Forensic Science International: Genetics 17 (2015) 153–154
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Forensic Science International: Genetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsig
Short communication
Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci in Mongolian ethnic minority from Liaoning Province, Northeast China Fei Guo * Department of Forensic Medicine, National Police University of China, No. 83, Tawan Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, China
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history: Received 30 March 2015 Received in revised form 3 May 2015 Accepted 9 May 2015
Dear Editor, Mongolians (also called Mongols) are one of 56 ethnic groups in China, who have a population of 5.98 million at the 2010 census [1]. Most of them live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Hebei (Fig. S1), with the rest residing in Ningxia, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Beijing. Mongolians are bound together by a common culture and language. Their spoken language belongs to the Mongolian group of the Altaic language family and has three dialects: Inner Mongolian, Barag-Buryat and Uirad. Their written language was created in the early 13th century on the basis of the script of Huihu, which was revised and developed a century later into the form used nowadays. Bloodstain samples of 206 unrelated healthy male individuals were collected from Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, Northeast China after informed consent and approved by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University. DNA was extracted from bloodstains using magnetic beads on the TECAN1 Freedom EVO workstation (TECAN, Männedorf, Switzerland). PCR amplification was performed on GeneAmp1 PCR 9700 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MA, USA) using the AmpF‘STR1 Y-filerTM PCR Amplification kit (Thermo Fisher) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Amplified products were separated and detected on Applied BiosystemsTM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Thermo Fisher). Raw data was analyzed using GeneMapper ID v3.2 Software (Thermo Fisher). The experimental procedures were guided in keeping with laboratory internal control standards and kit controls. The control DNA 007 (Thermo Fisher) was employed as positive control, and the control DNA 9947A (Thermo Fisher) and ddH2O were done as negative control. Haplotype diversity (HD) was calculated as: HD = (n/n 1)
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 24 86982011; fax: +86 24 86982751. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Guo). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.008 1872-4973/ ã 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
P 2 (1 pi ), where n is the population size and pi is the frequency of the ith haplotype [2]. Genetic distance (Rst) between populations across 17 Y-STR loci was measured by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and visualized in multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot in YHRD database (http://yhrd.org/pages/tools/amova). A total of 189 different haplotypes were found from 206 individuals in Table S1, where 178 were unique, 1 was shared in six individuals, 2 were shared in three individuals and 8 were shared in two individuals. Null alleles were observed in 2 individuals at DYS448 (Ht101 and Ht139). Rare variants were observed in 5 individuals, including allele 10.2 at DYS392 (Ht131), allele 17.2 at DYS385b (Ht122), allele 19.2 at DYS448 (Ht42 and Ht82) and allele 21.2 at DYS448 (Ht53). The HD was calculated as 0.9986. Pairwise Rst and p-value were compared among Liaoning Mongolians, Liaoning Northern Hans (YA003756), Liaoning Manchus [3], Liaoning Xibes [4], Heilongjiang/Mudanjiang Hans [5], Hebei Hans (YA003699), Luzhou Hans [6], Xinjiang Uighurs [7] and Central Mongolia Khalkhs (YA003737). Table S2 showed Liaoning Mongolians had significant differences with all populations after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0029), and the same conclusion could be observed in Fig. S2. It suggested that there were no Y chromosome exchange between Liaoning Mongolians and other populations, which was probably associated with its custom and territory restriction to some extent. We have strictly followed International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations on the analysis of the DNA polymorphisms and nomenclature [8] and guidelines for publication of population data requested by the journal [9,10]. The YHRD QC and population accession number are YC000234 (2012-07-18) and YA003758 (Liaoning, China (Mongolian)), respectively.
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F. Guo / Forensic Science International: Genetics 17 (2015) 153–154
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. fsigen.2015.05.008. References [1] Population Census Office under the State Council Department of Population and Employment Statistics National Bureau of Statistics, Tabulation of the 2010 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China, China Statistics Press, Beijing, 2012. [2] M. Nei, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Columbia University Press, New York, 1987, pp. 178. [3] J. He, F. Guo, Population genetics of 17 Y-STR loci in Chinese Manchu population from Liaoning Province, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) e84–e85. [4] F. Guo, L. Zhang, X. Jiang, Population genetics of 17 Y-STR loci in Chinese Xibe population from Liaoning Province, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 16 (2015) 86–87.
