Research Original Investigation
Nut/Peanut Consumption and Mortality
health disparities. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010;21(1)(suppl):26-37. 10. Cai H, Zheng W, Xiang YB, et al. Dietary patterns and their correlates among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men: a report from the Shanghai Men’s Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2007;98 (5):1006-1013.
15. Yang Y, Wang G, Pan X, eds. China Food Composition Tables. Beijing, China: Peking University Medical Press; 2002. 16. Villegas R, Yang G, Liu D, et al. Validity and reproducibility of the Food-Frequency Questionnaire used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2007;97(5):993-1000.
11. Zheng W, Chow WH, Yang G, et al. The Shanghai Women’s Health Study: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162 (11):1123-1131.
17. Shu XO, Yang G, Jin F, et al. Validity and reproducibility of the Food Frequency Questionnaire used in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(1):17-23.
12. Signorello LB, Munro HM, Buchowski MS, et al. Estimating nutrient intake from a food frequency questionnaire: incorporating the elements of race and geographic region. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170 (1):104-111.
18. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
13. Schlundt DG, Buchowski MS, Hargreaves MK, Hankin JH, Signorello LB, Blot WJ. Separate estimates of portion size were not essential for energy and nutrient estimation: results from the Southern Community Cohort food-frequency questionnaire pilot study. Public Health Nutr. 2007; 10(3):245-251. 14. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: nut consumption of US adults, 2009-2010. December 17, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs /pressroom/calendar/2014_schedule.htm#Subject. Accessed September 25, 2014.
19. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977. 20. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-383. 21. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279-1290.
premature mortality in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(3):913-920. 23. Baer HJ, Glynn RJ, Hu FB, et al. Risk factors for mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: a competing risks analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(3):319-329. 24. Ellsworth JL, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Frequent nut intake and risk of death from coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;11(6):372-377. 25. Fraser GE, Sumbureru D, Pribis P, Neil RL, Frankson MA. Association among health habits, risk factors, and all-cause mortality in a black California population. Epidemiology. 1997;8(2):168-174. 26. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Risk factors for all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in the oldest-old: the Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(19):2249-2258. 27. Leppälä JM, Virtamo J, Fogelholm R, Albanes D, Heinonen OP. Different risk factors for different stroke subtypes: association of blood pressure, cholesterol, and antioxidants. Stroke. 1999;30(12): 2535-2540. 28. Warlow CP. Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet. 1998; 352(suppl 3):I1-I4.
22. van den Brandt PA. The impact of a Mediterranean diet and healthy lifestyle on
Editor's Note
Live Longer…for Peanuts Mitchell H. Katz, MD
Multiple studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of eating nuts. Nonetheless, the editors felt it was worth publishing another such study for 2 reasons. First, this study1 combined 3 cohorts to produce a large and diverse sample, inRelated article page 755 cluding a predominately low socioeconomic cohort of Americans and 2 Chinese cohorts. The authors found that higher nut intake was associated with lower mortality in all 3 cohorts. The consistency of the results between the cohorts Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. 1. Luu HN, Blot WJ, Xiang Y-B, et al. Prospective evaluation of the association of nut/peanut
766
and with prior studies that have been performed in higherincome populations increases our confidence that the beneficial effects of nuts are not due to other characteristics of nut eaters. Second, in the 2 Asian cohorts, nuts were limited to peanuts because there was very little tree nut consumption in these groups. This is important because peanuts are cheap and ubiquitous (and can be ground into delicious peanut butter!). Of course, peanuts are not really nuts (they are legumes since they grow in bushes, unlike tree nuts), but who cares if they help us to live longer at an affordable price.
consumption with total and cause-specific mortality [published online March 2, 2015]. JAMA Intern Med. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8347.
