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p e r c e n t a g e of m a l e - m o t h e r s a n d m a l e - f e m a l e - m o t h e r s . W e used t h e line 2 K of Heteropeza pygmaea ( I t o n i d i d a e , Dipt.) 7. T h e s u b s t r a t e for t h e f u n g u s Peniophora albula c o n s i s t e d of 5 % m a l t e x t r a c t , 4 % a g a r a n d 9 1 % distilled water. T h e P e t r i dishes were i n o c u l a t e d w i t h t h e f u n g u s in t h e c e n t r e of t h e plates. To o b t a i n f e m a l e - m o t h e r s , 2.5 d a y s a f t e r i n o c u l a t i o n 8-10 4-ram-sized m o t h e r l a r v a e w i t h d a u g h t e r l a r v a e a b o u t to h a t c h were p l a c e d in a P e t r i dish o n t h e edge of t h e g r o w i n g fungus. F o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n of m a l e - m o t h e r s a n d m a l e - f e m a l e - m o t h e r s , t h e m o t h e r l a r v a e were p l a c e d in t h e c e n t r e of t h e P e t r i dish a f t e r 7 d a y s of f u n g u s growth. All o t h e r p a r a m e t e r s s u c h as t e m p e r a t u r e , etc., were held c o n s t a n t t Results. F r o m t h e 8-10 m o t h e r l a r v a e w h i c h were p l a c e d in a P e t r i dish, b e t w e e n 200 a n d 300 d a u g h t e r l a r v a e h a t c h e d w i t h i n a few hours. I n b o t h g r o u p s (group 1: l a r v a e p l a c e d o n p l a t e s w i t h 2 . 5 - d a y s - o l d f u n g u s ; g r o u p 2 : t h e s a m e o n 7-day-old fungus) t h e l a r v a e s t a r t e d feeding i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r h a t c h i n g f r o m t h e m a t e r n a l cuticle a n d h a r d l y crawled a r o u n d d u r i n g l a r v a l d e v e l o p m e n t . I n b o t h cases food was a b u n d a n t a n d t h e increase in a m o u n t of t h e food o n a c c o u n t of t h e f u n g u s g r o w t h was e v e n larger t t l a n t h e decrease c a u s e d b y t h e feeding of t h e larvae. T h e P e t r i dishes were clearly n o t overp o p u l a t e d a n d t h e l a r v a e c o n s u m e d o n l y a f r a c t i o n of t h e food s u p p l y p r o v i d e d . A n o t h e r i n d i c a t i o n t h a t i n b o t h g r o u p s t h e l a r v a e c o n s u m e d t h e s a m e (i.e. t h e m a x i m u m ) a m o u n t of food, is t h a t t h e y r e a c h e d t h e s a m e size a t t h e e n d of d e v e l o p m e n t . I n t h e P e t r i dishes of g r o u p 1, a l m o s t 100~ femalem o t h e r s developed. Occasionally, a l a r v a s t a r t e d feeding o n l y some t i m e a f t e r h a t c h i n g a n d d e v e l o p e d i n t o a m a l e f e m a l e - m o t h e r , or did n o t feed a t all. I n t h e P e t r i dishes of g r o u p 2, n e a r l y 2 o u t of 3 l a r v a e d e v e l o p e d i n t o m a l e m o t h e r s or m a l e - f e m a l e - m o t h e r s . I n 10 dishes t h e m e d i u m v a l u e w a s 63.9 ~ 3 . 6 % ; t h e m i n i m u m v a l u e in a single P e t r i dish w a s 4 9 0 a n d t h e m a x i m u m v a l u e 7 4 0 , t h e s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n of t h e i n d i v i d u a l v a l u e was 8.9%. Discussion. F o r o u r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s on d e v e l o p m e n t of Heteropeza pygmaea, a w e l l - f u n c t i o n i n g m a l e - m o t h e r s a n d m a l e - f e m a l e - m o t h e r s - p r o d u c i n g c u l t u r e m e t h o d is n e e d e d : in a t t e m p t s t o c u l t u r e ovaries of t h i s gall m i d g e in vitro, i.e. in h a e m o l y m p h t a k e n f r o m sterile, fullg r o w n l a r v a e 10-1~, we i n t e n d to c o m p a r e t h e influence o n t h e o v a r i e s of h a e m o l y m p h f r o m l a r v a e g r o w n o n a female-mother-inducing medium with that from larvae grown on a male-mother- and male-female-motheri n d u c i n g m e d i u m . To t h i s e n d we m u s t b e sure t h a t t h e s e sterile (progeny-less) d o n o r l a r v a e i n d e e d c o m p r i s e e i t h e r

