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Pediatrics International (2014) 56, 360–363
doi: 10.1111/ped.12250
Original Article
Pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido, Japan from 2010 to 2012 Hiroshi Sakata Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan Abstract
Background: The frequency of occurrence of pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in Japan has not been studied, therefore the aim of this study was to survey the northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido from 2010 to 2012. Method: Survey sheets were sent to the pediatric departments at 17 facilities where children in the subject region can be hospitalized. Responses were obtained from all of the 17 facilities. Results: Seven patients developed group A streptococcal infection over the 3 years, and their ages ranged from 1 day after the birth to 15 years old. Sepsis was diagnosed in five children, and empyema and arthritis in the knee were found in one child each, respectively. The number of cases in children under 15 years old was six excluding the child who was 15 years old, and the incidence rate per 100 000 population was 1.00. Eight children developed group B streptococcal infection, and their ages ranged from 0 days to 2 months after birth. Two cases were the early onset type (age within 7 days) and six cases were the late onset type. Five children developed sepsis and three children developed meningitis. The frequency of occurrence was 0.24 per 1000 births; which was 0.06 per 1000 births for the early onset type and was 0.18 per 1000 births for the late onset type. No reports for group C or group G hemolytic streptococcal infection were obtained. Conclusions: The incidence rates identified in the present survey are similar to those in other advanced countries, and appear to be valid.
Key words epidemiology, invasive group A streptococcal infection, invasive group B streptococcal infection, invasive group C streptococcal infection, invasive group G streptococcal infection.
In recent years, severe infections such as sepsis and meningitis due to hemolytic streptococcal infection have been increasing in several countries and regions around the world, including Japan.1–3 Particularly in adults, infections with group A and B hemolytic streptococci (GAS, GBS) and also with group C and G hemolytic streptococci (GCS, GGS) have been observed.4,5 Many reports on invasive infection by these bacteria have been produced in various countries,6–16 but their frequency of occurrence has not been studied yet in Japan. Thus, we surveyed the frequency of occurrence of invasive streptococcal infection in the northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido.
Methods Hokkaido is the northernmost of the four major islands that comprise Japan. The subject region consists of the northern and eastern parts, which cover an area of 51 021 km2 and contain a population of 1.63 million (1.3 % of the population of Japan). Invasive streptococcal infection was defined as detection of hemolytic streptococcus in an essentially sterile site such as Correspondence: Hiroshi Sakata, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, 1-24, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8211, Japan. Email [email protected] Received 16 August 2013; revised 30 September 2013; accepted 28 October 2013.
© 2013 The Author Pediatrics International © 2013 Japan Pediatric Society
blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results for identification of bacteria carried out in each hospital, were adopted. Survey sheets were sent to the pediatric departments at 17 facilities and the survey asked about the age, sex, disease and prognosis of the patients with invasive streptococcal infection from 2010 to 2012. Responses were obtained from all of the 17 facilities. Concerning GAS, GCS and GGS infections, the incidence rate per 100 000 population was calculated based on a population aged
Pediatrics International (2014) 56, 360–363
doi: 10.1111/ped.12250
Original Article
Pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido, Japan from 2010 to 2012 Hiroshi Sakata Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan Abstract
Background: The frequency of occurrence of pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in Japan has not been studied, therefore the aim of this study was to survey the northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido from 2010 to 2012. Method: Survey sheets were sent to the pediatric departments at 17 facilities where children in the subject region can be hospitalized. Responses were obtained from all of the 17 facilities. Results: Seven patients developed group A streptococcal infection over the 3 years, and their ages ranged from 1 day after the birth to 15 years old. Sepsis was diagnosed in five children, and empyema and arthritis in the knee were found in one child each, respectively. The number of cases in children under 15 years old was six excluding the child who was 15 years old, and the incidence rate per 100 000 population was 1.00. Eight children developed group B streptococcal infection, and their ages ranged from 0 days to 2 months after birth. Two cases were the early onset type (age within 7 days) and six cases were the late onset type. Five children developed sepsis and three children developed meningitis. The frequency of occurrence was 0.24 per 1000 births; which was 0.06 per 1000 births for the early onset type and was 0.18 per 1000 births for the late onset type. No reports for group C or group G hemolytic streptococcal infection were obtained. Conclusions: The incidence rates identified in the present survey are similar to those in other advanced countries, and appear to be valid.
Key words epidemiology, invasive group A streptococcal infection, invasive group B streptococcal infection, invasive group C streptococcal infection, invasive group G streptococcal infection.
In recent years, severe infections such as sepsis and meningitis due to hemolytic streptococcal infection have been increasing in several countries and regions around the world, including Japan.1–3 Particularly in adults, infections with group A and B hemolytic streptococci (GAS, GBS) and also with group C and G hemolytic streptococci (GCS, GGS) have been observed.4,5 Many reports on invasive infection by these bacteria have been produced in various countries,6–16 but their frequency of occurrence has not been studied yet in Japan. Thus, we surveyed the frequency of occurrence of invasive streptococcal infection in the northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido.
Methods Hokkaido is the northernmost of the four major islands that comprise Japan. The subject region consists of the northern and eastern parts, which cover an area of 51 021 km2 and contain a population of 1.63 million (1.3 % of the population of Japan). Invasive streptococcal infection was defined as detection of hemolytic streptococcus in an essentially sterile site such as Correspondence: Hiroshi Sakata, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, 1-24, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8211, Japan. Email [email protected] Received 16 August 2013; revised 30 September 2013; accepted 28 October 2013.
© 2013 The Author Pediatrics International © 2013 Japan Pediatric Society
blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results for identification of bacteria carried out in each hospital, were adopted. Survey sheets were sent to the pediatric departments at 17 facilities and the survey asked about the age, sex, disease and prognosis of the patients with invasive streptococcal infection from 2010 to 2012. Responses were obtained from all of the 17 facilities. Concerning GAS, GCS and GGS infections, the incidence rate per 100 000 population was calculated based on a population aged
