Original Article

Prevalence of Refractive Errors; the Yazd Eye Study Hossein Ziaei1, MD; Marzieh Katibeh2, MD, MPH; Reza Solaimanizad3, MD; Sara Hosseini1, MD Hamid-Reza Gilasi4,5, MS; Faegheh Golbafian1, MD; Mohammad-Ali Javadi1, MD 1Ophthalmic

Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Epidemiology and Prevention of Blindness Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 5Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Ophthalmic

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Yazd, central Iran. Methods: This population-based study was performed in 2010-2011 and targeted adults aged 40 to 80 years. Multi-stage random cluster sampling was applied to select samples from urban and rural residents of Yazd. Manifest refraction, visual acuity measurement, retinoscopy and funduscopy were performed for all subjects. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia were defined as spherical equivalent (SE) +0.50 D, cylindrical error >0.5 D and SE difference ≥1 D between fellow eyes, respectively. Results: From a total of 2,320 selected individuals, 2,098 subjects (90.4%) participated out of which 198 subjects were excluded due to previous eye surgery. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, -6 D myopia or worse, and 4 D hyperopia or worse was 36.5% (33.6-39.4%), 20.6% (17.923.3%), 53.8% (51.3-56.3%), 11.9% (10.4-13.4%), 2.3% (1.6-2.9%) and 1.2% (0.6-1.8%), respectively. The prevalence of hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia increased with age. The prevalence of myopia was significantly higher in female subjects. The prevalence of with-the-rule, against-the-rule and oblique astigmatism was 35.7%, 13.4% and 4.6%, respectively. The prevalence of against-the-rule astigmatism increased with age (P

Prevalence of refractive errors; the yazd eye study.

To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Yazd, central Iran...
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