PROGRESS OF THE REPEATERS OF THE CLASS OF 1912 OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF
WASHINGTON, By Katiierine IT.
Principal of
the Ross
D.
C.
Bevard,
School, Washington,
D. C.
This study was undertaken with the purpose of ascertaining to what extent the eighth grade pupils of 1912 in the Washington Public Schools had repeated grades in their progress through the schools, in which grades the repeating occurred, and what the causes of the
repeating were. By means of printed blanks, Dr. William M. Davidson, the superintendent of public schools, collected the data for the study just before the mid-year promotions of February 1, 1912, at which time there were enrolled in the eighth grade 3243 children of whom 2433 were white and 810 colored (tables 8 and 9). The printed blanks consisted of a "Pupil's Sheet" for every pupil who had ever skipped or repeated a grade, and a "Teacher's Sheet" the
on
which the teacher condensed the information contained the
pupils' sheets. Both sets of papers were then collected by supervising principals and sent to the superintendent's office. The "Pupil's Sheet" called for the following date:
on
1.. Name. 2. Sex. 3. Date of birth. 4. Age to nearest half year. 5. Private schools attended. 0. Other
public schools attended. 7. Grade first entered when starting to school.
A list of the sixteen grades (1A to SB) was then given, opposite which were recorded the grades skipped, grades repeated, and the cause of repeating. The results of the
investigation have been tabulated in sections white and the four colored divisions of the public schools. Seven tables were prepared for each of the thirteen divisions, the totals of which were used in making the. nineteen tables in the fol-
representing the nine
lowing
summary.
(08)
COMPARISON BY GRADES OF REPEATING AND
1.
TABLE
ITS CAUSES.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Repeated or
Boys Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
|
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys Girls
23.8% Totals. 8B. 8A. 7B. 7A. GB. GA. 5B. 5A.
205
2G2
4G7
14
15
27 37 25 30
9
22 18
1439 1386 2S25 i! 325
143
i 125 109
138 150;
142j
122'
124;
22
102 83
13
28
90
82:
11
73 75
67 74 73 74 72
4B.
23
4A. 3B. 3A. 2B. 2A. IB. 1A.
28
34 39 48
32
48
24 17
35 3G
13
2G
9
12
11
17
60
87! 85 80
75,
81 83
75;
226 293 267 231 226 158 172
Poor Attendance
Boys
Girls
i
80
70
2
|
7 8 8
15 16
Total
Total
Failure
in Studies
Boys
Girls
S82
813
8
74
107
1S1
12
111
111
oor>
6
91 ;
178
4
j
148
2
143
4
Total
Boys
Girls
37
38
Total
2.6%
G0%
5.3%
8.1%
Other Causes
75
349
G74
G
18
24
13
14
24
38
15
9 10
42
28
27
42
23
| I
51
18
i
4
10
87 77 72
24
44
20
;
3
5
43
41
84
5
23
13
;
4
9
67
44
111
4
22
5
48
35
83
3
12
10
50
44
94
2
8
9 3
38
40
78
2
18
41
14
6
44
6 4
29
j
115
116
231
150
140
15
35 27
149
17
31
133
22
161
22
157
19
47
127
23
36 43 45 53
8
8
36
42
117
22
53
6
8
28
53
134
20
55
6
51
134
19
7
2
71 71
;
1695
5
j1
42 20
92 86 56
18
46
13
| 28
19
47
13
13
28
I
18
46
13
51
|
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Illness
Physical Defect
2
(39
Grades Skipped
TABLE
2.
70
COMPARISON BY GRADES OF REPEATING AND ITS CAUSES.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Boys Girls
j
Total
Grades Repeated
Boys Girls
Illness or Physical Defect
Total
Boys
Girls
371
617
70
129
Change of Schools
Boys
Girls
19
24
45
69
3
1
2
2
5
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
3
Total
Boys Girls
32.2%' Totals. SB... 8A... 7B... 7A... GB... 6A... 5B... 5A... 4B... 4A... 3B... 3A... 2B... 2A... IB... 1A...
50
69
1
119
246 11
19
1
12
22
30 34
Poor Attendance
Total
Girls
135
162
297
4
8
13
21
3
11
14
25
3
6
12
23
35
1
2
3
10
12
22
1
2
3
6
Total
H.1%
13
20
19
42!
61
3
11
3
8
15
5
8
10
2
6
8
4
9
12
19
1
5
6
2
5
7
8
13 8
3
19
3
11
13
4
7
11
14
2
7
9
11
5
11
16
17
5
8
13
17
28 15 18 18 23 23
15
6
17
20
4
4
17 21
20 29
21
29
35 36 31 47 28 32 29 40 40 37 37 50 50
3
4
201 26 i
1 1
!
Total
:
6
9
15
4
4
8
9
11
19 16 20
3
4
7
2
4
6
8
7
15
3
8
11
8
2
10
4
6
8
9 7 7 7 7
..
'
!
.
.
I
1
2
5
7
10
.
.
I
1
2
6
8
4
4
8
5
13
.
8 7
22
15
3 3
14
6
3 3
13
20
8 8 20 20
15
1
3
8
15
1
3
8
27 27
1 .
:
1 1
Other Causes
Boys
Girls
15
18
48.1%
7 5 4 5 3 8
14
Studies
j Boys
3% 17
2
199
Failure in
16 16
..
i
1
1
1
10
16
..
!
1
1
1
10
16
Total
5.3% 33
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Skipped
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
The Amount
71
of Repeating.
Tables 1 and 2 show that 2825 grades had been repeated in the white schools and G17 in the colored, a total of 3442 half-year grades. Including the grades to be repeated by the 452 white pupils and 65 colored who were not promoted February 1, 1912 (tables 3 and 4), the total number of repeated grades is increased to 3959 (tables 5 and 6). This gives an average of 1.2 grades per pupil enrolled, and 2
grades
per
repeater.
In the white schools 112 repeaters skipped one (table 3), and in the colored schools 20 repeaters
grades skipped grades or more
(table 4).
Including pupils
who were not promoted February 1, 1912, 1521 repeaters in the white schools and 387 in the colored, a total of 1908 (tables 8 and 9), or 58.8 per cent of all the eighth grade pupils. Of the 2433 white pupils and 810 colored pupils enrolled, 02.5 per cent of the former and 47.7 per cent of the latter are repeaters
there
were
(tables
8 and 9). It should be remembered that these children are not typical of the school population as a whole, for the reason that they are sur-
vivors.
The less successful ones drop out before reaching the eighth grade. It is also to be noted that G7.3 per cent of the white pupils enrolled and 76 per cent of the colored are 8A pupils whose 8B records of repeating of course could not be included in this study. Fifty-four and one-tenth per cent of the white repeaters and 46.5 per cent of the colored repeated more than one grade (tables 5 and 6). Of the white pupils 39.5 per cent repeated only one grade, but 25.9 per cent of these pupils were not to be promoted February 1, 1912; 31.2 per cent repeated two grades, but 20.7 per cent were not to be promoted; 13.8 per cent repeated three grades, but 31.9 per cent were not to be promoted (table 5). In the colored schools, 47.5 per cent repeated only one grade, but 15.2 per cent were not to be promoted February 1, 1912; 35.6 per cent repeated two grades, but 5.7 per cent were not to be promoted (table 6). The greatest number of grades repeated by a white pupil is eleven; by a colored pupil, seven (tables 5 and 6).
Enrolment Girls
Boys
Per cent of
Skippers
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
1st.
