Community Medicine Section
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/14534.7086
Original Article
Prevalence of Anaemia among Postnatal Mothers in Coastal Karnataka
Darshan Bhagwan1, Ashwini Kumar2, Chythra Raghavendra Rao 3, Asha Kamath4
ABSTRACT Introduction: Postpartum is the most neglected period in reproductive cycle of woman. Prevalence of anaemia in developing countries ranges from 50-95%. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among postnatal mothers. Setting and design: A community based cross-sectional study among recently delivered mothers residing in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 401 respondents who were selected using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation from all rural health
centres. Data was collected by personal interviews followed by haemoglobin estimation by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method. Results: The prevalence of postnatal anaemia was 26.5% (Anaemia = Hb30
70
16 (22.9)
0.84
0.45-1.56
Christians
08
02 (25.0)
1.00
Muslims
70
19 (27.1)
1.11
0.20-6.02
Hindus
265
70 (26.4)
1.07
0.21-5.46
At the end of the interview, blood was drawn for haemoglobin estimation from the right cubital fossa. A tourniquet was tied above the cubital fossa and two ml of blood was drawn by vene puncture. The sample was collected in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vial (1mg/dl) and was shaken properly to avoid coagulation. All the samples collected for that day was transported to Kasturba Hospital laboratory using proper ice packed containers.
Literacy Graduate & above
60
11 (18.3)
1.00
Pre-University (11th std -12th std)
68
18 (26.5)
1.60
0.68-3.74
Middle & high-School (5th std -10th std)
206
56 (27.2)
1.66
0.80-3.42
Primary (1st std -4th std)
02
01 (50.0)
4.45
0.25-76.84
After data collection, the subjects were educated regarding causes of anaemia and its consequences. They were also told about importance of iron rich diet and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets during antenatal as well as postnatal period.
Illiterate
07
05 (71.4)
11.13
1.90-65.08
White collar and Professional
23
06 (26.1)
1.00
Haemoglobin was estimated by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method. Sysmex KX–21 automated haematology analyser. Subjects were considered to be anaemic if haemoglobin level was below 12 mg/dl [8]. Results of the investigations were informed to concerned mothers through RMCWH auxiliary nurse midwives. Mothers found anaemic were asked to visit RMCW homes to obtain iron and folic acid tablets.
Home Makers
315
83 (26.3)
1.01
0.38-2.65
Unskilled
05
02 (40.0)
1.88
0.25-14.13
Statistical Analysis Data was entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 15). Descriptive statistics are presented in percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare different sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, antenatal details and details of delivery with prevalence of anaemia. Risk was estimated in terms of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence Interval (95% CI).
Results Socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects are described in [Table/Fig-1]. The study included 343 respondents with a response rate of 73.8%. Age Group (Years)
Number
(%)
18-20
20
(5.8)
21-30
253
(73.8)
>30
70
(20.4)
Hindus
265
(77.3)
Muslims
70
(20.4)
Christians
08
(2.3)
Religion
Literacy status of the subject Illiterate
07
(2.0)
Upto High School
208
(60.7)
Pre-University and above
128
(37.3)
Home Makers
315
(91.8)
White collar and professionals
23
(6.7)
Unskilled
05
(1.4)
Occupation of the subject
[Table/Fig-1]: Baseline Characteristics of study subjects (n=343).
18
Study subjects Total (n=343) No.
Socio-demographic Characteristics
Confidence Interval (95% CI)
Age of the subject (Years)
Religion
Occupation
[Table/Fig-2]: Association of anaemia with socio-demographic characteristics.
Prevalence of anaemia-The prevalence of anaemia among postpartum women was found to be 26.5% (91 subjects) as assessed by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method (Anaemia = Hb 3
74
19 (25.7)
1.00
2-3
54
15 (27.7)
1.09
0.47-2.51
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/14534.7086
Original Article
Prevalence of Anaemia among Postnatal Mothers in Coastal Karnataka
Darshan Bhagwan1, Ashwini Kumar2, Chythra Raghavendra Rao 3, Asha Kamath4
ABSTRACT Introduction: Postpartum is the most neglected period in reproductive cycle of woman. Prevalence of anaemia in developing countries ranges from 50-95%. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among postnatal mothers. Setting and design: A community based cross-sectional study among recently delivered mothers residing in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 401 respondents who were selected using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation from all rural health
centres. Data was collected by personal interviews followed by haemoglobin estimation by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method. Results: The prevalence of postnatal anaemia was 26.5% (Anaemia = Hb30
70
16 (22.9)
0.84
0.45-1.56
Christians
08
02 (25.0)
1.00
Muslims
70
19 (27.1)
1.11
0.20-6.02
Hindus
265
70 (26.4)
1.07
0.21-5.46
At the end of the interview, blood was drawn for haemoglobin estimation from the right cubital fossa. A tourniquet was tied above the cubital fossa and two ml of blood was drawn by vene puncture. The sample was collected in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vial (1mg/dl) and was shaken properly to avoid coagulation. All the samples collected for that day was transported to Kasturba Hospital laboratory using proper ice packed containers.
Literacy Graduate & above
60
11 (18.3)
1.00
Pre-University (11th std -12th std)
68
18 (26.5)
1.60
0.68-3.74
Middle & high-School (5th std -10th std)
206
56 (27.2)
1.66
0.80-3.42
Primary (1st std -4th std)
02
01 (50.0)
4.45
0.25-76.84
After data collection, the subjects were educated regarding causes of anaemia and its consequences. They were also told about importance of iron rich diet and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets during antenatal as well as postnatal period.
Illiterate
07
05 (71.4)
11.13
1.90-65.08
White collar and Professional
23
06 (26.1)
1.00
Haemoglobin was estimated by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method. Sysmex KX–21 automated haematology analyser. Subjects were considered to be anaemic if haemoglobin level was below 12 mg/dl [8]. Results of the investigations were informed to concerned mothers through RMCWH auxiliary nurse midwives. Mothers found anaemic were asked to visit RMCW homes to obtain iron and folic acid tablets.
Home Makers
315
83 (26.3)
1.01
0.38-2.65
Unskilled
05
02 (40.0)
1.88
0.25-14.13
Statistical Analysis Data was entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 15). Descriptive statistics are presented in percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare different sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, antenatal details and details of delivery with prevalence of anaemia. Risk was estimated in terms of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence Interval (95% CI).
Results Socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects are described in [Table/Fig-1]. The study included 343 respondents with a response rate of 73.8%. Age Group (Years)
Number
(%)
18-20
20
(5.8)
21-30
253
(73.8)
>30
70
(20.4)
Hindus
265
(77.3)
Muslims
70
(20.4)
Christians
08
(2.3)
Religion
Literacy status of the subject Illiterate
07
(2.0)
Upto High School
208
(60.7)
Pre-University and above
128
(37.3)
Home Makers
315
(91.8)
White collar and professionals
23
(6.7)
Unskilled
05
(1.4)
Occupation of the subject
[Table/Fig-1]: Baseline Characteristics of study subjects (n=343).
18
Study subjects Total (n=343) No.
Socio-demographic Characteristics
Confidence Interval (95% CI)
Age of the subject (Years)
Religion
Occupation
[Table/Fig-2]: Association of anaemia with socio-demographic characteristics.
Prevalence of anaemia-The prevalence of anaemia among postpartum women was found to be 26.5% (91 subjects) as assessed by indirect cyanomethaemoglobin method (Anaemia = Hb 3
74
19 (25.7)
1.00
2-3
54
15 (27.7)
1.09
0.47-2.51
