Author’s Accepted Manuscript Nuclear model calculation and targetry recipe for production of 110mIn T. Kakavand, M. Mirzaii, M. Eslami, A. Karimi

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S0969-8043(15)30067-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.022 ARI7015

To appear in: Applied Radiation and Isotopes Received date: 21 September 2014 Revised date: 31 May 2015 Accepted date: 16 June 2015 Cite this article as: T. Kakavand, M. Mirzaii, M. Eslami and A. Karimi, Nuclear model calculation and targetry recipe for production of 110mI n , Applied Radiation and Isotopes, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.022 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Nuclear model calculation and targetry recipe for production of 110mIn

T. Kakavanda*, M. Mirzaiib, M. Eslamic,†, A. Karimic a

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University,

Qazvin, Iran b

Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology

Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran c

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

*

Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 28 3390 1311, e-mail: [email protected] (T. Kakavand)



e-mail: [email protected] (M. Eslami)

Abstract 110m

In is potentially an important positron emitting that can be used in positron emission

tomography. In this work, the excitation functions and production yields of 110Cd(d,2n), 111

Cd(d,3n), natCd(d,xn), 110Cd(p,n), 111Cd(p,2n), 112Cd(p,3n) and natCd(p,xn) reactions to

produce the 110mIn were calculated using nuclear model code TALYS and compared with the experimental data. The yield of isomeric state production of 110In was also compared with ground state production ones to reach the optimal energy range of projectile for the high yield production of metastable state. The results indicate that the 110Cd(p,n)110mIn is a high yield reaction with a isomeric ratio (σm/σg) of about 35 within the optimal incident energy range of 15–5 MeV. To make the target, cadmium was electroplated on a copper substrate in varying electroplating conditions such as PH, DC current density, temperature and time. A set of cold

tests were also performed on the final sample under several thermal shocks to verify target resistance. The best electroplated cadmium target was irradiated with 15 MeV protons at current of 100 µA for one hour and the production yield of 110mIn and other byproducts were measured.

Keywords 110m

In; Excitation function; Isomeric ratio; Cadmium electroplating.

1. Introduction Nuclear medicine is constantly expanding through the introduction of new radiopharmaceuticals and sophisticated instruments. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a quantitative functional imaging technique with numerous applications in both clinical practice and research. The high sensitivity derived from the use of radioisotopic methods, with the availability of positron emitting isotopes, confers to PET a unique role within the non-invasive molecular imaging techniques for studies on man (Jones, 1996). With the increasing use of PET in nuclear medicine, compounds labeled with 110mIn can be potentially useful for PET imaging. 110mIn with 69.1 min half-life, Iβ+ = 62% and IEC = 38%, is one of the PET radioisotopes that can be used in diagnoses of special tumors. 110mIn can be used for diagnosing the rejection of transplanted organs, when repeated investigation with a short interval is necessary to see the effect of the used therapy (Szelecsényi et al., 1991). Using the positron emitting 110mIn instead of 111In, which is normally used to label SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) radiopharmaceutical, could provide more quantitative data for some special applications (Tárkányi et al., 2006). Further improvement

in treatment of main tumors that have extensively spread and have metastatic growth requires effective methods to seek and eradicate the spread of tumor cells especially when they are small. Some of the tumors are too small to be detected; therefore the diagnosis of them is important. For example gastroenteropancreatic tumors are often small (

Nuclear model calculation and targetry recipe for production of 110mIn.

(110m)In is potentially an important positron emitting that can be used in positron emission tomography. In this work, the excitation functions and pr...
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