10S
147
255
14
24
38
2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9 th
167
199
38
45
83
158
170
16
25
41
142
131
366 328 273
18
16
34
326
25
21
46
247
10
14
24
282 157
7
10
17
3
2
5
109
199
7
5
1132:1301
2433
138
162
.
167 159 98 149 120: 162 82\ 75 90
.
Skippers
12
14.9% 22.6% 12.5% 12.4% 14.1% 9.7% 6% 3.1% 6%
300
12.3%
!
?
?
Skipped
than
one
Boys Girls
3.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
of
No.
more
Repeaters
grade Total
13
21
13
21
34
9
9
8
7
5
Boys Girls
Including Feb.,1912
Total
87
162
171
85
160
173
18
75 75 87
95
182
192
15
91
64
155
9
14
105
109
214
166 232
3
10
13
59
86
145
159
5
6
11
70
107
177
185
1
1
2
60
44
104
112
5
54
73
127
131
133
676
5
Per cent of Re-
peating
Repeated mors than one grade
Including Feb.,1912
Not pro-
moted Feb.,1912
Boys Girls
Total
89 74
47
113
38
90
61
127 80
78 52
45
40 39 55 35 66 43 63
108
43
39
22
61
29
39
43
82
31
58.6% 62.5% 418
406
63.5% 43.7% 55.4% 56.7% 65.6% 58.7% 62.7% 66.2% 63.8%
67. % 47.2% 58.5% 60.8% 71.1% 64.3% 65.6% 71.3% 65.8%
49 35 58 55 61
37
73
54.1% Note:
112
repeaters
are
also
57
76
Boys Girls
10th 11th 12th
No. of
Per cent of
Skippers Girls
Total
Total
Boys
213 249
4
11
15
15
16
31
Skippers
76 94 62 68
102
164
7
17
24
116
184
3
3
6
7. % 12.4% 14.6% 3.2%
300
510
810
29
47
76
9.3%
137 155
1521
452
824
skippers. TABLE
Enrolment
750 *1426 1
Skipped
than
one
Boys Girls
4.
COLORED SCHOOLS. No. of
more
Total
Per cent
Repeaters
grade Boys
Girls
Including of ReFeb.,1912 peating
Including1 Feb.,1912
Boys Girls
Total
7
31
48
79
83
17
48
59
107
117
12
34
57
91
99
3
36
51
87
88
39
149
215
*364
3S7
37 % 42.9% 55.4% 47.2%
Repeated more than one grade
38.9% 46.9% 60.3% 47.8%
:
12
33
271
29
Not t
nro_
motpCi Feb.,1912
Total
39
11
62
22
19
53 :
23
10
26
i
9
46.5% *
Note:
20
repeaters
are
also skippers.
17 I 22
44.9% 47.7%
74
106
ISO
65
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE No. of
72
COMPARISON OF SKIPPING AND REPEATING.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
73
REPEATING OF INDIVIDUALS.
TABLE
Per cent of Pupils
No. of Pupils
No. of
grades repeated
Total
Not
promoted Feb., 1912
Total no. of grades repeated
11
11
11
.13
9
18
18
1
.00
8
8
0
.39
7
42
15
.98
0
90
7
20
1.31
5
100
0
0.11
8
4
372
20
210
13.8
3
07
470
31.29
2
030 952
002
39.57
1
002
150 9551
2825
452
95"
*
WHITE SCHOOLS.
.00
93
Total
5.
0.24
1521
33.3% 40.0% 30. % 21.5% 31.9% 20.7% 25.9%
99
44
97 100 392 097
1051 758 95
3277
Retarded for first time Feb. 1, 1912.
TABLE
No. of
Per cent of Pupils
Pupils
0.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
No. of
grades repeated
Total
1
.25
7
4
1.02
24
2
.51
10
11
2.84
44
promoted Feb., 1912
25.
138
35.05
270
8
184 23*
47.54
184
28
%
.9% 10.0% 5.7% | 15.2%
23*!
5.94
Total no. of grades repeated
10
72
0.2
24
Not
45 70 284 212 23
387
017
05
082
White and Colored.. .1908
3442
517
3959
Total
*
Not
promoted
for first time
Feb. 1, 1912.
7. COLORED
WHITE PUPILS
Under 15 years
Over 15 years
Ages Boys
20. 19. 182. 18. 172. 17. 162. 16.,
Girls
1
1
3
3
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
11
2
7
9
17
33
1
9
10
32 63 107 131 128
26
58 124
10
22
32
61
21
29
50
138
245
25
24
49
113
244
18
29
47
163
291
21
35
56
142.
14. 132. 13.
Boys
Girls
Total
113 81
131
244
22
33
55
101
182
17
16
33
28
34
62
18
27
10
11
21
485
526
1011
233
277
510
67.5%
65.5%
66.4%
32.4%
34.4%
33.5%
White
Colored
1314 112 95
344 20 23
who have both skipped and who were not promoted for
1521
387
Totals.
repeaters.
repeated.
14
1
1
122.
*
Girls
Under 15 years
16
3
15..
Boys
Over 15 years
1
1
152.
Total
PUPILS
the first time Feb. 1, 1912.
v
99
63.4%
155
254
67%
65.5%
57
36.5%
1
4
76
133
32.9%
34.3%
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE
74
AGES OF REPEATERS.
75
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS. COMPARISON OF THE SEXES.
TABLE
Enrolment
No.
Repeating
8.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Includ- Per cent ing RepeatFeb., ing
Repeaters
52.7% 47.3%
1912
Girls.
1301
750
803
Boys.
1132
676
718
61.7% 63.4%
Total.
2433
1426
1521
62.5%
TABLE
Enrolment
9.
IncludNo. ing ,epea Repeat-!
ing
^eb. Feb., 1912
Per cent of total
100.
Per cent of Re-
Repeaters "Passing" Scholarship Ratings
peaters over
15 years
65.5% 67.5%
548 or 432 or
38.4% 30.2%
66.4%
980 or
68.6%
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Per cent
Per cent of total
Repeating
Repeaters
59.6% 40.4%
Girls.
.
.
510
215
231
Boys.
..
300
149
156
45.2% 52. %
Total...
810
364
387
47.7%
3243
1790
1908
58.8%
100.
Per cent of Re-
Repeaters "Passing" Scholarship Ratings
peaters over
15 years
67. % 63.4%
113 or 31. 91 or 25.
% %
65.5%
204 or 56.
%
White and
Colored
6.2%
1184
or
62.6%
As would be expected, many of the repeaters are over age; 66.4 per cent of the white pupils and 65.5 per cent of the colored are The oldest white pupil is 20 years old; over 15 years of age (table 7). the oldest colored pupil, 19 years. In both white and colored schools, In the white schools, 6.75 per cent the oldest repeaters are boys. of the boy repeaters and 65.5 per cent of the girls are over 15 years of age, but there are 41 more girls than boys over age. In the colored schools, 63.4 per cent of the boy repeaters and 67 per cent of the girls are over 15 years, and 56 more girls than boys are over age. Not including the number not to be promoted February 1, 1912, the present scholarship ratings of the eighth grade white repeaters show 68.6 per cent to be "passing" ratings; that is, 5.8 per cent excellent, 24.6 per cent good, and 38.2 per cent fair (tables 10 and 11). In the colored schools, 55.9 per cent have "passing" ratings; that fair.
is,
1.9 per cent
are
excellent,
21.1 per cent
good,
32.9 per cent
Division
Grade Boys
Girls
Total
Boys Girls
10.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Good
el'ent
Total
Boys
Girls
Fair
Total
Boys
Girls
Poor
Unsatisfactory Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Rating not given Total
8B 8B SB SB SB SB 8B SB SB
32
54
86
1
5
15
20
14
25
39
11
10
21
2d.. 3d.. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th.