tSXPERIENTIA31/9

a f e m a l e - o r a m a l e - d e t e r m i n i n g i n t e r n a l milieu. Moreover, for studies o n t h e a b e r r a n t processes a t meiosis of t h e m a l e - d e t e r m i n e d eggs, m a l e - m o t h e r s a n d m a l e J e m a l e m o t h e r s h a v e t o b e a t o u r disposal in sufficient n u m b e r s . T h e p r e s e n t article describes s u c h a r e p r o d u c i b l e m e t h o d a n d c o n t r i b u t e s to t h e c o n t r o v e r s i a l discussion on t h e role of t h e food q u a n t i t y v e r s u s q u a l i t y i n t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e r e p r o d u c t i v e d i r e c t i o n of t h e d a u g h t e r larvae. I t n o w seems clear t h a t t h e q u a l i t y of t h e food is t h e decisive factor, since o n l y t h e age of t h e f u n g u s was altered. I n t h e P e t r i dishes of g r o u p 2, t h e a m o u n t of n u t r i t i o n was, of course, larger t h a n in t h e P e t r i dishes of g r o u p 1. H o w e v e r , in b o t h cases, t h e r e was far m o r e food t h a n n e c e s s a r y for e v e r y l a r v a , especially since t h e l a r v a e c a n n a t u r a l l y i n c o r p o r a t e o n l y a l i m i t e d a m o u n t of food. Since t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y was low, t h e r e was n o crowding-effect; e v e n in t h e P e t r i dishes of g r o u p 1, t h e l a r v a e did n o t h a v e t o c r a w l a r o u n d l o o k i n g for food. T h u s , feeding l a r v a e were n o t ' d i s t u r b e d . P e r h a p s i t s h o u l d b e m e n t i o n e d t h a t a f u n g u s usually alters its m e t a b o l i s m in ageing ( p r o d u c t i o n of toxins, etc.)13. D i f f e r e n t species of fungus, of course, differ in c o m p o s i t i o n of t h e i r h y p h a e c o n t e n t s r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e food s u p p l y for t h e larvae. Since for t h e p r o d u c t i o n of female i m a g o l a r v a e (which d e v e l o p i n t o female imagos) t h e d a u g h t e r l a r v a e i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y m u s t b e g r o w n on a different, f u n g u s species ~, i t seems p r o b a b l e to us t h a t a n a l t e r a t i o n of t h e food q u a l i t y is also r e s p o n s i b l e for t h i s s w i t c h - o v e r to a n a d d i t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t a l p a t h w a y 14.

Summary. T h e decisive role of food q u a l i t y in d e t e r m i n ing t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a l fate a n d t h e sex of p r o g e n y of f e m a l e l a r v a e of t h e p a e d o g e n e t i c gall m i d g e Heteropeza pygmaea is e s t a b l i s h e d . D. F. WENT

Department o/ Zoology, Swiss Federal Institute o~ Technology Ziirich, CH-8006 Ziirich (Switzerland), 15 May 1975.

8 D. F. WENT, Rev. suisse Zool. 80, 751 (1974). 10 D. F. WENT, J. exp. Zool. 177, 301 (1971). n D. F. WENT and F. E. WORGLER, Experientia 28, 100 (1972). 12 D. F. WENT, Biol. Zbl. 92, 37 (1973). 13 D. MONARD, unver6ffentlichte Diplomarbeit ETH Zfirich (1964). 14 Research supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant No. 3.2010.73.

Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes of Mouse Epidermis MARI~ERT a n d U R S P R U N G 1 described in d e t a i l t h e o n t o g e n y of t h e a d u l t l a c t a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e (LDH) isozyme p a t t e r n s in a v a r i e t y of tissues a n d o r g a n s of t h e mouse. I n n e a r l y all cases, t h e y f o u n d 5 e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c a l l y d i s t i n c t forms, b u t in p r o p o r t i o n s t h a t were h i g h l y tissue-specific. MARKERT a n d URSPRUNG did n o t e x a m i n e t h e L D H isozyme p a t t e r n s of t h e skin. T h i s organ, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e m i t o t i c a l l y - a c t i v e epidermis, e x h i b i t s m a r k e d r e g i o n a l m o r p h o l o g i c a l v a r i a t i o n in t h e m o u s e a n d i n o t h e r m a m m a l s . PAPACONSTANTINOU ~ h a s r e l a t e d t h e L D H isozyme profiles of tissues t o t h e i r m i t o t i c a c t i v i t y . In the present study, answers have been sought to the following q u e s t i o n s : First, do t h e e p i d e r m a l L D H isoz y m e s in t h e a d u l t m o u s e v a r y b e t w e e n t h e d i f f e r e n t a n a t o m i c a l regions of t h e i n t e g u m e n t ? Second, will

i r r i t a n t s t h a t s t i m u l a t e h y p e r p l a s i a of t h e e p i d e r m i s i n f l u e n c e t h e p a t t e r n s of L D H isozymes ? Third, do genes t h a t a l t e r d e r m a l - e p i d e r m a l i n t e r a c t i o n s also influence e p i d e r m a l isozyme p a t t e r n s ? Materials and methods. To i d e n t i f y regional differences in t h e L D H isozymes of t h e epidermis, 8-week-old, m a l e a n d female mice of t h e C 5 7 B L / ( s u b l i n e s : 6 J a n d St) (a/a), C 3 H B / S t (rnibw/mibw), a n d C 5 7 H R / C h (a/a; hr/hr) 1 C. L. MARKERT and H. URSPRUNG, Devel. Biol: 5, 363 (1962). 2 J. PAPACONSTANTINOU,Science 156, 338 (1967). 3 g. B. CHASE, H. PxAUCHand V. W. SMITH, Physiol. Zool. 24, 1 (1951). 4 B. H. SANFORD,H. B. CHASE, S. B. CARROLLand C. T. ARSENAULT, Anat. Ree. 152, 17 (1965).

15.9. 1975

Specialia

Fig. 1. Electropherograms illustrating regional differences in patterns of LDH isozymes in the epidermis of C57BL mice: A) tail; B) ear pinna; C) trunk dorsuin; D) hind foot. LDH-5 predominates in all regions; the ratio of LDH-5 to LDH-] varies.

Fig. 2. Electropherograms demonstrating regional differences in patterns of LDH isozyines in the epidermis of C57HR (hairless) mice : A) hi~ld foot; 13) trunk dorsum; C) ear; D) tail. LI)H-5 predominates in all regions; the ratio of LDH-5 to LDH-1 varies (compare with Figure 1). In ear and trunk, LDH-I stains more intensely than LDH-2.

