J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci (2015) 22:E1 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.190
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Occupational cholangiocarcinoma Sai Tin Sim · Viroj Wiwanitkit
© 2014 Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
Herein, we discuss the articles on occupational cholangiocarcinoma [1, 2]. Kubo et al. retrospectively analyzed 17 cases with occupational cholangiocarcinoma and concluded that “most of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions” [1]. The emergence of occupational cholangiocarcinoma in printing workers has recently been mentioned [1–3]. The exact carcinogen that induces cholangiocarcinoma in the printing workers is still unknown [4]. Focusing on the reports from Thailand, an endemic area with several new cases of cholangiocarcinoma each year, the problem of parasitic infestation from raw fish intake is mentioned as the main cause of carcinogenesis [4]. Of interest, although there are many printing workers in Thailand, there is still no emerging problem of occupational cholangiocarcinoma, other than parasitic-induced cholangiocarcinoma [5]. Since the Japanese also consume raw fish, similar to Thailand, the problem of parasitic infestation that might be a co-morbidity among the printing workers with occupational cholangiocarcinoma should be further assessed.
S. T. Sim (*) Medical Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China e-mail: [email protected] V. Wiwanitkit Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
References 1. Kubo S, Kinoshita M, Takemura S, Tanaka S, Shinkawa H, Nishioka T, et al. Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:809–17. 2. Kubo S, Nakanuma Y, Takemura S, Sakata C, Urata Y, Nozawa A, et al. Case series of 17 patients with cholangiocarcinoma among young adult workers of a printing company in Japan. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:479–88. 3. Kumagai S. Cholangiocarcinoma among printing workers. Nihon Rinsho. 2014;72:306–9. 4. Sato Y, Kubo S, Takemura S, Sugawara Y, Tanaka S, Fujikawa M, et al. Different carcinogenic process in cholangiocarcinoma cases epidemically developing among workers of a printing company in Japan. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:4745–54. 5. Wiwanitkit V. Clinical findings among 62 Thais with cholangiocarcinoma. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8:228–30.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Occupational cholangiocarcinoma Sai Tin Sim · Viroj Wiwanitkit
© 2014 Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
Herein, we discuss the articles on occupational cholangiocarcinoma [1, 2]. Kubo et al. retrospectively analyzed 17 cases with occupational cholangiocarcinoma and concluded that “most of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions” [1]. The emergence of occupational cholangiocarcinoma in printing workers has recently been mentioned [1–3]. The exact carcinogen that induces cholangiocarcinoma in the printing workers is still unknown [4]. Focusing on the reports from Thailand, an endemic area with several new cases of cholangiocarcinoma each year, the problem of parasitic infestation from raw fish intake is mentioned as the main cause of carcinogenesis [4]. Of interest, although there are many printing workers in Thailand, there is still no emerging problem of occupational cholangiocarcinoma, other than parasitic-induced cholangiocarcinoma [5]. Since the Japanese also consume raw fish, similar to Thailand, the problem of parasitic infestation that might be a co-morbidity among the printing workers with occupational cholangiocarcinoma should be further assessed.
S. T. Sim (*) Medical Center, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China e-mail: [email protected] V. Wiwanitkit Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
References 1. Kubo S, Kinoshita M, Takemura S, Tanaka S, Shinkawa H, Nishioka T, et al. Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:809–17. 2. Kubo S, Nakanuma Y, Takemura S, Sakata C, Urata Y, Nozawa A, et al. Case series of 17 patients with cholangiocarcinoma among young adult workers of a printing company in Japan. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:479–88. 3. Kumagai S. Cholangiocarcinoma among printing workers. Nihon Rinsho. 2014;72:306–9. 4. Sato Y, Kubo S, Takemura S, Sugawara Y, Tanaka S, Fujikawa M, et al. Different carcinogenic process in cholangiocarcinoma cases epidemically developing among workers of a printing company in Japan. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:4745–54. 5. Wiwanitkit V. Clinical findings among 62 Thais with cholangiocarcinoma. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8:228–30.
