Are we consistent in using 14 different units for brain natriuretic peptide instead of ng/L? Goran P. Koracevic MD, PhD PII: DOI: Reference:
S0735-6757(16)00041-3 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.031 YAJEM 55563
To appear in:
American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Received date: Accepted date:
16 January 2016 25 January 2016
Please cite this article as: Koracevic Goran P., Are we consistent in using 14 different units for brain natriuretic peptide instead of ng/L?, American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.031
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Are we consistent in using 14 different units for brain natriuretic peptide instead of
RI P
T
ng/L?
NU
SC
Fourteen various units for BNP
Goran P. Koracevic, MD, PhD
MA
Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre and Medical Faculty, University of
ED
Nis, Nis, Serbia
PT
Goran Koracevic
+38118533644
fax number:
+38118238770
CE
telephone number:
AC
email address:
[email protected]
mailing address: 9.brig. 53/50
18000 Nis,
Serbia
Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education and Science, grant No. III41018.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT To the Editor,
T
Natriuretic peptides (NPs), both B-type NP (BNP) and its precursor N-terminal Pro-BNP
RI P
(NT-proBNP) are the most established acute heart failure (AHF) diagnostic biomarkers, being very useful in the emergency setting [1]. They improve diagnostic discrimination in
SC
patients with an undifferentiated dyspnea [1]. Moreover, BNP and NT-proBNP are currently believed to be useful in: excluding AHF [2,3]; diagnosing HF in primary care
NU
[4]; providing diagnosis of HF in patients with pleural effusion [5]; adding an
MA
incremental value for prognostication in chronic stable HF [6,7]; improving mortality prediction models in acute decompensated HF (ADHF) [8]; guiding therapy to decrease
ED
the risk of HF-related hospitalization but not of the risk of the all-cause mortality/hospitalization [9]; (The available evidence for BNP-guided HF therapy is of
PT
low quality, insufficient [10] and restricted to HF patients with the reduced left
CE
ventricular ejection fraction, as concluded in a meta-analysis) [11]; predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after thoracic surgery [12] and following any surgery
AC
(cardiac or non-cardiac) [13]; predicting a new-onset AF in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [14], and major adverse cardiac events following an AMI, etc.
NT-proBNP is also valid for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHF in patients with renal dysfunction (with higher cut-off values as compared to patients without renal dysfunction) [15]. However, the prognostic utility of NT-proBNP can be overestimated in meta-analyses using study-specific optimal diagnostic thresholds, which are not equal and commonly not specified before study [16]. To summarize , NT-proBNP and BNP are very useful in contemporary (particularly emergency) medicine, as well as for scientific
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT purposes. For illustration, in PubMed, there have been a respectable number of 886
T
papers about BNP that have been published in 2015 (search on 1/17/2016).
RI P
It is important to update the knowledge about one of the most important cardiac biomarkers. This is hampered by the numerous BNP units used, which decrease the
SC
readability of the publications and make the comparisons difficult. There have been at least 14 different BNP units used: 1. mg/dl [17]; 2. µg/ml [18]; 3. µg/1000 µL [19]; 4.
NU
µg/L [20]; 5. ng/L [4,21,22]; 6. ng/ml [23]; 7. pg/L [24]; 8. pg/dl [25]; 9. pg/ml [26]; 10.
MA
fg/ml [27]; 11. nmol/L [28]; 12. pmol/L [29]; 13. pmol/ml [30] and 14. fmol/ml [31]. There is even a paper from 2015 in which no unit for BNP is written. Is the situation
ED
better with the NT-proBNP? For the NT-proBNP there is also no uniform unit, and at least six can be found in the medical literature: 1. ng/L [32]; 2. ng/mL [33]; 3. pg/dl [34];
PT
4. pg/ml [35]; 5. pmol/L [36] and 6. pmol/ml [37].