20
36
2
2
13
15
6
3
9
2
4
6
28
35
7
10
11
21
16
16
32
1
8
7
6
13
19
15
34
9
16
54
33 64
2 7
O
45
56 63 78 118
12
12
21
33
18
21
39
15
14
29
22
35
12
2
4
6
7
14
21
8
3 7
9
51
14
21
9
24
33
5
6
11
1
23
24
7
11
10
21
2
5
7
6
4
10
2
11
24
57 74 47 35
2
23
4
2
7
9
4
12
4
6
10
Total...
SB
258
356
614
51
59
106
165
90
121
211
60
67
127
1st.
SA 8A 8A 8A SA 8A SA 8A SA
43
33
76
4
6
10
15
10
25
14
23
7
2d.. 3d.. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7 th. 8th. 9 th.
55
49
104
13
9
22
23
26
49
11
19
10
Total.,
SA
Grand Total..
SB &
1st.
A
21
30
10
17
14
31
11
59
60
119
6
24
30
22
18
40
25
9
34
6
3
31
77
7
6
13
18
12
30
11
7
15
11
1
51
96
6
9
15
21
16
9
25
9
1
88
4
17
21
17
21
37 38
16
37 47 37
45 51 56
9
7
16
7
103
11
18
29
23
27
50
9
6
15
8
20
57
11
9
20
20
10
30
3
1
4
2
43
49
92
10
16
26
18
18
36
11
10
21
2
418
394
812
676
750
1426
Per cent 8B&A *
15
o
46
34
Non-promotions of Feb. 1, 1012, not included.
18
19
32
72
114
186
177
158
335
109
66
175
35
27
62
12
10
49
83
131
220
351
267
279
546
169
133
302
52
41
93
23
28
5.8%!
24.6%
38.2%
Total
Boys Girls
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE
No. of Repeaters
70
REPEATERS' SCHOLARSHIP RATINGS FEB. 1, 1912.*
21.1'
6.5%
;
51
REPEATERS' SCHOLARSHIP RATINGS FEB. 1, 1912.* TABLE
No. of Repeaters
Excellent
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Good
Fair
Poor
Unsatisfactory
Rating not given
Grade Girls
Boys
10th... 11th... 12th... 13th...
8B SB 8B 8B
Total..
SB
10th... 11th... 12th... 13th...
SA 8A 8A SA
Total.
8A SB & A
Per cent
8B& A
Boys Girls
Total
Boy
Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
7
1G
23
o
4
6
10
2
2
2
2
1G
37
53
17
1
14
15
2
3
13
IS
12
2G i
38
4
1
16
23
2
18
201
38
11
13
24
53
99 !
152
33
50
j
14
1
17
31
17
1 20
28
10
14
10
18
28
24
32
56
15
24
13
14
27
i
32
22
54
3
9
18
10
28
6
! !
1
2 i
31
53
3
5
4
4
7
!
|
22
3
8'
!
8
17
18
31
49
8
2
5
i
2
2
S
9
20
29
13
19
44
63
27
29
62
91
96 : 116 ;
149
I
215
212
20
26
46
37
33
70
11
364
34
43
77
54
66
120
19
1.9%
21.1%
32.9%
1 .
.
14
23
42
H.5%
10
17
7.4%
7
25% 77
Grand Total...
Total
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Division
11.
Non-promotions of Feb. 1, 1912 not included.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
78
Where the
Occurred.
Repeating
Table 1 shows the greatest number of grades repeated to be in 8A in the white schools and 7B in the colored. Had this study been made in June instead of February, undoubtedly the greatest number
grades repeated would be in 8B, since 2229 or 68.7 per cent of the 3243 pupils enrolled are 8A's whose record of repeating in 8B is yet to be made. The per cent of 8B white pupils not promoted February 1, 1912, is 28.G per cent; the per cent of 8A's is only 13.8 per cent. of
In/the colored schools 20 per cent of 8B's and G per cent of 8A's not
were
promoted. COMPARISON OF THE SKIPPING AND REPEATING.
TABLE
12.
PER CENT OF GRADES REPEATED
PER CENT OF GRADES SKIPPED
Grade
B Grade
8th.., 7th.., 6th.., 5th... 4th... 3d..., 2d..., 1st.
.
Total.
A
0
7.9
:
White Schools
Colored Schools
White Schools
Grade
B
5.7 5.3
Grade
A
Grade
0
16.8
B
.8 6.7
Grade
8
11
9.4
A
Grade
Colored Schools B
Grade
A Grade
10.3
4.8
b.b
8.1
9.8
5.6 5.
6.7
< .o
8.
5.5
5.8
2.5
6.
4.9
7.6
4.5
9.2
9.2 7.5
5.2
4.7
5.1
4.7
7.4
13.4
10.9
5.6
5.5
6.4
6.4
6.2
5.
3.3
4.4
4.1
5.9
5.9
0
4.7
4.7
8.1
8.1
51.3
47.8
53.5
45.7
G.4
4.7
5.9
7.2
8.3
10.2
10.2
7.7 2.5
3.6
48.9
50.3
!
53.6
45.9
The least number of grades repeated in the white schools is in As is true in other school systems, the "stick(tables 1 and 12). ing point" seems to be in the sixth grade where the children begin It will be noticed also that the total number to fail in large numbers. of B grades repeated in both white and colored schools is greater than The difference would be even the number of A grades repeated. greater if the 8B records of the large majority of these children now classed as 8A pupils could be included. The total per cent of B grades repeated in the white schools is 51.3 per cent; the total per cent of B grades skipped is 48.9 per cent. In the colored schools the per cent of B grades repeated is 53.5 per cent; B grades skipped, 53.6 per cent (table 12). 2A
COMPARISON BY SCHOOL DIVISIONS OF THE REPEATING AND ITS CAUSES. 13.
TABLE
WHITE SCHOOLS. CAUSES OF REPEATING
Illness
or
Physical Defect Boys Girls
Totals.... 205 1st Div... 2d Div... 3d Div. 4th Div.. 5th Div. 6th Div. 7th Div. 8th Div. 9th Div.
2G2
Total
4G7
Boys
Girls
Total
1439 1386 2825
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys Girls
325
349
674
115
Poor
Attendance
Failure in
Studies
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
116
231
80
70
150
882
813
1695
95
222
84
160
Other Causes Boys Girls
37
38
Total
75 2
25
41
G6
170
150
320
15
28
43
11
9
20
17
16
33
54
G9
123
129
146
275
30
38
68
16
8
24
2
11
13
127 76
30
45
75
191
175
366
44
53
97
19
31
4
15
114
87
201
3
3
23
48
186
109
295
53
34
87
12
3
50 15
11
25
17
5
22
93
67
160
11
11
.
20
34
54
224
223
447
57
54
111
10
14
24
9
7
16
144
4
13
17
17
34
51
124
142
266
25
52
77
12
17
29
7
9
16
73
135 58
279
.
131
7
6
13
.
18
8
26
166
209
375
42
56
98
5
17
22
4
10
14
111
117
228
4
9
13
.
4
3
120
78
198
32
19
51
22
12
34
2
10
58
45
103
.
12
5
7 17
129
154
283
27
15
42
5
13
6 I
11
86
125
211
Failure in
Studies
Other
Causes
..
TABLE
14.
10
5
COLORED SCHOOLS. CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Skipped
Grades
Repeated
Illness
or
Physical Defect
Totals 10th 11th 12th 13th
Div. Div. Div. Div.
