Locally Delivered Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug: A Potential Option for Heterotopic Ossification Prevention Jessica C. Rivera, M.D.1, Joseph R. Hsu, M.D.2, Scott P. Noel, Ph.D.3, Joseph C. Wenke, Ph.D.4, and Christopher R. Rathbone, Ph.D.5 Abstract Oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis following at-risk injuries and procedures. We hypothesized that NSAIDs may be delivered locally in a wound for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis. In in vitro work, we cultured osteoblasts with three commercially available NSAIDs and then measured cell viability and DNA content. Indomethacin caused a 50% decrease in DNA at the lowest dose (0.0001 mM) and the most potent decrease in cell viability (