1035

strains were sacrificed b y cervical dislocation. The quiesl c e n t (telogen) hair a, 4 w a s p l u c k e d f r o m an e x t e n s i v e area of t h e t r u n k d o r s u m . I n each e x p e r i m e n t , t h e skin f r o m t h e ear pinnae, tails, e n t i r e h i n d feet (less phalanges) a n d t r u n k dorsa of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 mice was r e m o v e d a n d i n c u b a t e d for 11/2-2 h in 2 M N a B r a t 37 ~ The e p i d e r m i s was split f r o m t h e u n d e r l y i n g d e r m i s a n d rinsed in cold physiological saline, i n h a i r e d skin t h e e p i d e r m a l sheets included s u b s t a n t i a l n n m b e r s of whole a n d / o r f r a g m e n t s of hair follicles. All skin c o m p o n e n t s were r e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e rinse solution b y low speed c e n t r i f u g a t i o n , frozen i m m e d i a t e l y in a p e t r i dish chilled on d r y ice, a n d s t o r e d a t --20 ~ To induce e p i d e r m a l hyperplasia, t h e tails a n d h i n d feet of 12 female C 5 7 B L / 6 J mice were d i p p e d flarice w e e k l y in a 1:1 solution of t u r p e n t i n e a n d a c e t o n e for a t o t a l of 4 weeks. A t sacrifice, t h e tails a n d h i n d feet were r e m o v e d a n d t r e a t e d as above. E a c h frozen p r e p a r a t i o n w a s h o m o g e n i z e d in a P o t t e r E l v e h j e m all-glass h o m o g e n i z e r in chilled 30% sucrose (wet w e i g h t / v o l u m e = 0.33 g/ml). The h o m o g e n a t e was c e n t r i f u g e d a t 31,000-35,000• for 30 min a t 0~ Aliquots of t h e s u p e r n a t a n t (0.05 ml) were s u b j e c t e d t o disc p o l y a c r y l a m i d e gel electrophoresis a n d L D H a c t i v i t y visualized according to t h e m e t h o d of DIETZ a n d LUBRANO 5. Gels were r e m o v e d f r o m t h e s t a i n i n g m i x t u r e a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s w i t h an i n c u b a t i o n period usually of 2 h or less a t 37 ~ A P h o t o v o l t ' D e n s i c o r d ' Model 542 recording e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s d e n s i t o m e t e r was used to s c a n t h e s t a i n e d gels for an e s t i m a t e of relative activities of t h e L D H isozymes. Results. Five i s o z y m e s of L D H were p r e s e n t in electrop h e r o g r a m s of e x t r a c t s of t h e e p i d e r m i s f r o m t h e ear pinnae, tails, h i n d feet, a n d t r u n k d o r s a of C57BI,, C 5 7 H R , a n d C 3 H B mice. L D H - 5 and, to a lesser e x t e n t , L D H - 4 p r e d o m i n a t e d m all t y p e s of e p i d e r m i s ; generally v e r y small a m o u n t s of L D H - 3 , L D H - 2 , a n d LI)H-1 were d e t e c t e d (Figures 1 a n d 2). T h e r e was usually, b u t n o t ahvays, a progressive decline in s t a i n i n g i n t e n s i t y f r o m L D H - 5 to L D H - 1 . I n one of t h r e e cases, t h e L D H - 1 b a n d a p p e a r e d to be slightly m o r e p r o m i n e n t t h a n t h e L D H - 3 a n d L1)H-2 b a n d s in t h e t r u n k e p i d e r m i s of C57BL mice. I n C57HR mice the L D H - 2 b a n d was clearly less e v i d e n t t h a n t h e L D H - l a n d L D H - 3 b a n d s in t h e e l e c t r o p h e r o g r a m s of b a c k a n d ear epidermis (Figure 2). The hairless b a c k e p i d e r m i s was an e x c e p t i o n a l case in w h i c h L D H - 3 a c t i v i t y e x c e e d e d t h a t of L D H - 4 . The general i m p r e s s i o n for mice of t h e t h r e e s t r a i n s was t h a t t h e ratio of a c t i v i t y of L D H - 1 to L D H - 5 for t h e ear a n d b a c k e p i d e r m i s was g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t for t h e tail and h i n d foot. B o t h visual inspection a n d d e n s i t o m e t r i c scans of t h e s t a i n e d gels were fully c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h i s conclusion. R e p e a t e d d i p p i n g of t h e tails a n d h i n d feet of C57BL mice in t u r p e n t i n e - a c e t o n e to induce e p i d e r m a l h y p e r plasia r e s u l t e d in p r o m i n e n t , b u t s o m e w h a t reduced, L D H - 5 in b o t h t y p e s of e p i d e r m i s ; L D H - 4 was m a r k e d l y r e d u c e d a n d L D H - 3 , L D H - 2 , a n d L D H - 1 were c o m p l e t e l y a b s e n t (Figure 3). O v e r n i g h t i n c u b a t i o n of t h e gels in t h e s t a i n i n g m i x t u r e did n o t result in t h e i r a p p e a r a n c e , a l t h o u g h t h e L D H - 5 a n d L D H - 4 b a n d s were e n h a n c e d . Discussion. The region-specific L D H isozyme p a t t e r n s in mice are n o t c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e m e l a n i n p i g m e n t a t i o n of t h e epidermis, for t h e y are t h e s a m e in mice w i t h p i g m e n t e d (C57BL, C57HR) a n d n o n p i g m e n t e d (C3HB) i n t e g u m e n t s . The g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n s of L D H - 1 to I , D H - 5 in ear a n d t r u n k e p i d e r m i s m i g h t reflect region-

