Multiple Feather Follicle Cysts in a Wild Turkey Author(s): C. E. Couvillion, W. A. Maslin, and R. M. Montgomery Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 26(1):122-124. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.1.122 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-26.1.122
BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
of Wildlife
Journal
Multiple
Feather
Follicle
Cysts
A hunter-killed
ABSTRACT:
wild
diameter,
yellowish,
The not
nodules
were
involve
sisted
of
caseous
dilated
and
The
confined
to
feather
lesions
were
skin
laminated
determined
did con-
with
a
Histologi-
were
markedly
keratin
debris.
to be
multiple
a private
club
(Meleagris was killed
(Catfish
Point
gallopavo by a hunter Hunting
midline uropygial
Sections preserved
feather follicle cysts of unknown etiology. Key words: Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, multiple feather follicle cysts, pathology, anomaly, unknown etiology, case report.
A wild turkey vestris) hen that
Medicine,
Mississippi
from the base gland. Ventrally,
of lesions in neutral
and
were
Club,
changes
by
taken
skin con-
the
back,
nodules
were
restricted
tissues were forma!in,
isolate ground
viruses nodules
ulation
lesions by
follicles keratin
that
marked
that debris
dilation
were (Fig.
filled 2).
the stroma surrounding follicles was thickened tissue
that
were similar
had
was
with
with Some-
affected gran-
infiltrated
by
het-
erophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Histologic sections of liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, ovary, intestine, pancreas and brain were not remarkable. Parasites of skin lesions. negative. bacteria
from cov-
were Virus
not seen in scrapings isolation attempts were
No attempts were made to isolate or fungi, but neither was associ-
ated with the affected feather follicles on histopatho!ogic examination. Gross and microscopic lesions were consistent with a
ered by excoriated necrotic skin and were filled with layers of tan to pale yellow caseous material. The nodules were distributed in the skin over most of the body except for the head, neck and legs. On the dorsum of the wings, nodules were distributed in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern and involved follicles of the primary feathers and the skin over both humeri. On
for to
characterized
of feather laminated
hard nodules (Fig. 1). The nodules were circular or irregularly shaped and involved the skin but not the subcutaneous tissues. of feather shafts protruded Some of the nodules were
(Fig. on the lesions effect
into specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs via the chorioa!lantoic membrane or chorioallantoic sac routes or in chicken embryo kidney cells.
sylon
as determined by adequate muscle and the presence of internal and fat deposits. There were no gross lesions. Externally, there were nu2 to 30 mm diameter, yellowish,
Remnants the nodules.
the neck to lesions were
other buffered
Attempts inoculating
times feather
dition masses external internal merous
of
examination
lesions
because lesions.
multiple physical
State University,
skin
All sections of skin examined microscopically
the presence of bird was in good
1990
and stained Scrapings of
for parasites. were done
,
of The
122-124
Association
processed by standard methods, with hematoxylin and eosin.
County M ississippi (33#{176}50’N, 91#{176}00’W) was submitted to the Diagnostic Laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine (Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA)
Bolivar
pp.
1990,
Disease
scattered randomly over the breast 1) but were bilaterally symmetrical underside of the wings. The skin did not have any apparent physical on the bird.
skin.
and
packed
material.
follicles
with
the
Nodules
follicles
yellow
feather
filled
the
the the
for ex30 mm
in
tissues.
to pale
affected
dilated
nodules
subcutaneous
tan
cally,
hard
College of Veterinary
(Mele-
turkey
submitted numerous 2 to was
26(1),
in a Wild Turkey
C. E. Couvillion, W. A. MasIin, and R. M. Montgomery, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
agris gallopavo silvestris) amination because of
Diseases, © Wildlife
diagnosis
of multiple
Feather follicle scribed primarily
to 122
naries, 1969;
parakeets, Harrison
1986). develop
According when
come
curled
feather cysts in pet
et
and a!.,
in their
cysts.
been desuch as ca-
macaws 1986;
to Olszewski young growing over
follicle
have birds
(Altman, Choudary, (1987), feathers
follicles
cysts beso that
SHORT
1.
FIGURE of
the
Multiple
feather
follicle
cysts
feather
follicles
tended
sheath may
fails
to erupt.
coalesce
and
produce
cies
cysts
abortive sheaths, keratin, and sebaceous gland secretions (Olszewski, 1987). The condition is thought to be hereditary in pet birds, especially canaries and canary hybrids (Altman, 1969; Harrison, 1986; O!szewski, 1987); however from
on the trauma
primary
or
secondary
wings may also (Harrison, 1986).
conditions
of
inbred
feathers
be secondary Some cystic
canaries
to skin
have
been
classified as neoplasms analogous to benign hair follicle tumors in dogs (Whee!don and Culbertson,
1982).
this
probably
turkey
tions
feather
ported
and ing
from
this
cysts
simple
feather
cysts
follicles
area
harvest 15 yr.
have in
spite
of wild
in
with-
not
epicysts from cases been
of
turkeys
re-
regular
dur-
portion
keratin
Rifle ration,
(H&E).
thank
gm.
following
support:
dis-
500
=
agen-
Mississippi
of Wildlife Conservation, NaTurkey Federation, National
Association, Walker
Walton
follicle
Bar
the
cooperative
Department tional Wild
123
of a feather
debris
authors for
Anderson Tu!!y Wildlife Foundation,
League
of American
CorpoIzaak
Endowment,
United States Forest Service, Max McGraw Wildlife Foundation; and Mr. Fred Zieman of Catfish Point Hunting Club. LITERATURE B.
