Biol Trace Elem Res DOI 10.1007/s12011-014-0084-7
Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Renal Tubular Functions in Children with Iron Deficiency or Iron-Deficiency Anemia Demet Altun & Ahmet Emin Kurekci & Orhan Gursel & Duygu Ovunc Hacıhamdioglu & Ismail Kurt & Ahmet Aydın & Okan Ozcan
Received: 6 June 2014 / Accepted: 15 July 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract We aimed to investigate the effects of iron deficiency (ID) or iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on oxidative stress and renal tubular functions before and after treatment of children. A total of 30 children with a diagnosis of IDA constituted the IDA group and 32 children with a diagnosis of ID constituted the ID group. Control group consisted 38 age-matched children. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum, and urinary sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels, and intra-erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were measured before and after iron therapy in the IDA and ID groups, whereas it was studied once in the control group. We have divided the study group in groups according to age (infants 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.04
PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation)
0.01 ID group PreT vs. PostT
0.04
0.05 >0.05
0.05
>0.05 >0.05
0.05 >0.05
0.03 0.05
0.05
>0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
0.05
0.05 ID group PreT vs. control
>0.05
0.02 0.05 0.02
0.01 0.05 0.008 0.05 0.05 >0.05 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment
between the IDA, ID, and control groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between pre- and post-treatment renal tubular function values and between these values and the control group (p>0.05). Patients with IDA (infant, adolescent) and ID (infant, children, and adolescent) had a significantly high level of MDA in posttreatment period in comparison to those of healthy control. Patients with IDA (children, adolescent) and ID (infant, children) had a significantly high level of pre-treatment GSH-Px than controls. Post-treatment SOD was lower in IDA (children and adolescent) groups than control and post-treatment CAT was lower in IDA and ID (adolescent) groups than control (p0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment p0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.02 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Effect of Iron Deficiency on Renal Tubular Functions Table 6 Comparison of pre- and post-treatment MDA and antioxidant enzyme levels with each other and with the control group of adolescent Parameter IDA group ID group
PreT (n=9) PostT (n=9) PreT (n=7) PostT (n=7) (n=13)
Control group p value IDA group PreT vs. ID group PreT IDA group PreT vs. control ID group PreT vs. control IDA group PostT vs. ID group PostT IDA group PostT vs. control ID group Post T vs. control IDA group PreT vs. PostT ID group PreT vs. PostT
MDA (nmol/mL)
SOD (U/g Hb)
CAT (kU/g Hb)
GSH-Px (U/g Hb)
2.7±0.7 3.8±0.6 1.9±0.8 4.6±2.2 2.5±0.5
265.5±117 183±85.8 409.5±130 301.5±144 342±93
41.8±11.8 33±6.2 51.7±9.4 40.4±9.7 52.9±8.3
2.8±0.4 1.3±0.3 1.9±0.6 1.2±0.9 1.4±0.7
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.02 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.005 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment p
Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Renal Tubular Functions in Children with Iron Deficiency or Iron-Deficiency Anemia Demet Altun & Ahmet Emin Kurekci & Orhan Gursel & Duygu Ovunc Hacıhamdioglu & Ismail Kurt & Ahmet Aydın & Okan Ozcan
Received: 6 June 2014 / Accepted: 15 July 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract We aimed to investigate the effects of iron deficiency (ID) or iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on oxidative stress and renal tubular functions before and after treatment of children. A total of 30 children with a diagnosis of IDA constituted the IDA group and 32 children with a diagnosis of ID constituted the ID group. Control group consisted 38 age-matched children. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum, and urinary sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels, and intra-erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were measured before and after iron therapy in the IDA and ID groups, whereas it was studied once in the control group. We have divided the study group in groups according to age (infants 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.04
PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation)
0.01 ID group PreT vs. PostT
0.04
0.05 >0.05
0.05
>0.05 >0.05
0.05 >0.05
0.03 0.05
0.05
>0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05
0.05
0.05 ID group PreT vs. control
>0.05
0.02 0.05 0.02
0.01 0.05 0.008 0.05 0.05 >0.05 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment
between the IDA, ID, and control groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between pre- and post-treatment renal tubular function values and between these values and the control group (p>0.05). Patients with IDA (infant, adolescent) and ID (infant, children, and adolescent) had a significantly high level of MDA in posttreatment period in comparison to those of healthy control. Patients with IDA (children, adolescent) and ID (infant, children) had a significantly high level of pre-treatment GSH-Px than controls. Post-treatment SOD was lower in IDA (children and adolescent) groups than control and post-treatment CAT was lower in IDA and ID (adolescent) groups than control (p0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment p0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.02 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Effect of Iron Deficiency on Renal Tubular Functions Table 6 Comparison of pre- and post-treatment MDA and antioxidant enzyme levels with each other and with the control group of adolescent Parameter IDA group ID group
PreT (n=9) PostT (n=9) PreT (n=7) PostT (n=7) (n=13)
Control group p value IDA group PreT vs. ID group PreT IDA group PreT vs. control ID group PreT vs. control IDA group PostT vs. ID group PostT IDA group PostT vs. control ID group Post T vs. control IDA group PreT vs. PostT ID group PreT vs. PostT
MDA (nmol/mL)
SOD (U/g Hb)
CAT (kU/g Hb)
GSH-Px (U/g Hb)
2.7±0.7 3.8±0.6 1.9±0.8 4.6±2.2 2.5±0.5
265.5±117 183±85.8 409.5±130 301.5±144 342±93
41.8±11.8 33±6.2 51.7±9.4 40.4±9.7 52.9±8.3
2.8±0.4 1.3±0.3 1.9±0.6 1.2±0.9 1.4±0.7
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.001 >0.05 >0.05
0.04 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.02 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.001 0.005 >0.05 >0.05
>0.05 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
Values are given as mean±SD (standard deviation) PreT pre-treatment, PostT post-treatment p
