Letters to the Editor Address for correspondence: Dr. Vivek Chauhan, Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra, Tanda, Kangran - 176 001, Himachal Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]
a
REFERENCE
b 1.
Mori M, Kuwabara S, Fukutake T, Hattori T. Plasmapheresis and miller fisher syndrome: Analysis of 50 consecutive cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:680. Access this article online
c
d
Figure 1: (a) Bell’s palsy on left side at presentation. (b) Facial diplegia on 2nd day of admission. (c) Patient able to close both eyelids after 1 month. (d) Nasolabial furrow on right side at 1 month, left side is still weak
Website: www.ijciis.org
Quick Response Code:
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.152352
Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
Partial optic atrophy and homonymous quadrantanopia in a patient with occipital encephalomalacia Dear Editor, In diseases affecting the afferent visual pathways, according to the localization of the lesion to see, different symptoms can occur. The ones that we can evaluate in a easiest way in clinic are the contralateral homonymous visual field effects that emerge behind chiasm resulting
in the affect.[1] Herein we aimed to present an image to demonstrate a partial optic atrophy and homonymous quadrantanopia with occipital encephalomalacia. A 16‑year‑old male patient applied to the eye clinic due to complaints of not seeing far well.
Figure 1: Homonymous quadrantanopia at peripheral visual field examination with threshold 30-2 test
International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science | Vol. 5 | Issue 1 | Jan-Mar 2015
63
Letters to the Editor
a
this feature may be fixation artifact or bilateral cortical representation, and the most accepted theory of vascular occlusive lesions in the macula source from the region of the middle cerebral artery.[2] Homonymous hemianopia is caused most commonly by cerebral artery infarction. Posterior cerebral artery infarcts represent about 5% to 10% of all strokes in a general population. [3] Visual acuity is not affected unless there exists a bilateral lesion. Hemianopia placed behind the chiasm lesions show different features. Visual field defects are usually permanent defects.
b
Figure 2: Occipital encephalomalacia at cerebral magnetic resonance imaging
Ali Akal, Tugba Goncu, Nurefsan Boyaci1, Bahattin Celik2, Ozcan Kocaturk3
In the history there was no trauma, surgical intervention and birth asphyxia. In the eye examination, ‑1.75 myopic refractive errors were present bilaterally. The best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 bilaterally. Partial optic pallor was present in both eyes at fundus examination. Slit‑lamp examination and intraocular pressure were normal. Homonymous quadrantanopia was determined at the peripheral visual field examination with threshold 30‑2 test [Figure 1]. Findings consistent with occipital encephalomalacia have been reported on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging [Figure 2]. Occipital encephalomalacia diagnosis was confirmed at pediatric neurology consultation. Laboratory studies were normal. Any pathological findings required to be treated were not detected at systemic examination. Due to unilateral lesion, not affecting vision, and lack of systemic clinical manifestations it was considered that it occurred after vascular events. The patient is under periodic control for 3 years as signs and symptoms did not change.
Departments of Ophthalmology, 1Radiology, 2Neurosurgery, 3Neurology, Harran University Medical School, Sanliurfa, Turkey Address for correspondence: Dr. Ali Akal, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University Medical School, Sanliurfa - 63300, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
REFERENCES 1. 2. 3.
Trobe JD, Lorber ML, Schlezinger NS. Isolated homonymous hemianopia. A review of 104 cases. Arch Ophthalmol 1973; 89:377‑81. Hoyt WF, Newton TH. Angiographic changes with occlusion of arteries that supply the visual cortex. NZ Med J 1970;72:310‑6. Brandt T, Steinke W, Thie A, Pessin MS, Caplan LR. Posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts: Clinical features, infarct topography, causes and outcome. Multicenter results and a review of the literature. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:170‑82. Access this article online
Website: www.ijciis.org
Quick Response Code:
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.152353
The most prominent features of the occipital lobe lesions are symmetrical contralateral homonymous hemianopia and central (macular) vision is preserved in most of them. Despite the existence of views that reason for
Child‑witnessed domestic violence: An epidemic in the shadows Dear Editor, Your esteemed journal does great credit to critical care, emergency medicine, surgery, trauma and burn; however, we would like to highlight a very different aspect of injury that occupies a prominent role internationally, but is often ignored; and that is the arena of child‑witnessed domestic violence (DV).[1] A staggering 35‑50% of households that experience domestic violence between partners have 64
children. [2] Consequently, there are as many as 275 million children who are exposed to household violence worldwide. [3] Indeed, the above estimate is probably quite conservative because many countries simply do not maintain statistical record in this regard. To add to the true proportion of this problem, children who are exposed to violence in the home are 15 more times as likely to be physically or sexually abused; and this cycle can be continued from generation to generation.[3]
International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science | Vol. 5 | Issue 1 | Jan-Mar 2015
Copyright of International Journal of Critical Illness & Injury Science is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
a
REFERENCE
b 1.