5 A. A. I)IETZ and T. LUBRANO,Analyt. Biochem. 20, 246 (1967).

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specific differences in t h e s y n t h e s i s of t h e A(M) a n d B(H) s u b u n i t s i or r a t e s of c a t a b o l i s m of t h e various isozymes ~ *. R e g i o n a l differences in e p i d e r m a l m o r p h o l o g y h a v e b e e n s h o w n to be r e g u l a t e d in a d u l t guinea-pigs a n d h a m s t e r s b y t h e local d e r m i s 9,10. Overall, it w o u l d a p p e a r t h a t t h e v a r y i n g p a t t e r n s of L D H e p i d e r m a l isozymes derive m a i n l y f r o m t h e a c t i v i t y of local p o p u l a t i o n s of k e r a t i n o c y t e s w i t h p o s s i b l y some c o n t r i b u t i o n s b y o t h e r cell t y p e s such as L a n g e r h a n s cells. I t r e m a i n s to be s h o w n w h e t h e r t h e r e l a t i v e a m o u n t s of L D H i s o z y m e s s y n t h e s i z e d d e p e n d on i n f o r m a t i o n intrinsic t o t h e epid e r m i s or are p r o g r a m m e d b y t h e u n d e r l y i n g d e r m i s t h r o u g h o u t life. I n hairless (C57HR) mice, t h e altered d e r m a l - e p i d e r m a l i n t e r a c t i o n s c u l m i n a t i n g in hair loss 1~ p r o d u c e a t m o s t a small d e p a r t u r e f r o m t h e L D H isoz y m e p a t t e r n s f o u n d in t h e h a i r e d mice. The significance of a m u l t i p l i c i t y of f o r m s of L D H in skin is u n c e r t a i n , for t h e precise roles p l a y e d b y t h e various i s o z y m e s h a v e n o t b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d n-17. PAPACONSTANTINOU ~ h a s p r o p o s e d t h a t t h e passage of mitoticallyactive cells into t h e s t a t i o n a r y (postmitotic) p h a s e is c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y a c h a n g e f r o m an i s o z y m e p a t t e r n w h e r e L D H - 5 p r e d o m i n a t e s t o one w h e r e L D H - 1 p r e d o m i n a t e s . The h i g h level of L D H - 5 in m i t o t i c a l l y - a c t i v e n o r m a l

EXPERIENTIA 31/9

m o u s e e p i d e r m i s a n d t h e a p p a r e n t loss of L D H - 1 in e p i d e r m i s t r e a t e d w i t h a h y p e r p l a s i a - p r o d u c i n g chemical a g e n t are c o n s i s t e n t w i t h PAPACONSTANTINOU'S h y p o t h e sis. Nonetheless, n e i t h e r t h e available d a t a on t h e L D H isozymes n o r on regional m i t o t i c activities in t h e epidermis of t h e m o u s e is p e r m i t a n y final conclusions r e g a r d i n g t h e i r possible relationship. This s t u d y does s u g g e s t t h a t in w h a t e v e r c a p a c i t y L D H i s o z y m e s function, all areas of t h e e p i d e r m i s do n o t h a v e precisely t h e s a m e requirements.

Summary. F i v e isozymes of L D H are d e m o n s t r a b l e in t h e e p i d e r m i s of t h e ear p i n n a e , h i n d feet, t r u n k dorsa, a n d tails of a d u l t C57BL, C57HR, a n d C 3 H B mice b y p o l y a c r y l a m i d e gel electrophoresis. L D H - 5 a c t i v i t y p r e d o m i n a t e s in e l e c t r o p h e r o g r a m s . The r a t i o of L D H - 1 to L D H - 5 is g r e a t e r in t h e e p i d e r m i s of e a r p i n n a a n d t r u n k d o r s u m t h a n in t h a t of tail a n d h i n d foot. The region-specific p a t t e r n s of e p i d e r m a l L D H isozymes are n o t c o r r e l a t e d w i t h m e l a n i n p i g m e n t a t i o n or 'hairiness' of t h e skin. W . C. QUEVEDO JR. 19, THERESA C. BIENIEKI,

T. J. HOLSTEIN2~ a n d H. J. DYER

Division of Biological and Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence (Rhode Island 02972, USA), 2 April 7975.