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
50
69
119
246
371
617
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys
Poor
Attendance
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
297
70
129
199
17
19
24
45
69
135
162
Boys Girls
15
18
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Grades Repeated
Total
33
6
14
20
50
89
139
18
22
40
4
4
4
10
14
24
48
72
27
20
47
89
97
186
30
40
70
4
6
6
7
13
51
46
97
11
32
43
59
112
171
12
42
54
11
19
30
30
36
66
15
3
9
48
73
121
10
25
35
6 3
6
6
3
3
9
12
30
32
62
9
79
Grades Skipped
80
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC. EXCESS OF GRADES ABOVE NORMAL NUMBER.
15.
TABLE
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Enrolment
Totals
1st Div.. 2d Div.. 3d Div. 4th Div. 5th Div. 6th Div. 7th Div. 8th Div. 9t,h Div. .
Normal No. Grades
Girls
Total
1132
1301
2433
38928
2825
108
147
255
4080
1G7
199
366
5856
158
170
328
142
131
169
159
98
149
120
2358
320
66
254
275
123
152
5248
366
75
291
4368
295
48
247
5216
447
54
393
3952
266 375
51
162
273 326 247 282
215 349
82
75
157
2512
198
7
191
90
109
199
3184
283
17
266
16.
4512
Normal No.
Div. Div. Div. Div.
26
COLORED SCHOOLS
Enrolment
10th 11th 12th 13th
Net Excess
467
TABLE
Totals.
Grades Grades Repeated Skipped
Roys
Grades
Grades
Grades
Net
Repeated Skipped
Roys
Girls
Total
300
510
810
12960
617
Excess
119
49S
76
137
213
3408
139
20
|
119
94
155
249
3984
186
47
102
164
2624
171
43
jI
139
62 68
116
184
2944'
121
9
I
112
|
12S
Tables 15 and 1G (also tables 13 and 14) give a classification of grades repeated by school divisions. By showing the normal number of grades the children should have completed to get to the eighth grade, crediting each school with the grades skipped, debiting the grades repeated, the net excess of grades above the normal number is shown to be 2358 in the white schools and 498 in the colored, a total of 2856 grades.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
81
CAUSES OF REPEATING.
TABLE
Grades Repeated
?
8B. 8A. 7B. 7A 6B. 6A. 5B. 5A. 4B. 4A. 3B. 3A. 2B.. 2A.
j |
i
Per cent due to
Illness or Physical Defect
17.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Per cent due to
Per cent due to
Change
Poor Attendance
of Schools
5.75
3.53
80.08
0
5.11
4.09
75.76
2.04
10.48
5.61
66.66
18.18
9.95
6.92
64.06
22.56 27.84
7.96 12.65 7.55 15.71
4.42
63.27
1.49 .87 1.76
3.16 5.22
53.16
3.16
2.32
8.00
6.71
6.01
64.53 59.28 63.08 58.64 57.14 54.70 44.09 39.31
3.41
35.07
9.70 9.70
20.34
19.28 20.80 27.06 26.70
11.10
6.76 1.86
3.57
8.91
3.82
6.29
6.29
5.12
IB..
41.04
4.47
1A..
41.04
5.22
6.83 9.70 9.70
TABLE Per cent due to Illness or
Physical Defect
18.
34.32
2.14 1.34
1.5 3.1 3.82
1.57
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Per cent due to
Change of Schools
SB. 8A. 7B. 7A. 6B. 6A.
19.3
0
5B. 5A. 4B.
31.9
Per cent due to Poor
3.3
13.3
14.7
2.9
8.7
22 9
4.9
9.8
22.8 22.2
5.7
8.5
8.3 6.3
8.3 22.5 17.
25.
0
21.4
34.3 34.4
3.1
4A.
3B.
32.5
3A.
37.5
21.8 27.5 7.5 7.5
2B.
40.5 40.5 54. 54.
3.4
I 1
Attendance I
10.
IB. 1A.
Other Causes
12.96 15.73
28.66
2A.
_
Per cent due to
10.61
41.73 45.29
Grades Repeated
Per cent due to Failure in Studies
| !
8.1 8.1
2. 2.
Per cent due to Failure in Studies
Per cent due to Other
Causes
70.
3.3
73.5 57.3 62.8 52.7 51.6 42.5 53.5 31.2 27.5 55. 50. 43.2
0
I
43.2
!
32. 32.
4.9 0
8.3 6.4 2.1 0 9.3 6.8 2.5 2.5
8.1 8.1
10. 10.
82 TABLE
Both repeaters and skippers
19.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Attended private schools
Attended
Attended both private an other public schools
No. of other
No. of
public schools attended
private schools
Total No. of other schools attended
No. of pupils giving change
NOpOfa
No. of repeaters
38 83
162
18
46
26
3
68
29
97
20
160
29
74
52
10
92
52
144
24
41
182
19
80
28
14
114
28
142
50
34
155
11
25
10
76
26
102
15
46
214
12
58 72
28
7
100
28
24
6th
24
145
9
46
20
4
51
20
128 71
29
7th 8th 9th
17
177
5
54
25
9
74
25
99
22
5
2
21
13
3
26
13
39
34
12
104 127
7
28
11
2
34
11
45
13
300
1426
112
479
228
62
635
232
867
231
33.5%
15.9%
D-ision
1st 2d....: 3d 4th oth
other public schools
!
4.3%
attended
of schools of
as cause
repeating
16.1%
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
CHANGE OF SCHOOLS.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS. Causes The
83
of Repeating.
of the
repeating have been tabulated under the folor Physical Defect, Change of Schools, Failure in Studies, and Other Causes. In both the white and the colored schools, the causes of the repeating are credited mainly to failure in studies and illness or physical defect. The highest number of grades repeated on account causes
lowing headings: Poor Attendance,
Illness
of failure in studies is 80 per cent in 8B of the white schools and 73.5 per cent in 8A of the colored schools; the least is 34.3 per cent in 1A of the white schools and 27.5 per cent in 4A of the colored schools. The greatest number of grades repeated on account of physical defect in the white schools is 45.2 per cent in 2A; the least is 10.6 per cent in 8B.
In the colored schools the highest is 54 per cent in the least is 10 per cent in 8B (tables 17 and 18). grades; Table 1 shows that 8.1 per cent of all the grades repeated in the white schools is due to change of schools; 15.7 per cent of the grades
the first
in 5A are credited to this cause (table 17); 16.1 per cent of the white repeaters report change of schools as the cause of their
repeated
repeating (table 19). In the third school division with grade pupils, 108 children attended 28
schools,
a
total of 142 other schools.
and other
public schools. repeating (table 19).
enrolment of 328 private and 114 other an
Fourteen attended both
Fifty give change
of schools
as
eighth public private
cause
of
The second school division with
an enrolment of 366 eighth grade pupils reports 126 children as having attended 52 private and 92 other public schools, a total of 144 other schools. Ten children attended both private and other public schools. Twenty-four give change of schools as cause of repeating. Of the total number of repeaters (1426), 479 or 33.5 per cent attended other public schools; 228 or 15.9 per cent attended private schools; 62 or 4.3 per cent attended both public and private schools. A few of the repeaters attended the public schools of as many as seven
different cities. These 479 repeaters attended 635 other public schools located in 38 states and 12 other countries. In 34 cases the location of the school was not given, so that there is reason to think that nearly every state in the Union is
represented.
WASHINGTON, By Katiierine IT.
Principal of
the Ross
D.
C.