R.
ALTMAN,
1969.
tegumentary ary
birds,
M.
L.
Philadelphia,
E.
D.
W.
involving
Diseases
Petrak
1986.
diseases.
Burr
(ed).
Iowa,
pp.
In
(ed).
Lea
and Co.,
L.
pp.
and
and
Febiger,
243-254. cysts,
and
Companion
bird
medicine,
State
inavi-
Neoplasms,
Iowa
C. J. 1986. In Clinical avian Harrison
the
of cage
University
obPress,
231-239. Disorders
HARRISON,
ders
In
Pennsylvania,
structive Ames,
CITED
Conditions
system.
CIIOUDARY,
dilata-
toward complex Feather follicle not been described related birds. Other
fo!!ic!e
intensive the past
the
were
of pre-existing
out differentiation thelial structures. previously have wild turkeys or of
However,
Lower
with
The
Affected
containing
cysts
2.
FIGURE
on breast
turkey.
wild
COMMUNICATIONS
of the
medicine
and
R. Harrison
Philadelphia,
integument.
surgery,
(eds.).
C.
W.
Pennsylvania,
B. Saunpp.
509-
524. HARRISON,
1986. icine
L. R., K. Choosing and
surgery,
FLAMMER,
a bird. C.
J.
AND
In
C. J.
Clinical
Harrison
HARRISON.
avian and
med-
L. R. Har-
J.
124
JOURNAL
rison
OF WILDLIFE
(eds.).
W.
Pennsylvania, OLSZEWSKI,
disorders.
Burr Iowa,
pp.
B.
DISEASES,
Saunders
VOL.
Co.,
26, NO.
1, JANUARY
Philadelphia,
3-11.
B. 1987. Mutations and hereditary In Companion bird medicine, E. W. (ed). Iowa State University Press, Ames, A.
pp.
33-35.
1990
E. B.,
WHEELDON,
Feather anus).
Received
AND
folliculoma Veterinary
for
publication
M. R. CULBERTSON. 1982. in the canary (Serinus canPathology
2 May
19:
1989.
204-206.
BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
of Wildlife
Journal
Multiple
Feather
Follicle
Cysts
A hunter-killed
ABSTRACT:
wild
diameter,
yellowish,
The not
nodules
were
involve
sisted
of
caseous
dilated
and
The
confined
to
feather
lesions
were
skin
laminated
determined
did con-
with
a
Histologi-
were
markedly
keratin
debris.
to be
multiple
a private
club
(Meleagris was killed
(Catfish
Point
gallopavo by a hunter Hunting
midline uropygial
Sections preserved
feather follicle cysts of unknown etiology. Key words: Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, multiple feather follicle cysts, pathology, anomaly, unknown etiology, case report.
A wild turkey vestris) hen that
Medicine,
Mississippi
from the base gland. Ventrally,
of lesions in neutral
and
were
Club,
changes
by
taken
skin con-
the
back,
nodules
were
restricted
tissues were forma!in,
isolate ground
viruses nodules
ulation
lesions by
follicles keratin
that
marked
that debris
dilation
were (Fig.
filled 2).
the stroma surrounding follicles was thickened tissue
that
were similar
had
was
with
with Some-
affected gran-
infiltrated
by
het-
erophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Histologic sections of liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, ovary, intestine, pancreas and brain were not remarkable. Parasites of skin lesions. negative. bacteria
from cov-
were Virus
not seen in scrapings isolation attempts were
No attempts were made to isolate or fungi, but neither was associ-
ated with the affected feather follicles on histopatho!ogic examination. Gross and microscopic lesions were consistent with a
ered by excoriated necrotic skin and were filled with layers of tan to pale yellow caseous material. The nodules were distributed in the skin over most of the body except for the head, neck and legs. On the dorsum of the wings, nodules were distributed in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern and involved follicles of the primary feathers and the skin over both humeri. On
for to
characterized
of feather laminated
hard nodules (Fig. 1). The nodules were circular or irregularly shaped and involved the skin but not the subcutaneous tissues. of feather shafts protruded Some of the nodules were
(Fig. on the lesions effect
into specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs via the chorioa!lantoic membrane or chorioallantoic sac routes or in chicken embryo kidney cells.
sylon
as determined by adequate muscle and the presence of internal and fat deposits. There were no gross lesions. Externally, there were nu2 to 30 mm diameter, yellowish,
Remnants the nodules.
the neck to lesions were
other buffered
Attempts inoculating
times feather
dition masses external internal merous
of
examination
lesions
because lesions.
multiple physical
State University,
skin
All sections of skin examined microscopically
the presence of bird was in good
1990
and stained Scrapings of
for parasites. were done
,
of The
122-124
Association
processed by standard methods, with hematoxylin and eosin.
