Journal of Clinical Densitometry: Assessment & Management of Musculoskeletal Health, vol. -, no. -, 1e2, 2014 Ó Copyright 2014 by The International Society for Clinical Densitometry 1094-6950/13/-:1e2/$36.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.11.004
Letter to the Editor Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Bone Mass in French Boys maximal oxygen consumption and bone variables in growing children.
Although several studies have shown associations between anaerobic performance and bone mass (1,2), little is known concerning the relationship between aerobic performance and bone mass. However, childhood is a key period for the accumulation of bone mass (3e6). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and whole-body bone mineral content (WB BMC) in a group of French boys. A total of 122 French boys whose age ranged from 6 to 16 yr participated in this study. Informed written consent was obtained from the parents. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. VO2 max was determined by direct measurement while exercising on a bicycle ergometer (Siemens-Elema RE 820; Rodby Elektronik AB, Enhorna, Sweden). A progressive 2-min step protocol (20 W per step) was used as previously described (7,8). WB BMC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; QDR-4500W; Hologic, Waltham, MA). VO2 max (expressed as liters per minute) was positively correlated to WB BMC (r2 5 0.52; p ! 0.001). The positive association between VO2 max and WB BMC remained significant after adjustment for age ( p ! 0.001). This study suggests that VO2 max (liters per minute) is a positive determinant of WB BMC in boys. Aerobic performance seems to be a determinant of bone mass in growing children. Previous studies have shown that some athletes who have a very high VO2 max (milliliters per minute per kilogram) such as runners and cyclists do not necessarily have high BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) values. However, some athletes who practice impact sports and have high VO2 max (liters per minute) such as rugby players and soccer players have high BMC and BMD values (9e11). Our study has several limitations. The first limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the study. The second limitation is the relatively low number of subjects. The third limitation is the two-dimensional nature of DXA (12). However, up to our knowledge, it is the first study to show strong associations between absolute
Rawad El Hage Department of Physical Education University of Balamand El-Koura, Lebanon Gautier Zunquin Departement STAPS URePSSS-EA 4110/EA448, ULCO Dunkerque, France Eddy Zakhem Department of Physical Education University of Balamand El-Koura, Lebanon Denis Theunynck Departement STAPS URePSSS-EA 4110/EA448, ULCO Dunkerque, France Dominique Bougle Pediatric Department CHU de Caen Caen, France
References 1. Zakhem E, El Hage R, Bassil S, et al. 2013 Standing long jump performance is a positive determinant of bone mineral density in young adult women. J Clin Densitom 16:129e130. 2. El Hage R, Zakhem E, Zunquin G, et al. 2013 Performances in vertical jump and horizontal jump tests are positive determinants of hip bone mineral density in a group of young adult men. J Clin Densitom. In press. 3. Ferrari S, Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP. 1998 Heritable and nutritional influences on bone mineral mass. Aging (Milano) 10:205e213. 4. Carrie F€assler AL, Bonjour JP. 1995 Osteoporosis as a pediatric problem. Pediatr Clin North Am 42:811e824. 5. Rocher E, El Hage R, Chappard C, et al. 2013 Bone mineral density, hip bone geometry, and calcaneus trabecular bone texture in obese and normal-weight children. J Clin Densitom 16:244e249. 6. Rizzoli R, Bianchi ML, Garabedian M, et al. 2010 Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 46:294e305.
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2
Letter to the Editor 7. Heinonen A, Oja P, Kannus P, et al. 1995 Bone mineral density in female athletes representing sports with different loading characteristics of the skeleton. Bone 17:197e203. 8. Kairouz C, Jacob C, El Hage R, et al. 2013 Effect of hyperventilation followed by a 1 min recovery on the Wingate performance. Sci Sports 28:e15ee18. 9. Vicente-Rodriguez G, Ara I, Perez-Gomez J, et al. 2004 High femoral bone mineral density accretion in prepubertal soccer players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1789e1795.
10. Huuskonen J, V€ais€anen SB, Kr€ oger H, et al. 2000 Determinants of bone mineral density in middle aged men: a populationbased study. Osteoporos Int 11:702e708. 11. Afghani A, Abbott AV, Wiswell RA, et al. 2004 Bone mineral density in Hispanic women: role of aerobic capacity, fat-free mass, and adiposity. Int J Sports Med 25:384e390. 12. Beck TJ. 2003 Measuring the structural strength of bones with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: principles, technical limitations, and future possibilities. Osteoporos Int 14:S81eS88.
