Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 656/659 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000361 * 2014 by The North American Menopause Society
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese women Kazushi Watanabe, MD,1 Chiharu Kimura, MD,1 Ai Iwasaki, MD,1 Toshitaka Mori, MD,1 Hiroshi Matsushita, MD,1 Koichi Shinohara, MD,1 Akihiko Wakatsuki, MD,1 Masahiko Gosho, PhD,2 and Ichiro Miyano, MD3 Abstract Objective: This study assessed whether pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affects the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in later life among Japanese women. Methods: Study participants were 1,185 women (mean [SD] age, 46.5 [5.6] y; range, 38-73 y) aged 40 years or older who underwent a health checkup at a periodic health examination facility between January 2012 and December 2013 and had experienced giving birth. Questionnaires were sent to potential participants, and they were encouraged to provide their Maternal and Child Health Handbook (handbook). We recruited 101 women with a history of PIH (PIH group) and 1,084 women with uncomplicated pregnancy at delivery (control group). Groupings were based on information from the handbook. We assessed the association between PIH and CVD in later life among Japanese women by focusing on hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia as risk factors for CVD. Odds ratios (ORs) for the use of antihypertensive, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemic medications in the PIH group were determined. Results: Women with PIH had increased risk of antihypertensive medication use compared with women without PIH (2.9% vs 13.9%; OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.14-8.57). Triglycerides were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in the PIH group than in the control group. The OR for dyslipidemic medication use in the PIH group relative to the control group was 3.20 (95% CI, 1.42-7.22). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a history of PIH may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension (a risk factor for CVD) in later life among Japanese women. Key Words: Cardiovascular disease Y Diabetes mellitus Y Dyslipidemia Y Hypertension Y Pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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reeclampsia is a condition characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 4% of all pregnancies.1 Endothelial dysfunction is considered a basic pathological event that occurs with preeclampsia.2 We have previously reported that flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, a known marker of vascular endothelial function, is decreased in women with preeclampsia.3
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese women Kazushi Watanabe, MD,1 Chiharu Kimura, MD,1 Ai Iwasaki, MD,1 Toshitaka Mori, MD,1 Hiroshi Matsushita, MD,1 Koichi Shinohara, MD,1 Akihiko Wakatsuki, MD,1 Masahiko Gosho, PhD,2 and Ichiro Miyano, MD3 Abstract Objective: This study assessed whether pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affects the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in later life among Japanese women. Methods: Study participants were 1,185 women (mean [SD] age, 46.5 [5.6] y; range, 38-73 y) aged 40 years or older who underwent a health checkup at a periodic health examination facility between January 2012 and December 2013 and had experienced giving birth. Questionnaires were sent to potential participants, and they were encouraged to provide their Maternal and Child Health Handbook (handbook). We recruited 101 women with a history of PIH (PIH group) and 1,084 women with uncomplicated pregnancy at delivery (control group). Groupings were based on information from the handbook. We assessed the association between PIH and CVD in later life among Japanese women by focusing on hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia as risk factors for CVD. Odds ratios (ORs) for the use of antihypertensive, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemic medications in the PIH group were determined. Results: Women with PIH had increased risk of antihypertensive medication use compared with women without PIH (2.9% vs 13.9%; OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.14-8.57). Triglycerides were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in the PIH group than in the control group. The OR for dyslipidemic medication use in the PIH group relative to the control group was 3.20 (95% CI, 1.42-7.22). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a history of PIH may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension (a risk factor for CVD) in later life among Japanese women. Key Words: Cardiovascular disease Y Diabetes mellitus Y Dyslipidemia Y Hypertension Y Pregnancy-induced hypertension.
P
reeclampsia is a condition characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 4% of all pregnancies.1 Endothelial dysfunction is considered a basic pathological event that occurs with preeclampsia.2 We have previously reported that flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, a known marker of vascular endothelial function, is decreased in women with preeclampsia.3