County M ississippi (33#{176}50’N, 91#{176}00’W) was submitted to the Diagnostic Laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine (Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA)
Bolivar
pp.
1990,
Disease
scattered randomly over the breast 1) but were bilaterally symmetrical underside of the wings. The skin did not have any apparent physical on the bird.
skin.
and
packed
material.
follicles
with
the
Nodules
follicles
yellow
feather
filled
the
the the
for ex30 mm
in
tissues.
to pale
affected
dilated
nodules
subcutaneous
tan
cally,
hard
College of Veterinary
(Mele-
turkey
submitted numerous 2 to was
26(1),
in a Wild Turkey
C. E. Couvillion, W. A. MasIin, and R. M. Montgomery, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
agris gallopavo silvestris) amination because of
Diseases, © Wildlife
diagnosis
of multiple
Feather follicle scribed primarily
to 122
naries, 1969;
parakeets, Harrison
1986). develop
According when
come
curled
feather cysts in pet
et
and a!.,
in their
cysts.
been desuch as ca-
macaws 1986;
to Olszewski young growing over
follicle
have birds
(Altman, Choudary, (1987), feathers
follicles
cysts beso that
SHORT
1.
FIGURE of
the
Multiple
feather
follicle
cysts
feather
follicles
tended
sheath may
fails
to erupt.
coalesce
and
produce
cies
cysts
abortive sheaths, keratin, and sebaceous gland secretions (Olszewski, 1987). The condition is thought to be hereditary in pet birds, especially canaries and canary hybrids (Altman, 1969; Harrison, 1986; O!szewski, 1987); however from
on the trauma
primary
or
secondary
wings may also (Harrison, 1986).
conditions
of
inbred
feathers
be secondary Some cystic
canaries
to skin
have
been
classified as neoplasms analogous to benign hair follicle tumors in dogs (Whee!don and Culbertson,
1982).
this
probably
turkey
tions
feather
ported
and ing
from
this
cysts
simple
feather
cysts
follicles
area
harvest 15 yr.
have in
spite
of wild
in
with-
not
epicysts from cases been
of
turkeys
re-
regular
dur-
portion
keratin
Rifle ration,
(H&E).
thank
gm.
following
support:
dis-
500
=
agen-
Mississippi
of Wildlife Conservation, NaTurkey Federation, National
Association, Walker
Walton
follicle
Bar
the
cooperative
Department tional Wild
123
of a feather
debris
authors for
Anderson Tu!!y Wildlife Foundation,
League
of American
CorpoIzaak
Endowment,
United States Forest Service, Max McGraw Wildlife Foundation; and Mr. Fred Zieman of Catfish Point Hunting Club. LITERATURE B.
R.
ALTMAN,
1969.
tegumentary ary
birds,
M.
L.
Philadelphia,
E.
D.
W.
involving
Diseases
Petrak
1986.
diseases.
Burr
(ed).
Iowa,
pp.
In
(ed).
Lea
and Co.,
L.
pp.
and
and
Febiger,
243-254. cysts,
and
Companion
bird
medicine,
State
inavi-
Neoplasms,
Iowa
C. J. 1986. In Clinical avian Harrison
the
of cage
University
obPress,
231-239. Disorders
HARRISON,
ders
In
Pennsylvania,
structive Ames,
CITED
Conditions
system.
CIIOUDARY,
dilata-
toward complex Feather follicle not been described related birds. Other
fo!!ic!e
intensive the past
the
were
of pre-existing
out differentiation thelial structures. previously have wild turkeys or of
However,
Lower
with
The
Affected
containing
cysts
2.
FIGURE
on breast
turkey.
wild
COMMUNICATIONS
of the
medicine
and
R. Harrison
Philadelphia,
integument.
surgery,
(eds.).
C.
W.
Pennsylvania,
B. Saunpp.
509-
524. HARRISON,
1986. icine
L. R., K. Choosing and
surgery,
FLAMMER,
a bird. C.
J.
AND
In
C. J.
Clinical
Harrison
HARRISON.
avian and
med-
L. R. Har-
J.
124
JOURNAL
rison
OF WILDLIFE
(eds.).
W.
Pennsylvania, OLSZEWSKI,
disorders.
Burr Iowa,
pp.
B.
DISEASES,
Saunders
VOL.
Co.,
26, NO.
1, JANUARY
Philadelphia,
3-11.
B. 1987. Mutations and hereditary In Companion bird medicine, E. W. (ed). Iowa State University Press, Ames, A.
pp.
33-35.
1990
E. B.,
WHEELDON,
Feather anus).
Received
AND
folliculoma Veterinary
for
publication
M. R. CULBERTSON. 1982. in the canary (Serinus canPathology
2 May
19:
1989.
204-206.