Journal of Clinical Densitometry: Assessment & Management of Musculoskeletal Health
Volume
-,
2014
Letter to the Editor Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Bone Mass in French Boys maximal oxygen consumption and bone variables in growing children.
Although several studies have shown associations between anaerobic performance and bone mass (1,2), little is known concerning the relationship between aerobic performance and bone mass. However, childhood is a key period for the accumulation of bone mass (3e6). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and whole-body bone mineral content (WB BMC) in a group of French boys. A total of 122 French boys whose age ranged from 6 to 16 yr participated in this study. Informed written consent was obtained from the parents. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. VO2 max was determined by direct measurement while exercising on a bicycle ergometer (Siemens-Elema RE 820; Rodby Elektronik AB, Enhorna, Sweden). A progressive 2-min step protocol (20 W per step) was used as previously described (7,8). WB BMC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; QDR-4500W; Hologic, Waltham, MA). VO2 max (expressed as liters per minute) was positively correlated to WB BMC (r2 5 0.52; p ! 0.001). The positive association between VO2 max and WB BMC remained significant after adjustment for age ( p ! 0.001). This study suggests that VO2 max (liters per minute) is a positive determinant of WB BMC in boys. Aerobic performance seems to be a determinant of bone mass in growing children. Previous studies have shown that some athletes who have a very high VO2 max (milliliters per minute per kilogram) such as runners and cyclists do not necessarily have high BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) values. However, some athletes who practice impact sports and have high VO2 max (liters per minute) such as rugby players and soccer players have high BMC and BMD values (9e11). Our study has several limitations. The first limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the study. The second limitation is the relatively low number of subjects. The third limitation is the two-dimensional nature of DXA (12). However, up to our knowledge, it is the first study to show strong associations between absolute
Rawad El Hage Department of Physical Education University of Balamand El-Koura, Lebanon Gautier Zunquin Departement STAPS URePSSS-EA 4110/EA448, ULCO Dunkerque, France Eddy Zakhem Department of Physical Education University of Balamand El-Koura, Lebanon Denis Theunynck Departement STAPS URePSSS-EA 4110/EA448, ULCO Dunkerque, France Dominique Bougle Pediatric Department CHU de Caen Caen, France
References 1. Zakhem E, El Hage R, Bassil S, et al. 2013 Standing long jump performance is a positive determinant of bone mineral density in young adult women. J Clin Densitom 16:129e130. 2. El Hage R, Zakhem E, Zunquin G, et al. 2013 Performances in vertical jump and horizontal jump tests are positive determinants of hip bone mineral density in a group of young adult men. J Clin Densitom. In press. 3. Ferrari S, Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP. 1998 Heritable and nutritional influences on bone mineral mass. Aging (Milano) 10:205e213. 4. Carrie F€assler AL, Bonjour JP. 1995 Osteoporosis as a pediatric problem. Pediatr Clin North Am 42:811e824. 5. Rocher E, El Hage R, Chappard C, et al. 2013 Bone mineral density, hip bone geometry, and calcaneus trabecular bone texture in obese and normal-weight children. J Clin Densitom 16:244e249. 6. Rizzoli R, Bianchi ML, Garabedian M, et al. 2010 Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 46:294e305.
1
2
Letter to the Editor 7. Heinonen A, Oja P, Kannus P, et al. 1995 Bone mineral density in female athletes representing sports with different loading characteristics of the skeleton. Bone 17:197e203. 8. Kairouz C, Jacob C, El Hage R, et al. 2013 Effect of hyperventilation followed by a 1 min recovery on the Wingate performance. Sci Sports 28:e15ee18. 9. Vicente-Rodriguez G, Ara I, Perez-Gomez J, et al. 2004 High femoral bone mineral density accretion in prepubertal soccer players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1789e1795.
10. Huuskonen J, V€ais€anen SB, Kr€ oger H, et al. 2000 Determinants of bone mineral density in middle aged men: a populationbased study. Osteoporos Int 11:702e708. 11. Afghani A, Abbott AV, Wiswell RA, et al. 2004 Bone mineral density in Hispanic women: role of aerobic capacity, fat-free mass, and adiposity. Int J Sports Med 25:384e390. 12. Beck TJ. 2003 Measuring the structural strength of bones with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: principles, technical limitations, and future possibilities. Osteoporos Int 14:S81eS88.
Journal of Clinical Densitometry: Assessment & Management of Musculoskeletal Health
Volume
-,
2014
