Review
Expert Review of Vaccines Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nanyang Technological University on 04/26/15 For personal use only.
Live attenuated influenza vaccine tetravalent: a clinical review Expert Rev. Vaccines Early online, 1–11 (2015)
Allyn R Bandell1 and Eric AF Simo˜es*2,3 1 AstraZeneca One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA 2 Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA 3 Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123, East 16th Ave, Aurora CO 80045, USA *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 720 777 6981 [email protected]
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been available as a trivalent formulation in the EU since 2012. Influenza B strains from two lineages have co-circulated outside Asia in Europe, Israel and North America since the early 2000s. The trivalent vaccine contained a single influenza B lineage virus chosen primarily on the basis of the previous year’s circulating lineage. Failure to align the vaccine virus with the circulating virus leaves even vaccinated patients, particularly children, at risk for infection with B viruses from the other lineage. Recently, a tetravalent formulation was approved and use will begin during the 2014–2015 influenza season. Approval of LAIV Tetra was based on the established efficacy and safety of trivalent LAIV and studies demonstrating similar immunogenicity between the trivalent and tetravalent vaccines. Addition of a fourth strain to the vaccine will address the issue of co-circulation of influenza B viruses and provide a broader range of protection. KEYWORDS: intranasal influenza vaccine . live attenuated influenza vaccine . tetra . tetravalent
Although pediatric mortality is low in industrialized countries [1], a recent study in England demonstrated that the population
Expert Review of Vaccines Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nanyang Technological University on 04/26/15 For personal use only.
Live attenuated influenza vaccine tetravalent: a clinical review Expert Rev. Vaccines Early online, 1–11 (2015)
Allyn R Bandell1 and Eric AF Simo˜es*2,3 1 AstraZeneca One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA 2 Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA 3 Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123, East 16th Ave, Aurora CO 80045, USA *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 720 777 6981 [email protected]
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been available as a trivalent formulation in the EU since 2012. Influenza B strains from two lineages have co-circulated outside Asia in Europe, Israel and North America since the early 2000s. The trivalent vaccine contained a single influenza B lineage virus chosen primarily on the basis of the previous year’s circulating lineage. Failure to align the vaccine virus with the circulating virus leaves even vaccinated patients, particularly children, at risk for infection with B viruses from the other lineage. Recently, a tetravalent formulation was approved and use will begin during the 2014–2015 influenza season. Approval of LAIV Tetra was based on the established efficacy and safety of trivalent LAIV and studies demonstrating similar immunogenicity between the trivalent and tetravalent vaccines. Addition of a fourth strain to the vaccine will address the issue of co-circulation of influenza B viruses and provide a broader range of protection. KEYWORDS: intranasal influenza vaccine . live attenuated influenza vaccine . tetra . tetravalent
Although pediatric mortality is low in industrialized countries [1], a recent study in England demonstrated that the population