R. T. SCHIMKEand D. DOYLE, A. Rev. Biochem. 39, 929 (1970). M. ROSENBERG, Nature New Biol. 230, 12 (1971). s R. D. GLASSand D. DOYLE, Science 176, 180 (1972). 9 R. E. BILI.INGHAM and W. K. SILVERS, J. exp. Med. 125, 429 (1967). 10 R. E. BILLINGHA~ and W. K. SILVERS, J. invest. Dermat. 57, 227 (1971). 11 C. L. I~,][ARKERT,Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 151, 14 (1968). 13 j. EVERSE, R. L. BERGER and N. O. KAPLAN,Science 768, 1236 (1970). 13 C. L. ~V[ARKERTand H. URSPRUNG,DevelopmentalGenetics (PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1971). 14 W. E. CRISS, Cancer Res. 31, 1523 (1971). la T. WU~TCH, R. F. CHiN and E. S. VESELL,Science 167, 63 (1970). 16 T. WUNTCH, R. F. CHEN and E. S. VESELL, Science 169, 480 (1970). 17 D. A. BAEYENS, J. R. HOFFERT and P. O. FROMM, Comp. Biochem.

Fig. 3. Electropherograms of LDH isozymes in epidermis of C57BL/ 6J mice treated repeatedly with a nlixture of turpentine and acetone : A) hind foot (treated); B) tail (treated); C) hind foot (nontreated); D) tail (nontreated). LDH-5 predominates in treated and nontreated mice. Although LDH-5, LDH-4 and traces of LDH-3, LDH2 and LDH-1 are detectable in skin of nontreated mice, only LDH-5 and LDH-4 are demonstrable in treated skin.

Physiol. 47B, 1 (1974). 18 E. M. FAGERENGTVERMYR,Vircbows Arch., Abt. B Zellpath. 2, 318 (1969). 1~ Supported by PHS Research Grant No. CA-06097 from the National Cancer Institute, United States Public Health Service. s0 Department of Biology, Roger Williams College, Bristol, Rhode Island (USA).

Peroxidase Uptake Through the Tegument of the Cestode Taenia hydatigena One of t h e i m p o r t a n t a t t r i b u t e s of t h e c e s t o d e t e g u m e n t is t h e a b s o r p t i o n of food m a t e r i a l s f r o m t h e h o s t intestine, as t h e y lack a m o u t h a n d digestive t r a c t . B y a p p l y i n g a u t o r a d i o g r a p h i c t e c h n i q u e s KING a n d LUMSI~EN1 observed t h e p a s s a g e of labelled linolic acid t h r o u g h t h e t e g u m e n t of Hymenolepis diminuta, suggesting t h a t t h e t e g u m e n t is c a p a b l e of t r a n s p o r t i n g m a c r o m o l e c u l a r s u b s t a n c e s f r o m t h e h o s t intestine. Similarly, in t h e s a m e cestode species, ROTHNAN 2, e m p l o y i n g d i f f e r e n t colloidal s u b s t a n c e s , r e p o r t e d t h e a b s o r p t i o n of t h o s e colloidal s u b s t a n c e s t h r o u g h t h e t e g u m e n t b y e l e c t r o n microscope. H o w e v e r , h i t h e r t o no e x p e r i m e n t a l e v i d e n c e has been

p r o v i d e d t o s u b s t a n t i a t e t h e e n t r y of p r o t e i n molecules t h r o u g h t h e t e g u m e n t of cestodes. H e n c e a n a t t e m p t has b e e n m a d e in t h e p r e s e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n t o s t u d y t h e n a t u r e of t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y of t h e t e g u m e n t of t h e cestode Taenia hydatigena to p r o t e i n molecules b y using p l a n t peroxidase, w h i c h h a s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y u s e d r e c e n t l y as a

1 j. W. KING and R. D. LUMSDEN, J. Parasit. 55, 250 (1969). 2 A. H. ROTH~Atr Exph Parasit. 23, 51 (1967).

Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of mouse epidermis.

Five isozymes of LDH are demonstrable in the epidermis of the ear pinnae, hind feet, trunk dorsa, and tails of adult C57BL, C57HR, and C3HB mice by po...
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