JAMA Internal Medicine May 2015 Volume 175, Number 5 (Reprinted)
Copyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Downloaded From: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/ by a Georgetown University Medical Center User on 05/27/2015
jamainternalmedicine.com
Nut/Peanut Consumption and Mortality
health disparities. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010;21(1)(suppl):26-37. 10. Cai H, Zheng W, Xiang YB, et al. Dietary patterns and their correlates among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men: a report from the Shanghai Men’s Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2007;98 (5):1006-1013.
15. Yang Y, Wang G, Pan X, eds. China Food Composition Tables. Beijing, China: Peking University Medical Press; 2002. 16. Villegas R, Yang G, Liu D, et al. Validity and reproducibility of the Food-Frequency Questionnaire used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2007;97(5):993-1000.
11. Zheng W, Chow WH, Yang G, et al. The Shanghai Women’s Health Study: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162 (11):1123-1131.
17. Shu XO, Yang G, Jin F, et al. Validity and reproducibility of the Food Frequency Questionnaire used in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(1):17-23.
12. Signorello LB, Munro HM, Buchowski MS, et al. Estimating nutrient intake from a food frequency questionnaire: incorporating the elements of race and geographic region. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170 (1):104-111.
18. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
13. Schlundt DG, Buchowski MS, Hargreaves MK, Hankin JH, Signorello LB, Blot WJ. Separate estimates of portion size were not essential for energy and nutrient estimation: results from the Southern Community Cohort food-frequency questionnaire pilot study. Public Health Nutr. 2007; 10(3):245-251. 14. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: nut consumption of US adults, 2009-2010. December 17, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs /pressroom/calendar/2014_schedule.htm#Subject. Accessed September 25, 2014.
19. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977. 20. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-383. 21. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279-1290.
premature mortality in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(3):913-920. 23. Baer HJ, Glynn RJ, Hu FB, et al. Risk factors for mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: a competing risks analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(3):319-329. 24. Ellsworth JL, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Frequent nut intake and risk of death from coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;11(6):372-377. 25. Fraser GE, Sumbureru D, Pribis P, Neil RL, Frankson MA. Association among health habits, risk factors, and all-cause mortality in a black California population. Epidemiology. 1997;8(2):168-174. 26. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Risk factors for all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in the oldest-old: the Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(19):2249-2258. 27. Leppälä JM, Virtamo J, Fogelholm R, Albanes D, Heinonen OP. Different risk factors for different stroke subtypes: association of blood pressure, cholesterol, and antioxidants. Stroke. 1999;30(12): 2535-2540. 28. Warlow CP. Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet. 1998; 352(suppl 3):I1-I4.
22. van den Brandt PA. The impact of a Mediterranean diet and healthy lifestyle on
Editor's Note
Live Longer…for Peanuts Mitchell H. Katz, MD
Multiple studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of eating nuts. Nonetheless, the editors felt it was worth publishing another such study for 2 reasons. First, this study1 combined 3 cohorts to produce a large and diverse sample, inRelated article page 755 cluding a predominately low socioeconomic cohort of Americans and 2 Chinese cohorts. The authors found that higher nut intake was associated with lower mortality in all 3 cohorts. The consistency of the results between the cohorts Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. 1. Luu HN, Blot WJ, Xiang Y-B, et al. Prospective evaluation of the association of nut/peanut
766
and with prior studies that have been performed in higherincome populations increases our confidence that the beneficial effects of nuts are not due to other characteristics of nut eaters. Second, in the 2 Asian cohorts, nuts were limited to peanuts because there was very little tree nut consumption in these groups. This is important because peanuts are cheap and ubiquitous (and can be ground into delicious peanut butter!). Of course, peanuts are not really nuts (they are legumes since they grow in bushes, unlike tree nuts), but who cares if they help us to live longer at an affordable price.
consumption with total and cause-specific mortality [published online March 2, 2015]. JAMA Intern Med. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8347.
JAMA Internal Medicine May 2015 Volume 175, Number 5 (Reprinted)
Copyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Downloaded From: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/ by a Georgetown University Medical Center User on 05/27/2015
jamainternalmedicine.com
