPwORTH, W. G. 1963. Disease diagnosis in mammals and birds. Job Performance Report, FW-3R-10, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, Wyoming, pp. 1-17. HONESS, R. F., AND N. M. FROST. 1942. A Wyoming bighorn sheep study. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Bulletin Number 1, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 127 pp. HowE, D. L. , AND W. G. HEPwORTH. 1964. Disease diagnosis in mammals and birds. Job Performance Report, FW-3-R-11, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, Wyoming, pp. 5L. L., AND K. P. HURLEY. 1985. The Trout Peak bighorn sheep herd, northwest Wyoming, final report. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 173 pp. KINZER, H. C., W. P. MELENEY, R. E. LANG, JR., AND W. E. HOUGHTON. 1983. Preliminary evaluation of ivermectin for the control of Psoroptes avis in desert bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 19: 52-54. LANCE, R. E. , A. V. SANDOVAL, AND W. P. MELENEY. 1980. Psoroptic scabies in bighorn sheep (Ovis

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1-.33. 1936.

Oregon.

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pp. V.

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Psoroptic scabies in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from Wyoming.

Thirteen Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) with clinical signs of psoroptic scabies were captured in Wyoming. Signs included d...
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