Author's Accepted Manuscript
Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement Alexandre L.S. Borges, Eliseu A. Münchow, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Takamitsu Yoshida, Pekka K. Vallittu, Marco C. Bottino
www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm
PII: DOI: Reference:
S1751-6161(15)00100-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.019 JMBBM1428
To appear in: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
Received date:2 February 2015 Revised date: 22 March 2015 Accepted date: 23 March 2015 Cite this article as: Alexandre L.S. Borges, Eliseu A. Münchow, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Takamitsu Yoshida, Pekka K. Vallittu, Marco C. Bottino, Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.019 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement Alexandre L. S. Borgesa,b,†, Eliseu A. Münchowa,c,†, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souzab, Takamitsu Yoshidaa, Pekka K. Vallittud, Marco C. Bottinoa,* a
Indiana University School of Dentistry - Department of Restorative Dentistry / Division of
Dental Biomaterials, Indianapolis, IN - 46202, USA. b
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José
dos Campos Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. c
Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS – 96065-100,
Brazil. d
Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of
Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku, Division of Welfare Division, Turku, Finland. †
These authors contributed equally to this work
*Corresponding author: Dr. Marco C. Bottino Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Dental Biomaterials 1121 W. Michigan St. Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA Tel: +1-317-274-3725; fax: +1-317-278-7462. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.C. Bottino)
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were (1) to synthesize and characterize random and aligned nanocomposite fibers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/nylon-6 and (2) to determine their reinforcing effects on the flexural strength of a dental resin composite. Nylon-6 was dissolved in hexafluoropropanol (10 wt.%), followed by the addition of MWCNT (hereafter referred to as nanotubes) at two distinct concentrations (i.e., 0.5 or 1.5 wt.%). Neat nylon-6 fibers (without nanotubes) were also prepared. The solutions were electrospun using parameters under low- (120 rpm) or high-speed (6000 rpm) mandrel rotation to collect random and aligned fibers, respectively. The processed fiber mats were characterized by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, as well as by uni-axial tensile testing. To determine the reinforcing effects on the flexural strength of a dental resin composite, bar-shaped (20×2×2mm3) resin composite specimens were prepared by first placing one increment of the composite, followed by one strip of the mat, and one last increment of composite. Non-reinforced composite specimens were used as the control. The specimens were then evaluated using flexural strength testing. SEM was done on the fractured surfaces. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey’s test (α=5%). Nanotubes were successfully incorporated into the nylon-6 fibers. Aligned and random fibers were obtained using high- and low-speed electrospinning, respectively, where the former were significantly (p
Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement Alexandre L.S. Borges, Eliseu A. Münchow, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Takamitsu Yoshida, Pekka K. Vallittu, Marco C. Bottino
www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm
PII: DOI: Reference:
S1751-6161(15)00100-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.019 JMBBM1428
To appear in: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
Received date:2 February 2015 Revised date: 22 March 2015 Accepted date: 23 March 2015 Cite this article as: Alexandre L.S. Borges, Eliseu A. Münchow, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Takamitsu Yoshida, Pekka K. Vallittu, Marco C. Bottino, Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.019 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Effect of random/aligned nylon-6/MWCNT fibers application for dental resin composite reinforcement Alexandre L. S. Borgesa,b,†, Eliseu A. Münchowa,c,†, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Souzab, Takamitsu Yoshidaa, Pekka K. Vallittud, Marco C. Bottinoa,* a
Indiana University School of Dentistry - Department of Restorative Dentistry / Division of
Dental Biomaterials, Indianapolis, IN - 46202, USA. b
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José
dos Campos Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. c
Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS – 96065-100,
Brazil. d
Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of
Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku, Division of Welfare Division, Turku, Finland. †
These authors contributed equally to this work
*Corresponding author: Dr. Marco C. Bottino Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Dental Biomaterials 1121 W. Michigan St. Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA Tel: +1-317-274-3725; fax: +1-317-278-7462. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.C. Bottino)
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were (1) to synthesize and characterize random and aligned nanocomposite fibers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/nylon-6 and (2) to determine their reinforcing effects on the flexural strength of a dental resin composite. Nylon-6 was dissolved in hexafluoropropanol (10 wt.%), followed by the addition of MWCNT (hereafter referred to as nanotubes) at two distinct concentrations (i.e., 0.5 or 1.5 wt.%). Neat nylon-6 fibers (without nanotubes) were also prepared. The solutions were electrospun using parameters under low- (120 rpm) or high-speed (6000 rpm) mandrel rotation to collect random and aligned fibers, respectively. The processed fiber mats were characterized by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, as well as by uni-axial tensile testing. To determine the reinforcing effects on the flexural strength of a dental resin composite, bar-shaped (20×2×2mm3) resin composite specimens were prepared by first placing one increment of the composite, followed by one strip of the mat, and one last increment of composite. Non-reinforced composite specimens were used as the control. The specimens were then evaluated using flexural strength testing. SEM was done on the fractured surfaces. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey’s test (α=5%). Nanotubes were successfully incorporated into the nylon-6 fibers. Aligned and random fibers were obtained using high- and low-speed electrospinning, respectively, where the former were significantly (p
