RESEARCH ARTICLE
Plasma potassium, diuretic use and risk of developing chronic kidney disease in a predominantly White population Lyanne M. Kieneker1*, Michele F. Eisenga1, Michel M. Joosten1, Rudolf A. de Boer2, Ron T. Gansevoort1, Jenny E. Kootstra-Ros3, Gerjan Navis1, Stephan J. L. Bakker1
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1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, 2 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands * [email protected]
Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kieneker LM, Eisenga MF, Joosten MM, de Boer RA, Gansevoort RT, Kootstra-Ros JE, et al. (2017) Plasma potassium, diuretic use and risk of developing chronic kidney disease in a predominantly White population. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174686. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174686 Editor: Tatsuo Shimosawa, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Received: November 3, 2016 Accepted: March 12, 2017 Published: March 27, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kieneker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study has been made possible by grants from the Dutch Kidney Foundation. The funder of the work had no role in the conception, execution, or analysis of the research and had no role in drafting the manuscript.
Objective Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are associated with disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unclear whether similar associations are present in the general population. Our aim was to examine the association of plasma potassium with risk of developing CKD and the role of diuretics in this association in a population-based cohort.
Research design and methods We studied 5,130 subjects free of CKD at baseline of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study, a prospective, population-based cohort of Dutch men and women aged 28–75 years. Hypokalemia was defined as plasma potassium
Plasma potassium, diuretic use and risk of developing chronic kidney disease in a predominantly White population Lyanne M. Kieneker1*, Michele F. Eisenga1, Michel M. Joosten1, Rudolf A. de Boer2, Ron T. Gansevoort1, Jenny E. Kootstra-Ros3, Gerjan Navis1, Stephan J. L. Bakker1
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1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, 2 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands * [email protected]
Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kieneker LM, Eisenga MF, Joosten MM, de Boer RA, Gansevoort RT, Kootstra-Ros JE, et al. (2017) Plasma potassium, diuretic use and risk of developing chronic kidney disease in a predominantly White population. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174686. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174686 Editor: Tatsuo Shimosawa, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Received: November 3, 2016 Accepted: March 12, 2017 Published: March 27, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kieneker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study has been made possible by grants from the Dutch Kidney Foundation. The funder of the work had no role in the conception, execution, or analysis of the research and had no role in drafting the manuscript.
Objective Both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are associated with disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unclear whether similar associations are present in the general population. Our aim was to examine the association of plasma potassium with risk of developing CKD and the role of diuretics in this association in a population-based cohort.
Research design and methods We studied 5,130 subjects free of CKD at baseline of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study, a prospective, population-based cohort of Dutch men and women aged 28–75 years. Hypokalemia was defined as plasma potassium