CE
To illustrate how different BNP units have been, let us compare µg/ml and ng/L, both
AC
used in recent papers [18,22]. As 1µg=1,000ng and 1ml=.001L, the numerical differences in measurement results can be as high as a million times. It is logical that ng/L should be the preferred unit for BNP, for at least 5 reasons: 1. litre (L) is a non-SI (The International System of Units) unit, accepted for use with the SI 2. L is the main unit, not a subunit; 3. results (including normal values) are in the range of whole numbers, not just decimals [4,21,22]; 4. ng/L is the second most commonly used BNP measurement unit, after pg/ml and the first two (ng/L and pg/ml) are numerically equal; and 5. measurement results of both BNP and NT-proBNP, can be expressed in the same unit (ng/L) [4] that
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT can additionally facilitate comparisons between studies using BNP with those using NT-
T
proBNP.
RI P
Together with the absolute unit ng/L, it is also prudent to include the additional relative unit for elevated BNP (and other biomarkers) - a number times the upper limit of normal
SC
(ULN), e.g., 7.5 times the ULN [38]. The correct addresses for the quest for unifying of BNP measurement units are the international societies of biochemistry and the companies
NU
producing analyzers for BNP and NT-proBNP, because clinicians and scientists tend to
MA
use the same measurement unit as the local laboratory. To conclude, no less than 14 different measurement units have been used for BNP, decreasing the readability and
ED
producing a unnecessary confusion. Efficacy matters in medical communication and
AC
CE
PT
knowledge exchange.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT References 1.
Collins SP, Storrow AB, Levy PD, Albert N, Butler J, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Early
RI P
T
management of patients with acute heart failure: state of the art and future directions--a consensus document from the SAEM/HFSA acute heart failure working group. Acad
2.
SC
Emerg Med 2015;22(1):94-112.
Roberts E, Ludman AJ, Dworzynski K, Al-Mohammad A, Cowie MR, McMurray
NU
JJ, et al.; NICE Guideline Development Group for Acute Heart Failure. The diagnostic
MA
accuracy of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis in the acute care setting. BMJ 2015;350:h910. Hill SA, Booth RA, Santaguida PL, Don-Wauchope A, Brown JA, Oremus M, et
ED
3.
al. Use of BNP and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of heart failure in the emergency
Booth RA, Hill SA, Don-Wauchope A, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R,
CE
4.
PT
department: a systematic review of the evidence. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):421-38.
AC
et al. Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of heart failure in primary care patients: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):439-51. 5.
Han ZJ, Wu XD, Cheng JJ, Zhao SD, Gao MZ, Huang HY, et al. Diagnostic
Accuracy of Natriuretic Peptides for Heart Failure in Patients with Pleural Effusion: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0134376. 6.
Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R, Ali U, Brown JA,
et al. Incremental predictive value of natriuretic peptides for prognosis in the chronic stable heart failure population: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):521-40.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 7.
Oremus M, Don-Wauchope A, McKelvie R, Santaguida PL, Hill S, Balion C, et
al. BNP and NT-proBNP as prognostic markers in persons with chronic stable heart
8.
RI P
T
failure. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):471-505. Santaguida PL, Don-Wauchope AC, Ali U, Oremus M, Brown JA, Bustamam A,
SC
et al. Incremental value of natriuretic peptide measurement in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):507-19. Xin W, Lin Z, Mi S. Does B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy improve
NU
9.
MA
outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Fail Rev 2015;20(1):69-80. Balion C, McKelvie R, Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M,
ED
10.
Keshavarz H, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy: a systematic review. Heart
Brunner-La Rocca HP, Eurlings L, Richards AM, Januzzi JL, Pfisterer ME,
CE
11.
PT
Fail Rev 2014;19(4):553-64.
AC
Dahlström U, et al. Which heart failure patients profit from natriuretic peptide guided therapy? A meta-analysis from individual patient data of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail 2015;17(12):1252-61. 12.
Simmers D, Potgieter D, Ryan L, Fahrner R, Rodseth RN. The use of preoperative
B-type natriuretic peptide as a predictor of atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015;29(2):389-95. 13.
Cai GL, Chen J, Hu CB, et al. Value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels for
predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation: a systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2014;38(1):51-9.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 14.
Asanin M, Stankovic S, Mrdovic I, Matic D, Savic L, Majkic-Singh N, et al. B-
type natriuretic peptide predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment
T
elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Schaub JA, Coca SG, Moledina DG, Gentry M, Testani JM, Parikh CR. Amino-
SC
15.
