obesity reviews
doi: 10.1111/obr.12214
Obesity Comorbidity/Etiology and Pathophysiology
Preterm birth and risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis S. Li1*, M. Zhang2,3*, H. Tian4, Z. Liu4, X. Yin4 and B. Xi1
Departments of 1Epidemiology and Health
Summary
Statistics, and 4Maternal and Child Health,
Preterm birth is suggested to play an important role in the development of diabetes. However, results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between preterm birth and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Science were searched. A total of 18 studies (including 2,176,480 participants and 22,073 cases) for type 1 diabetes and five studies (including 31,478 participants and 1,898 cases) for type 2 diabetes were included in the current meta-analyses. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed-effects model to evaluate the relations between preterm birth and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The results suggested that preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11–1.25), with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 13.2%, P = 0.296). Preterm birth was also significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32–1.72), with no evidence of (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.557). Subgroup analyses suggested that there was significant association in both case-control studies (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06–1.26) and cohort studies (relative risk = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11–1.29) for type 1 diabetes, and similar results were found for type 2 diabetes. The results suggested that preterm birth was a significant and independent risk factor for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China; 2Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; 3
Graduate School, Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
Received 29 March 2014; revised 14 June 2014; accepted 14 June 2014
Address for correspondence: B Xi, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: Gestation age, preterm birth, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR relative risk. obesity reviews (2014) 15, 804–811
Introduction The incidences of both type 1 (1) and type 2 diabetes (2) are increasing worldwide. The rapid increase in incidence cannot be fully attributed to genetic factors, and the changes in environmental risk factors, some from the perinatal period, can initiate or accelerate the process of dia-
*Shuangshuang Li and Meixian Zhang are co-first authors.
804 15, 804–811, October 2014
betes. The theory of developmental programming of adult diseases suggests that diabetes in later life may originate from foetal stage. It is confirmed that compared with normal birth weight (2,500–4,000 g), high birth weight (>4,000 g) was associated with increased risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although low birth weight (
doi: 10.1111/obr.12214
Obesity Comorbidity/Etiology and Pathophysiology
Preterm birth and risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis S. Li1*, M. Zhang2,3*, H. Tian4, Z. Liu4, X. Yin4 and B. Xi1
Departments of 1Epidemiology and Health
Summary
Statistics, and 4Maternal and Child Health,
Preterm birth is suggested to play an important role in the development of diabetes. However, results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between preterm birth and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Science were searched. A total of 18 studies (including 2,176,480 participants and 22,073 cases) for type 1 diabetes and five studies (including 31,478 participants and 1,898 cases) for type 2 diabetes were included in the current meta-analyses. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed-effects model to evaluate the relations between preterm birth and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The results suggested that preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11–1.25), with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 13.2%, P = 0.296). Preterm birth was also significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32–1.72), with no evidence of (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.557). Subgroup analyses suggested that there was significant association in both case-control studies (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06–1.26) and cohort studies (relative risk = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11–1.29) for type 1 diabetes, and similar results were found for type 2 diabetes. The results suggested that preterm birth was a significant and independent risk factor for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China; 2Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; 3
Graduate School, Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
Received 29 March 2014; revised 14 June 2014; accepted 14 June 2014
Address for correspondence: B Xi, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: Gestation age, preterm birth, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR relative risk. obesity reviews (2014) 15, 804–811
Introduction The incidences of both type 1 (1) and type 2 diabetes (2) are increasing worldwide. The rapid increase in incidence cannot be fully attributed to genetic factors, and the changes in environmental risk factors, some from the perinatal period, can initiate or accelerate the process of dia-
*Shuangshuang Li and Meixian Zhang are co-first authors.
804 15, 804–811, October 2014
betes. The theory of developmental programming of adult diseases suggests that diabetes in later life may originate from foetal stage. It is confirmed that compared with normal birth weight (2,500–4,000 g), high birth weight (>4,000 g) was associated with increased risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although low birth weight (