Bevard,
School, Washington,
D. C.
This study was undertaken with the purpose of ascertaining to what extent the eighth grade pupils of 1912 in the Washington Public Schools had repeated grades in their progress through the schools, in which grades the repeating occurred, and what the causes of the
repeating were. By means of printed blanks, Dr. William M. Davidson, the superintendent of public schools, collected the data for the study just before the mid-year promotions of February 1, 1912, at which time there were enrolled in the eighth grade 3243 children of whom 2433 were white and 810 colored (tables 8 and 9). The printed blanks consisted of a "Pupil's Sheet" for every pupil who had ever skipped or repeated a grade, and a "Teacher's Sheet" the
on
which the teacher condensed the information contained the
pupils' sheets. Both sets of papers were then collected by supervising principals and sent to the superintendent's office. The "Pupil's Sheet" called for the following date:
on
1.. Name. 2. Sex. 3. Date of birth. 4. Age to nearest half year. 5. Private schools attended. 0. Other
public schools attended. 7. Grade first entered when starting to school.
A list of the sixteen grades (1A to SB) was then given, opposite which were recorded the grades skipped, grades repeated, and the cause of repeating. The results of the
investigation have been tabulated in sections white and the four colored divisions of the public schools. Seven tables were prepared for each of the thirteen divisions, the totals of which were used in making the. nineteen tables in the fol-
representing the nine
lowing
summary.
(08)
COMPARISON BY GRADES OF REPEATING AND
1.
TABLE
ITS CAUSES.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Repeated or
Boys Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
|
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys Girls
23.8% Totals. 8B. 8A. 7B. 7A. GB. GA. 5B. 5A.
205
2G2
4G7
14
15
27 37 25 30
9
22 18
1439 1386 2S25 i! 325
143
i 125 109
138 150;
142j
122'
124;
22
102 83
13
28
90
82:
11
73 75
67 74 73 74 72
4B.
23
4A. 3B. 3A. 2B. 2A. IB. 1A.
28
34 39 48
32
48
24 17
35 3G
13
2G
9
12
11
17
60
87! 85 80
75,
81 83
75;
226 293 267 231 226 158 172
Poor Attendance
Boys
Girls
i
80
70
2
|
7 8 8
15 16
Total
Total
Failure
in Studies
Boys
Girls
S82
813
8
74
107
1S1
12
111
111
oor>
6
91 ;
178
4
j
148
2
143
4
Total
Boys
Girls
37
38
Total
2.6%
G0%
5.3%
8.1%
Other Causes
75
349
G74
G
18
24
13
14
24
38
15
9 10
42
28
27
42
23
| I
51
18
i
4
10
87 77 72
24
44
20
;
3
5
43
41
84
5
23
13
;
4
9
67
44
111
4
22
5
48
35
83
3
12
10
50
44
94
2
8
9 3
38
40
78
2
18
41
14
6
44
6 4
29
j
115
116
231
150
140
15
35 27
149
17
31
133
22
161
22
157
19
47
127
23
36 43 45 53
8
8
36
42
117
22
53
6
8
28
53
134
20
55
6
51
134
19
7
2
71 71
;
1695
5
j1
42 20
92 86 56
18
46
13
| 28
19
47
13
13
28
I
18
46
13
51
|
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Illness
Physical Defect
2
(39
Grades Skipped
TABLE
2.
70
COMPARISON BY GRADES OF REPEATING AND ITS CAUSES.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Boys Girls
j
Total
Grades Repeated
Boys Girls
Illness or Physical Defect
Total
Boys
Girls
371
617
70
129
Change of Schools
Boys
Girls
19
24
45
69
3
1
2
2
5
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
3
Total
Boys Girls
32.2%' Totals. SB... 8A... 7B... 7A... GB... 6A... 5B... 5A... 4B... 4A... 3B... 3A... 2B... 2A... IB... 1A...
50
69
1
119
246 11
19
1
12
22
30 34
Poor Attendance
Total
Girls
135
162
297
4
8
13
21
3
11
14
25
3
6
12
23
35
1
2
3
10
12
22
1
2
3
6
Total
H.1%
13
20
19
42!
61
3
11
3
8
15
5
8
10
2
6
8
4
9
12
19
1
5
6
2
5
7
8
13 8
3
19
3
11
13
4
7
11
14
2
7
9
11
5
11
16
17
5
8
13
17
28 15 18 18 23 23
15
6
17
20
4
4
17 21
20 29
21
29
35 36 31 47 28 32 29 40 40 37 37 50 50
3
4
201 26 i
1 1
!
Total
:
6
9
15
4
4
8
9
11
19 16 20
3
4
7
2
4
6
8
7
15
3
8
11
8
2
10
4
6
8
9 7 7 7 7
..
'
!
.
.
I
1
2
5
7
10
.
.
I
1
2
6
8
4
4
8
5
13
.
8 7
22
15
3 3
14
6
3 3
13
20
8 8 20 20
15
1
3
8
15
1
3
8
27 27
1 .
:
1 1
Other Causes
Boys
Girls
15
18
48.1%
7 5 4 5 3 8
14
Studies
j Boys
3% 17
2
199
Failure in
16 16
..
i
1
1
1
10
16
..
!
1
1
1
10
16
Total
5.3% 33
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Skipped
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
The Amount
71
of Repeating.
Tables 1 and 2 show that 2825 grades had been repeated in the white schools and G17 in the colored, a total of 3442 half-year grades. Including the grades to be repeated by the 452 white pupils and 65 colored who were not promoted February 1, 1912 (tables 3 and 4), the total number of repeated grades is increased to 3959 (tables 5 and 6). This gives an average of 1.2 grades per pupil enrolled, and 2
grades
per
repeater.
In the white schools 112 repeaters skipped one (table 3), and in the colored schools 20 repeaters
grades skipped grades or more
(table 4).
Including pupils
who were not promoted February 1, 1912, 1521 repeaters in the white schools and 387 in the colored, a total of 1908 (tables 8 and 9), or 58.8 per cent of all the eighth grade pupils. Of the 2433 white pupils and 810 colored pupils enrolled, 02.5 per cent of the former and 47.7 per cent of the latter are repeaters
there
were
(tables
8 and 9). It should be remembered that these children are not typical of the school population as a whole, for the reason that they are sur-
vivors.
The less successful ones drop out before reaching the eighth grade. It is also to be noted that G7.3 per cent of the white pupils enrolled and 76 per cent of the colored are 8A pupils whose 8B records of repeating of course could not be included in this study. Fifty-four and one-tenth per cent of the white repeaters and 46.5 per cent of the colored repeated more than one grade (tables 5 and 6). Of the white pupils 39.5 per cent repeated only one grade, but 25.9 per cent of these pupils were not to be promoted February 1, 1912; 31.2 per cent repeated two grades, but 20.7 per cent were not to be promoted; 13.8 per cent repeated three grades, but 31.9 per cent were not to be promoted (table 5). In the colored schools, 47.5 per cent repeated only one grade, but 15.2 per cent were not to be promoted February 1, 1912; 35.6 per cent repeated two grades, but 5.7 per cent were not to be promoted (table 6). The greatest number of grades repeated by a white pupil is eleven; by a colored pupil, seven (tables 5 and 6).
Enrolment Girls
Boys
Per cent of
Skippers
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
1st.
10S
147
255
14
24
38
2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9 th
167
199
38
45
83
158
170
16
25
41
142
131
366 328 273
18
16
34
326
25
21
46
247
10
14
24
282 157
7
10
17
3
2
5
109
199
7
5
1132:1301
2433
138
162
.