[5] Y. Liu, L. Liao, M. Gu, Y. Ye, Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci in a Chinese Han population sample from Mudanjiang city, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 13 (2014) e16–e17. [6] L. Bing, W. Liang, J. Pi, D. Zhang, D. Yong, H. Luo, L. Zhang, Z. Lin, Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci (AmpFISTR1Y-filerTM) in Luzhou Han ethnic group, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) e23–e26. [7] W. Shan, A. Ablimit, W. Zhou, F. Zhang, Z. Ma, X. Zheng, Genetic polymorphism of 17 Y chromosomal STRs in Kazakh and Uighur populations from Xinjiang, China, Int. J. Legal Med. 128 (2014) 743–744. [8] L. Gusmão, J.M. Butler, A. Carracedo, P. Gill, M. Kayser, W.R. Mayr, N. Morling, M. Prinz, L. Roewer, C. Tyler-Smith, P.M. Schneider, DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis, Int. J. Legal Med. 120 (2006) 191–200. [9] A. Carracedo, J.M. Butler, L. Gusmão, A. Linacre, W. Parson, L. Roewer, P.M. Schneider, New guidelines for the publication of genetic population data, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) 217–220. [10] A. Carracedo, J.M. Butler, L. Gusmão, A. Linacre, W. Parson, L. Roewer, P.M. Schneider, Update of guidelines for the publication of genetic population data, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 10 (2014) A1–A2.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Forensic Science International: Genetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsig
Short communication
Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci in Mongolian ethnic minority from Liaoning Province, Northeast China Fei Guo * Department of Forensic Medicine, National Police University of China, No. 83, Tawan Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, China
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history: Received 30 March 2015 Received in revised form 3 May 2015 Accepted 9 May 2015
Dear Editor, Mongolians (also called Mongols) are one of 56 ethnic groups in China, who have a population of 5.98 million at the 2010 census [1]. Most of them live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Hebei (Fig. S1), with the rest residing in Ningxia, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Beijing. Mongolians are bound together by a common culture and language. Their spoken language belongs to the Mongolian group of the Altaic language family and has three dialects: Inner Mongolian, Barag-Buryat and Uirad. Their written language was created in the early 13th century on the basis of the script of Huihu, which was revised and developed a century later into the form used nowadays. Bloodstain samples of 206 unrelated healthy male individuals were collected from Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, Northeast China after informed consent and approved by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University. DNA was extracted from bloodstains using magnetic beads on the TECAN1 Freedom EVO workstation (TECAN, Männedorf, Switzerland). PCR amplification was performed on GeneAmp1 PCR 9700 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MA, USA) using the AmpF‘STR1 Y-filerTM PCR Amplification kit (Thermo Fisher) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Amplified products were separated and detected on Applied BiosystemsTM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Thermo Fisher). Raw data was analyzed using GeneMapper ID v3.2 Software (Thermo Fisher). The experimental procedures were guided in keeping with laboratory internal control standards and kit controls. The control DNA 007 (Thermo Fisher) was employed as positive control, and the control DNA 9947A (Thermo Fisher) and ddH2O were done as negative control. Haplotype diversity (HD) was calculated as: HD = (n/n 1)
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 24 86982011; fax: +86 24 86982751. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Guo). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.008 1872-4973/ ã 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
P 2 (1 pi ), where n is the population size and pi is the frequency of the ith haplotype [2]. Genetic distance (Rst) between populations across 17 Y-STR loci was measured by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and visualized in multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot in YHRD database (http://yhrd.org/pages/tools/amova). A total of 189 different haplotypes were found from 206 individuals in Table S1, where 178 were unique, 1 was shared in six individuals, 2 were shared in three individuals and 8 were shared in two individuals. Null alleles were observed in 2 individuals at DYS448 (Ht101 and Ht139). Rare variants were observed in 5 individuals, including allele 10.2 at DYS392 (Ht131), allele 17.2 at DYS385b (Ht122), allele 19.2 at DYS448 (Ht42 and Ht82) and allele 21.2 at DYS448 (Ht53). The HD was calculated as 0.9986. Pairwise Rst and p-value were compared among Liaoning Mongolians, Liaoning Northern Hans (YA003756), Liaoning Manchus [3], Liaoning Xibes [4], Heilongjiang/Mudanjiang Hans [5], Hebei Hans (YA003699), Luzhou Hans [6], Xinjiang Uighurs [7] and Central Mongolia Khalkhs (YA003737). Table S2 showed Liaoning Mongolians had significant differences with all populations after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0029), and the same conclusion could be observed in Fig. S2. It suggested that there were no Y chromosome exchange between Liaoning Mongolians and other populations, which was probably associated with its custom and territory restriction to some extent. We have strictly followed International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations on the analysis of the DNA polymorphisms and nomenclature [8] and guidelines for publication of population data requested by the journal [9,10]. The YHRD QC and population accession number are YC000234 (2012-07-18) and YA003758 (Liaoning, China (Mongolian)), respectively.
154
F. Guo / Forensic Science International: Genetics 17 (2015) 153–154
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. fsigen.2015.05.008. References [1] Population Census Office under the State Council Department of Population and Employment Statistics National Bureau of Statistics, Tabulation of the 2010 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China, China Statistics Press, Beijing, 2012. [2] M. Nei, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Columbia University Press, New York, 1987, pp. 178. [3] J. He, F. Guo, Population genetics of 17 Y-STR loci in Chinese Manchu population from Liaoning Province, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) e84–e85. [4] F. Guo, L. Zhang, X. Jiang, Population genetics of 17 Y-STR loci in Chinese Xibe population from Liaoning Province, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 16 (2015) 86–87.
[5] Y. Liu, L. Liao, M. Gu, Y. Ye, Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci in a Chinese Han population sample from Mudanjiang city, Northeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 13 (2014) e16–e17. [6] L. Bing, W. Liang, J. Pi, D. Zhang, D. Yong, H. Luo, L. Zhang, Z. Lin, Population genetics for 17 Y-STR loci (AmpFISTR1Y-filerTM) in Luzhou Han ethnic group, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) e23–e26. [7] W. Shan, A. Ablimit, W. Zhou, F. Zhang, Z. Ma, X. Zheng, Genetic polymorphism of 17 Y chromosomal STRs in Kazakh and Uighur populations from Xinjiang, China, Int. J. Legal Med. 128 (2014) 743–744. [8] L. Gusmão, J.M. Butler, A. Carracedo, P. Gill, M. Kayser, W.R. Mayr, N. Morling, M. Prinz, L. Roewer, C. Tyler-Smith, P.M. Schneider, DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis, Int. J. Legal Med. 120 (2006) 191–200. [9] A. Carracedo, J.M. Butler, L. Gusmão, A. Linacre, W. Parson, L. Roewer, P.M. Schneider, New guidelines for the publication of genetic population data, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 7 (2013) 217–220. [10] A. Carracedo, J.M. Butler, L. Gusmão, A. Linacre, W. Parson, L. Roewer, P.M. Schneider, Update of guidelines for the publication of genetic population data, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 10 (2014) A1–A2.
