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Seto T, Kiura K, Nishio M, et al. CH5424802 (RO5424802) for patients with ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-001JP study): a single-arm, open-label, phase 1–2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 590–98. Gadgeel SM, Gandhi L, Riely GJ, et al. Safety and activity of alectinib against systemic disease and brain metastases in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-002JG): results from the dose-finding portion of a phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol 2014; published online Aug 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70362-6. Maillet D, Martel-Lafay I, Arpin D, Perol M. Ineffectiveness of crizotinib on brain metastases in two cases of lung adenocarcinoma with EML4–ALK rearrangement. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8: e30–31.
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Prasad V, Massey PR, Fojo T. Oral anticancer drugs: how limited dosing options and dose reductions may affect outcomes in comparative trials and efficacy in patients. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1620–29. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Cella D, et al. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 722–31. Escudier B, Porta C, Bono P, et al. Randomized, controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial assessing treatment preference for pazopanib versus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: PISCES study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1412–18.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is now a major part of the strategies used to preserve fertility in prepubertal children given gonadotoxic treatments for cancer. Unlike post-pubertal patients, oocyte or embryo cryobanking is not appropriate for children and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue remains the only therapeutic option in most of the cases. Restoration of ovarian function after reimplantation of frozen–thawed mature ovarian cortex and reports of subsequent pregnancies were the basis of the rationale that guided the development of this approach in the treatment of childhood cancer. However, the success rate of the procedure in adult women is unknown, and the potency of cryopreserved immature gonads to restore fertility in adult survivors of childhood cancer has not yet been assessed. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that immature ovaries are able to restore hormonal function in prepubertal children, in the same way that mature ovaries can in adults.1,2 Additionally, immature ovaries have been used to restore fertility in experimental models.3,4 Although the conditions of tissue harvesting, conditioning, and storing are well supervised by national biomedical and bioethical frameworks, patient selection criteria are mainly left to the discretion of local multidisciplinary committees, resulting in substantial heterogeneity of inclusion criteria, not only worldwide, but also within individual countries. In The Lancet Oncology, Hamish Wallace and colleagues5 address this important issue, and assess their own selection criteria—the Edinburgh selection criteria. The authors retrospectively compared the occurrence of premature ovarian insufficiency over 15 years in a population-based study of children treated for cancer, who were or not offered this procedure. They report that the cumulative probability of developing premature ovarian insufficiency after treatment was completed was significantly higher for patients offered ovarian tissue www.thelancet.com/oncology Vol 15 September 2014
cryopreservation than for those who were not offered ovarian tissue cryopreservation (15-year probability 35% [95% CI 10–53] vs 1% [0–2]; p
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Seto T, Kiura K, Nishio M, et al. CH5424802 (RO5424802) for patients with ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-001JP study): a single-arm, open-label, phase 1–2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 590–98. Gadgeel SM, Gandhi L, Riely GJ, et al. Safety and activity of alectinib against systemic disease and brain metastases in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-002JG): results from the dose-finding portion of a phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol 2014; published online Aug 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70362-6. Maillet D, Martel-Lafay I, Arpin D, Perol M. Ineffectiveness of crizotinib on brain metastases in two cases of lung adenocarcinoma with EML4–ALK rearrangement. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8: e30–31.
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Prasad V, Massey PR, Fojo T. Oral anticancer drugs: how limited dosing options and dose reductions may affect outcomes in comparative trials and efficacy in patients. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1620–29. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Cella D, et al. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 722–31. Escudier B, Porta C, Bono P, et al. Randomized, controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial assessing treatment preference for pazopanib versus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: PISCES study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1412–18.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is now a major part of the strategies used to preserve fertility in prepubertal children given gonadotoxic treatments for cancer. Unlike post-pubertal patients, oocyte or embryo cryobanking is not appropriate for children and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue remains the only therapeutic option in most of the cases. Restoration of ovarian function after reimplantation of frozen–thawed mature ovarian cortex and reports of subsequent pregnancies were the basis of the rationale that guided the development of this approach in the treatment of childhood cancer. However, the success rate of the procedure in adult women is unknown, and the potency of cryopreserved immature gonads to restore fertility in adult survivors of childhood cancer has not yet been assessed. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that immature ovaries are able to restore hormonal function in prepubertal children, in the same way that mature ovaries can in adults.1,2 Additionally, immature ovaries have been used to restore fertility in experimental models.3,4 Although the conditions of tissue harvesting, conditioning, and storing are well supervised by national biomedical and bioethical frameworks, patient selection criteria are mainly left to the discretion of local multidisciplinary committees, resulting in substantial heterogeneity of inclusion criteria, not only worldwide, but also within individual countries. In The Lancet Oncology, Hamish Wallace and colleagues5 address this important issue, and assess their own selection criteria—the Edinburgh selection criteria. The authors retrospectively compared the occurrence of premature ovarian insufficiency over 15 years in a population-based study of children treated for cancer, who were or not offered this procedure. They report that the cumulative probability of developing premature ovarian insufficiency after treatment was completed was significantly higher for patients offered ovarian tissue www.thelancet.com/oncology Vol 15 September 2014
cryopreservation than for those who were not offered ovarian tissue cryopreservation (15-year probability 35% [95% CI 10–53] vs 1% [0–2]; p