Mori M, Kuwabara S, Fukutake T, Hattori T. Plasmapheresis and miller fisher syndrome: Analysis of 50 consecutive cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:680. Access this article online
c
d
Figure 1: (a) Bell’s palsy on left side at presentation. (b) Facial diplegia on 2nd day of admission. (c) Patient able to close both eyelids after 1 month. (d) Nasolabial furrow on right side at 1 month, left side is still weak
Website: www.ijciis.org
Quick Response Code:
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.152352
Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
Partial optic atrophy and homonymous quadrantanopia in a patient with occipital encephalomalacia Dear Editor, In diseases affecting the afferent visual pathways, according to the localization of the lesion to see, different symptoms can occur. The ones that we can evaluate in a easiest way in clinic are the contralateral homonymous visual field effects that emerge behind chiasm resulting
in the affect.[1] Herein we aimed to present an image to demonstrate a partial optic atrophy and homonymous quadrantanopia with occipital encephalomalacia. A 16‑year‑old male patient applied to the eye clinic due to complaints of not seeing far well.
Figure 1: Homonymous quadrantanopia at peripheral visual field examination with threshold 30-2 test
International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science | Vol. 5 | Issue 1 | Jan-Mar 2015
63
Letters to the Editor
a
this feature may be fixation artifact or bilateral cortical representation, and the most accepted theory of vascular occlusive lesions in the macula source from the region of the middle cerebral artery.[2] Homonymous hemianopia is caused most commonly by cerebral artery infarction. Posterior cerebral artery infarcts represent about 5% to 10% of all strokes in a general population. [3] Visual acuity is not affected unless there exists a bilateral lesion. Hemianopia placed behind the chiasm lesions show different features. Visual field defects are usually permanent defects.
b
Figure 2: Occipital encephalomalacia at cerebral magnetic resonance imaging
Ali Akal, Tugba Goncu, Nurefsan Boyaci1, Bahattin Celik2, Ozcan Kocaturk3
In the history there was no trauma, surgical intervention and birth asphyxia. In the eye examination, ‑1.75 myopic refractive errors were present bilaterally. The best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 bilaterally. Partial optic pallor was present in both eyes at fundus examination. Slit‑lamp examination and intraocular pressure were normal. Homonymous quadrantanopia was determined at the peripheral visual field examination with threshold 30‑2 test [Figure 1]. Findings consistent with occipital encephalomalacia have been reported on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging [Figure 2]. Occipital encephalomalacia diagnosis was confirmed at pediatric neurology consultation. Laboratory studies were normal. Any pathological findings required to be treated were not detected at systemic examination. Due to unilateral lesion, not affecting vision, and lack of systemic clinical manifestations it was considered that it occurred after vascular events. The patient is under periodic control for 3 years as signs and symptoms did not change.
Departments of Ophthalmology, 1Radiology, 2Neurosurgery, 3Neurology, Harran University Medical School, Sanliurfa, Turkey Address for correspondence: Dr. Ali Akal, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University Medical School, Sanliurfa - 63300, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
REFERENCES 1. 2. 3.
Trobe JD, Lorber ML, Schlezinger NS. Isolated homonymous hemianopia. A review of 104 cases. Arch Ophthalmol 1973; 89:377‑81. Hoyt WF, Newton TH. Angiographic changes with occlusion of arteries that supply the visual cortex. NZ Med J 1970;72:310‑6. Brandt T, Steinke W, Thie A, Pessin MS, Caplan LR. Posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts: Clinical features, infarct topography, causes and outcome. Multicenter results and a review of the literature. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:170‑82. Access this article online
Website: www.ijciis.org
Quick Response Code:
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.152353
The most prominent features of the occipital lobe lesions are symmetrical contralateral homonymous hemianopia and central (macular) vision is preserved in most of them. Despite the existence of views that reason for
Child‑witnessed domestic violence: An epidemic in the shadows Dear Editor, Your esteemed journal does great credit to critical care, emergency medicine, surgery, trauma and burn; however, we would like to highlight a very different aspect of injury that occupies a prominent role internationally, but is often ignored; and that is the arena of child‑witnessed domestic violence (DV).[1] A staggering 35‑50% of households that experience domestic violence between partners have 64
children. [2] Consequently, there are as many as 275 million children who are exposed to household violence worldwide. [3] Indeed, the above estimate is probably quite conservative because many countries simply do not maintain statistical record in this regard. To add to the true proportion of this problem, children who are exposed to violence in the home are 15 more times as likely to be physically or sexually abused; and this cycle can be continued from generation to generation.[3]
International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science | Vol. 5 | Issue 1 | Jan-Mar 2015
Copyright of International Journal of Critical Illness & Injury Science is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