167 159 98 149 120: 162 82\ 75 90
.
Skippers
12
14.9% 22.6% 12.5% 12.4% 14.1% 9.7% 6% 3.1% 6%
300
12.3%
!
?
?
Skipped
than
one
Boys Girls
3.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
of
No.
more
Repeaters
grade Total
13
21
13
21
34
9
9
8
7
5
Boys Girls
Including Feb.,1912
Total
87
162
171
85
160
173
18
75 75 87
95
182
192
15
91
64
155
9
14
105
109
214
166 232
3
10
13
59
86
145
159
5
6
11
70
107
177
185
1
1
2
60
44
104
112
5
54
73
127
131
133
676
5
Per cent of Re-
peating
Repeated mors than one grade
Including Feb.,1912
Not pro-
moted Feb.,1912
Boys Girls
Total
89 74
47
113
38
90
61
127 80
78 52
45
40 39 55 35 66 43 63
108
43
39
22
61
29
39
43
82
31
58.6% 62.5% 418
406
63.5% 43.7% 55.4% 56.7% 65.6% 58.7% 62.7% 66.2% 63.8%
67. % 47.2% 58.5% 60.8% 71.1% 64.3% 65.6% 71.3% 65.8%
49 35 58 55 61
37
73
54.1% Note:
112
repeaters
are
also
57
76
Boys Girls
10th 11th 12th
No. of
Per cent of
Skippers Girls
Total
Total
Boys
213 249
4
11
15
15
16
31
Skippers
76 94 62 68
102
164
7
17
24
116
184
3
3
6
7. % 12.4% 14.6% 3.2%
300
510
810
29
47
76
9.3%
137 155
1521
452
824
skippers. TABLE
Enrolment
750 *1426 1
Skipped
than
one
Boys Girls
4.
COLORED SCHOOLS. No. of
more
Total
Per cent
Repeaters
grade Boys
Girls
Including of ReFeb.,1912 peating
Including1 Feb.,1912
Boys Girls
Total
7
31
48
79
83
17
48
59
107
117
12
34
57
91
99
3
36
51
87
88
39
149
215
*364
3S7
37 % 42.9% 55.4% 47.2%
Repeated more than one grade
38.9% 46.9% 60.3% 47.8%
:
12
33
271
29
Not t
nro_
motpCi Feb.,1912
Total
39
11
62
22
19
53 :
23
10
26
i
9
46.5% *
Note:
20
repeaters
are
also skippers.
17 I 22
44.9% 47.7%
74
106
ISO
65
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE No. of
72
COMPARISON OF SKIPPING AND REPEATING.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
73
REPEATING OF INDIVIDUALS.
TABLE
Per cent of Pupils
No. of Pupils
No. of
grades repeated
Total
Not
promoted Feb., 1912
Total no. of grades repeated
11
11
11
.13
9
18
18
1
.00
8
8
0
.39
7
42
15
.98
0
90
7
20
1.31
5
100
0
0.11
8
4
372
20
210
13.8
3
07
470
31.29
2
030 952
002
39.57
1
002
150 9551
2825
452
95"
*
WHITE SCHOOLS.
.00
93
Total
5.
0.24
1521
33.3% 40.0% 30. % 21.5% 31.9% 20.7% 25.9%
99
44
97 100 392 097
1051 758 95
3277
Retarded for first time Feb. 1, 1912.
TABLE
No. of
Per cent of Pupils
Pupils
0.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
No. of
grades repeated
Total
1
.25
7
4
1.02
24
2
.51
10
11
2.84
44
promoted Feb., 1912
25.
138
35.05
270
8
184 23*
47.54
184
28
%
.9% 10.0% 5.7% | 15.2%
23*!
5.94
Total no. of grades repeated
10
72
0.2
24
Not
45 70 284 212 23
387
017
05
082
White and Colored.. .1908
3442
517
3959
Total
*
Not
promoted
for first time
Feb. 1, 1912.
7. COLORED
WHITE PUPILS
Under 15 years
Over 15 years
Ages Boys
20. 19. 182. 18. 172. 17. 162. 16.,
Girls
1
1
3
3
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
11
2
7
9
17
33
1
9
10
32 63 107 131 128
26
58 124
10
22
32
61
21
29
50
138
245
25
24
49
113
244
18
29
47
163
291
21
35
56
142.
14. 132. 13.
Boys
Girls
Total
113 81
131
244
22
33
55
101
182
17
16
33
28
34
62
18
27
10
11
21
485
526
1011
233
277
510
67.5%
65.5%
66.4%
32.4%
34.4%
33.5%
White
Colored
1314 112 95
344 20 23
who have both skipped and who were not promoted for
1521
387
Totals.
repeaters.
repeated.
14
1
1
122.
*
Girls
Under 15 years
16
3
15..
Boys
Over 15 years
1
1
152.
Total
PUPILS
the first time Feb. 1, 1912.
v
99
63.4%
155
254
67%
65.5%
57
36.5%
1
4
76
133
32.9%
34.3%
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE
74
AGES OF REPEATERS.
75
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS. COMPARISON OF THE SEXES.
TABLE
Enrolment
No.
Repeating
8.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Includ- Per cent ing RepeatFeb., ing
Repeaters
52.7% 47.3%
1912
Girls.
1301
750
803
Boys.
1132
676
718
61.7% 63.4%
Total.
2433
1426
1521
62.5%
TABLE
Enrolment
9.
IncludNo. ing ,epea Repeat-!
ing
^eb. Feb., 1912
Per cent of total
100.
Per cent of Re-
Repeaters "Passing" Scholarship Ratings
peaters over
15 years
65.5% 67.5%
548 or 432 or
38.4% 30.2%
66.4%
980 or
68.6%
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Per cent
Per cent of total
Repeating
Repeaters
59.6% 40.4%
Girls.
.
.
510
215
231
Boys.
..
300
149
156
45.2% 52. %
Total...
810
364
387
47.7%
3243
1790
1908
58.8%
100.
Per cent of Re-
Repeaters "Passing" Scholarship Ratings
peaters over
15 years
67. % 63.4%
113 or 31. 91 or 25.
% %
65.5%
204 or 56.
%
White and
Colored
6.2%
1184
or
62.6%
As would be expected, many of the repeaters are over age; 66.4 per cent of the white pupils and 65.5 per cent of the colored are The oldest white pupil is 20 years old; over 15 years of age (table 7). the oldest colored pupil, 19 years. In both white and colored schools, In the white schools, 6.75 per cent the oldest repeaters are boys. of the boy repeaters and 65.5 per cent of the girls are over 15 years of age, but there are 41 more girls than boys over age. In the colored schools, 63.4 per cent of the boy repeaters and 67 per cent of the girls are over 15 years, and 56 more girls than boys are over age. Not including the number not to be promoted February 1, 1912, the present scholarship ratings of the eighth grade white repeaters show 68.6 per cent to be "passing" ratings; that is, 5.8 per cent excellent, 24.6 per cent good, and 38.2 per cent fair (tables 10 and 11). In the colored schools, 55.9 per cent have "passing" ratings; that fair.
is,
1.9 per cent
are
excellent,
21.1 per cent
good,
32.9 per cent
Division
Grade Boys
Girls
Total
Boys Girls
10.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Good
el'ent
Total
Boys
Girls
Fair
Total
Boys
Girls
Poor
Unsatisfactory Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Rating not given Total
8B 8B SB SB SB SB 8B SB SB
32
54
86
1
5
15
20
14
25
39
11
10
21
2d.. 3d.. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th.
20
36
2
2
13
15
6
3
9
2
4
6
28
35
7
10
11
21
16
16
32
1
8
7
6
13
19
15
34
9
16
54
33 64
2 7
O
45
56 63 78 118
12
12
21
33
18
21
39
15
14
29
22
35
12
2
4
6
7
14
21
8
3 7
9
51
14
21
9
24
33
5
6
11
1
23
24
7
11
10
21
2
5
7
6
4
10
2
11
24
57 74 47 35
2
23
4
2
7
9
4
12
4
6
10
Total...
SB
258
356
614
51
59
106
165
90
121
211
60
67
127
1st.
SA 8A 8A 8A SA 8A SA 8A SA
43
33
76
4
6
10
15
10
25
14
23
7
2d.. 3d.. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7 th. 8th. 9 th.
55
49
104
13
9
22
23
26
49
11
19
10
Total.,
SA
Grand Total..
SB &
1st.
A
21
30
10
17
14
31
11
59
60
119
6
24
30
22
18
40
25
9
34
6
3
31
77
7
6
13
18
12
30
11
7
15
11
1
51
96
6
9
15
21
16
9
25
9
1
88
4
17
21
17
21
37 38
16
37 47 37
45 51 56
9
7
16
7
103
11
18
29
23
27
50
9
6
15
8
20
57
11
9
20
20
10
30
3
1
4
2
43
49
92
10
16
26
18
18
36
11
10
21
2
418
394
812
676
750
1426
Per cent 8B&A *
15
o
46
34
Non-promotions of Feb. 1, 1012, not included.
18
19
32
72
114
186
177
158
335
109
66
175
35
27
62
12
10
49
83
131
220
351
267
279
546
169
133
302
52
41
93
23
28
5.8%!
24.6%
38.2%
Total
Boys Girls
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
TABLE
No. of Repeaters
70
REPEATERS' SCHOLARSHIP RATINGS FEB. 1, 1912.*
21.1'
6.5%
;
51
REPEATERS' SCHOLARSHIP RATINGS FEB. 1, 1912.* TABLE
No. of Repeaters
Excellent
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Good
Fair
Poor
Unsatisfactory
Rating not given
Grade Girls
Boys
10th... 11th... 12th... 13th...
8B SB 8B 8B
Total..
SB
10th... 11th... 12th... 13th...
SA 8A 8A SA
Total.
8A SB & A
Per cent
8B& A
Boys Girls
Total
Boy
Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
Boys Girls
Total
7
1G
23
o
4
6
10
2
2
2
2
1G
37
53
17
1
14
15
2
3
13
IS
12
2G i
38
4
1
16
23
2
18
201
38
11
13
24
53
99 !
152
33
50
j
14
1
17
31
17
1 20
28
10
14
10
18
28
24
32
56
15
24
13
14
27
i
32
22
54
3
9
18
10
28
6
! !
1
2 i
31
53
3
5
4
4
7
!
|
22
3
8'
!
8
17
18
31
49
8
2
5
i
2
2
S
9
20
29
13
19
44
63
27
29
62
91
96 : 116 ;
149
I
215
212
20
26
46
37
33
70
11
364
34
43
77
54
66
120
19
1.9%
21.1%
32.9%
1 .
.
14
23
42
H.5%
10
17
7.4%
7
25% 77
Grand Total...
Total
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Division
11.
Non-promotions of Feb. 1, 1912 not included.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC.
78
Where the
Occurred.
Repeating
Table 1 shows the greatest number of grades repeated to be in 8A in the white schools and 7B in the colored. Had this study been made in June instead of February, undoubtedly the greatest number
grades repeated would be in 8B, since 2229 or 68.7 per cent of the 3243 pupils enrolled are 8A's whose record of repeating in 8B is yet to be made. The per cent of 8B white pupils not promoted February 1, 1912, is 28.G per cent; the per cent of 8A's is only 13.8 per cent. of
In/the colored schools 20 per cent of 8B's and G per cent of 8A's not
were
promoted. COMPARISON OF THE SKIPPING AND REPEATING.
TABLE
12.
PER CENT OF GRADES REPEATED
PER CENT OF GRADES SKIPPED
Grade
B Grade
8th.., 7th.., 6th.., 5th... 4th... 3d..., 2d..., 1st.
.
Total.
A
0
7.9
:
White Schools
Colored Schools
White Schools
Grade
B
5.7 5.3
Grade
A
Grade
0
16.8
B
.8 6.7
Grade
8
11
9.4
A
Grade
Colored Schools B
Grade
A Grade
10.3
4.8
b.b
8.1
9.8
5.6 5.
6.7
< .o
8.
5.5
5.8
2.5
6.
4.9
7.6
4.5
9.2
9.2 7.5
5.2
4.7
5.1
4.7
7.4
13.4
10.9
5.6
5.5
6.4
6.4
6.2
5.
3.3
4.4
4.1
5.9
5.9
0
4.7
4.7
8.1
8.1
51.3
47.8
53.5
45.7
G.4
4.7
5.9
7.2
8.3
10.2
10.2
7.7 2.5
3.6
48.9
50.3
!
53.6
45.9
The least number of grades repeated in the white schools is in As is true in other school systems, the "stick(tables 1 and 12). ing point" seems to be in the sixth grade where the children begin It will be noticed also that the total number to fail in large numbers. of B grades repeated in both white and colored schools is greater than The difference would be even the number of A grades repeated. greater if the 8B records of the large majority of these children now classed as 8A pupils could be included. The total per cent of B grades repeated in the white schools is 51.3 per cent; the total per cent of B grades skipped is 48.9 per cent. In the colored schools the per cent of B grades repeated is 53.5 per cent; B grades skipped, 53.6 per cent (table 12). 2A
COMPARISON BY SCHOOL DIVISIONS OF THE REPEATING AND ITS CAUSES. 13.
TABLE
WHITE SCHOOLS. CAUSES OF REPEATING
Illness
or
Physical Defect Boys Girls
Totals.... 205 1st Div... 2d Div... 3d Div. 4th Div.. 5th Div. 6th Div. 7th Div. 8th Div. 9th Div.
2G2
Total
4G7
Boys
Girls
Total
1439 1386 2825
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys Girls
325
349
674
115
Poor
Attendance
Failure in
Studies
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
116
231
80
70
150
882
813
1695
95
222
84
160
Other Causes Boys Girls
37
38
Total
75 2
25
41
G6
170
150
320
15
28
43
11
9
20
17
16
33
54
G9
123
129
146
275
30
38
68
16
8
24
2
11
13
127 76
30
45
75
191
175
366
44
53
97
19
31
4
15
114
87
201
3
3
23
48
186
109
295
53
34
87
12
3
50 15
11
25
17
5
22
93
67
160
11
11
.
20
34
54
224
223
447
57
54
111
10
14
24
9
7
16
144
4
13
17
17
34
51
124
142
266
25
52
77
12
17
29
7
9
16
73
135 58
279
.
131
7
6
13
.
18
8
26
166
209
375
42
56
98
5
17
22
4
10
14
111
117
228
4
9
13
.
4
3
120
78
198
32
19
51
22
12
34
2
10
58
45
103
.
12
5
7 17
129
154
283
27
15
42
5
13
6 I
11
86
125
211
Failure in
Studies
Other
Causes
..
TABLE
14.
10
5
COLORED SCHOOLS. CAUSES OF REPEATING
Grades Skipped
Grades
Repeated
Illness
or
Physical Defect
Totals 10th 11th 12th 13th
Div. Div. Div. Div.
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
50
69
119
246
371
617
Boys Girls
Total
Change of Schools Boys
Poor
Attendance
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
297
70
129
199
17
19
24
45
69
135
162
Boys Girls
15
18
REPEATERS. OF PROGRESS
Grades Repeated
Total
33
6
14
20
50
89
139
18
22
40
4
4
4
10
14
24
48
72
27
20
47
89
97
186
30
40
70
4
6
6
7
13
51
46
97
11
32
43
59
112
171
12
42
54
11
19
30
30
36
66
15
3
9
48
73
121
10
25
35
6 3
6
6
3
3
9
12
30
32
62
9
79
Grades Skipped
80
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC. EXCESS OF GRADES ABOVE NORMAL NUMBER.
15.
TABLE
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Enrolment
Totals
1st Div.. 2d Div.. 3d Div. 4th Div. 5th Div. 6th Div. 7th Div. 8th Div. 9t,h Div. .
Normal No. Grades
Girls
Total
1132
1301
2433
38928
2825
108
147
255
4080
1G7
199
366
5856
158
170
328
142
131
169
159
98
149
120
2358
320
66
254
275
123
152
5248
366
75
291
4368
295
48
247
5216
447
54
393
3952
266 375
51
162
273 326 247 282
215 349
82
75
157
2512
198
7
191
90
109
199
3184
283
17
266
16.
4512
Normal No.
Div. Div. Div. Div.
26
COLORED SCHOOLS
Enrolment
10th 11th 12th 13th
Net Excess
467
TABLE
Totals.
Grades Grades Repeated Skipped
Roys
Grades
Grades
Grades
Net
Repeated Skipped
Roys
Girls
Total
300
510
810
12960
617
Excess
119
49S
76
137
213
3408
139
20
|
119
94
155
249
3984
186
47
102
164
2624
171
43
jI
139
62 68
116
184
2944'
121
9
I
112
|
12S
Tables 15 and 1G (also tables 13 and 14) give a classification of grades repeated by school divisions. By showing the normal number of grades the children should have completed to get to the eighth grade, crediting each school with the grades skipped, debiting the grades repeated, the net excess of grades above the normal number is shown to be 2358 in the white schools and 498 in the colored, a total of 2856 grades.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS.
81
CAUSES OF REPEATING.
TABLE
Grades Repeated
?
8B. 8A. 7B. 7A 6B. 6A. 5B. 5A. 4B. 4A. 3B. 3A. 2B.. 2A.
j |
i
Per cent due to
Illness or Physical Defect
17.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Per cent due to
Per cent due to
Change
Poor Attendance
of Schools
5.75
3.53
80.08
0
5.11
4.09
75.76
2.04
10.48
5.61
66.66
18.18
9.95
6.92
64.06
22.56 27.84
7.96 12.65 7.55 15.71
4.42
63.27
1.49 .87 1.76
3.16 5.22
53.16
3.16
2.32
8.00
6.71
6.01
64.53 59.28 63.08 58.64 57.14 54.70 44.09 39.31
3.41
35.07
9.70 9.70
20.34
19.28 20.80 27.06 26.70
11.10
6.76 1.86
3.57
8.91
3.82
6.29
6.29
5.12
IB..
41.04
4.47
1A..
41.04
5.22
6.83 9.70 9.70
TABLE Per cent due to Illness or
Physical Defect
18.
34.32
2.14 1.34
1.5 3.1 3.82
1.57
COLORED SCHOOLS.
Per cent due to
Change of Schools
SB. 8A. 7B. 7A. 6B. 6A.
19.3
0
5B. 5A. 4B.
31.9
Per cent due to Poor
3.3
13.3
14.7
2.9
8.7
22 9
4.9
9.8
22.8 22.2
5.7
8.5
8.3 6.3
8.3 22.5 17.
25.
0
21.4
34.3 34.4
3.1
4A.
3B.
32.5
3A.
37.5
21.8 27.5 7.5 7.5
2B.
40.5 40.5 54. 54.
3.4
I 1
Attendance I
10.
IB. 1A.
Other Causes
12.96 15.73
28.66
2A.
_
Per cent due to
10.61
41.73 45.29
Grades Repeated
Per cent due to Failure in Studies
| !
8.1 8.1
2. 2.
Per cent due to Failure in Studies
Per cent due to Other
Causes
70.
3.3
73.5 57.3 62.8 52.7 51.6 42.5 53.5 31.2 27.5 55. 50. 43.2
0
I
43.2
!
32. 32.
4.9 0
8.3 6.4 2.1 0 9.3 6.8 2.5 2.5
8.1 8.1
10. 10.
82 TABLE
Both repeaters and skippers
19.
WHITE SCHOOLS.
Attended private schools
Attended
Attended both private an other public schools
No. of other
No. of
public schools attended
private schools
Total No. of other schools attended
No. of pupils giving change
NOpOfa
No. of repeaters
38 83
162
18
46
26
3
68
29
97
20
160
29
74
52
10
92
52
144
24
41
182
19
80
28
14
114
28
142
50
34
155
11
25
10
76
26
102
15
46
214
12
58 72
28
7
100
28
24
6th
24
145
9
46
20
4
51
20
128 71
29
7th 8th 9th
17
177
5
54
25
9
74
25
99
22
5
2
21
13
3
26
13
39
34
12
104 127
7
28
11
2
34
11
45
13
300
1426
112
479
228
62
635
232
867
231
33.5%
15.9%
D-ision
1st 2d....: 3d 4th oth
other public schools
!
4.3%
attended
of schools of
as cause
repeating
16.1%
CLINIC. PSYCHOLOGICAL THE
CHANGE OF SCHOOLS.
PROGRESS OF REPEATERS. Causes The
83
of Repeating.
of the
repeating have been tabulated under the folor Physical Defect, Change of Schools, Failure in Studies, and Other Causes. In both the white and the colored schools, the causes of the repeating are credited mainly to failure in studies and illness or physical defect. The highest number of grades repeated on account causes
lowing headings: Poor Attendance,
Illness
of failure in studies is 80 per cent in 8B of the white schools and 73.5 per cent in 8A of the colored schools; the least is 34.3 per cent in 1A of the white schools and 27.5 per cent in 4A of the colored schools. The greatest number of grades repeated on account of physical defect in the white schools is 45.2 per cent in 2A; the least is 10.6 per cent in 8B.
In the colored schools the highest is 54 per cent in the least is 10 per cent in 8B (tables 17 and 18). grades; Table 1 shows that 8.1 per cent of all the grades repeated in the white schools is due to change of schools; 15.7 per cent of the grades
the first
in 5A are credited to this cause (table 17); 16.1 per cent of the white repeaters report change of schools as the cause of their
repeated
repeating (table 19). In the third school division with grade pupils, 108 children attended 28
schools,
a
total of 142 other schools.
and other
public schools. repeating (table 19).
enrolment of 328 private and 114 other an
Fourteen attended both
Fifty give change
of schools
as
eighth public private
cause
of
The second school division with
an enrolment of 366 eighth grade pupils reports 126 children as having attended 52 private and 92 other public schools, a total of 144 other schools. Ten children attended both private and other public schools. Twenty-four give change of schools as cause of repeating. Of the total number of repeaters (1426), 479 or 33.5 per cent attended other public schools; 228 or 15.9 per cent attended private schools; 62 or 4.3 per cent attended both public and private schools. A few of the repeaters attended the public schools of as many as seven
different cities. These 479 repeaters attended 635 other public schools located in 38 states and 12 other countries. In 34 cases the location of the school was not given, so that there is reason to think that nearly every state in the Union is
represented.