RI P
Peptides 2012;35(1):74-7.
Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients With
NU
Renal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Heart Fail
16.
MA
2015;3(12):977-89.
Potgieter D, Simmers D, Ryan L, Biccard BM, Lurati-Buse GA, Cardinale DM,
ED
et al. N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptides' Prognostic Utility Is Overestimated in
2015;123(2):264-71.
Yuksel MA, Alici Davutoglu E, et al. Maternal serum atrial natriuretic peptide
CE
17.
PT
Meta-analyses Using Study-specific Optimal Diagnostic Thresholds. Anesthesiology
(ANP) and brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. J
18.
AC
Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015. Oct 7:1-4. [Epub ahead of print] Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang XB, et al. [Protective effect of dexrazoxane on
cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients who received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2013;35(2):135-9. 19.
Sielski J. [B-type natriuretic peptide and high sensitivity troponin T as a marker
of cardiac failure in patients after permanent cardiac pacing]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2014;36(213):165-70.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 20.
Ye M, Jia P, Wang X, Mi Y. [Clinical efficacies of bilevel positive airway
pressure ventilator treatment in uremic patients with acute heart failure]. Zhonghua Yi
21.
RI P
T
Xue Za Zhi 2014;94(18):1419-21. Zhang C, Huang D, Shen D, Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun H, et al. Brain Natriuretic
SC
Peptide as the long-term cause of mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(9):16364-8. Mayer O Jr, Seidlerová J, Vaněk J, Karnosová P, Bruthans J, Filipovský J, et al.
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The abnormal status of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein species represents an additional mortality risk in heart failure patients with vascular disease. Int J Cardiol
23.
Reed MJ, Gibson L. The effect of syncope on brain natriuretic peptide. Emerg
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Med J 2011;28(12):1066-7.
Doyen D, Moceri P, Chiche O, Schouver E, Cerboni P, Chaussade C, et al.
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2016;203:916-22.
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Cardiac biomarkers in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2014;174(3):798-801. Sasaki S, Daimon M, Kawata T, Miyazaki S, Ichikawa R, Maruyama M, et al.
Factors responsible for elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in severe aortic stenosis: comparison between elderly and younger patients. J Cardiol 2014;64(6):476-81. 26.
Chou YH, Chen YF, Pan SY, Huang TM, Yang FJ, Shen WC, et al. The role of
brain natriuretic peptide in predicting renal outcome and fluid management in critically ill patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2015 Dec 12. doi: 10.1016/j. jfma.2015.10.015. [Epub ahead of print]
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 27.
Maeng BH, Choi J, Sa YS, Shin JH, Kim YH. Functional expression of
recombinant anti-BNP scFv in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and application as a
T
recognition molecule in electrochemical sensors. World J Microbiol Biotechnol
Singer AJ, Jurukovski V, Simon M, Ma JY, Protter A, Arura B, et al. The
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28.
RI P
2012;28(3):1027-34.
presence of B-type natriuretic peptide in burns and the responsiveness of fibroblasts to
Keyzer JM, Hoffmann JJ, Ringoir L, Nabbe KC, Widdershoven JW, Pop VJ.
MA
29.
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BNP: proof of principle. Acad Emerg Med 2007;14(6):503-7.
Age- and gender-specific brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) reference ranges in primary
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ED
care. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014;52(9):1341-6.
Garcia-Alvarez A, Sitges M, Delgado V, Ortiz J, Vidal B, Poyatos S, et al.
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Relation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels on admission for ST-elevation
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myocardial infarction to left ventricular end-diastolic volume six months later measured by both echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. Am J Cardiol
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AC
2009;104(7):878-82.
Lewicka E, Dudzińska-Gehrmann J, Dąbrowska-Kugacka A, Zagożdżon P,
Stepnowska E, Liżewska A, et al. Plasma biomarkers as predictors of recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2015;125(6):424-33. 32.
Oras J, Grivans C, Dalla K, Omerovic E, Rydenhag B, Ricksten SE, et al. High-
Sensitive Troponin T and N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Early Detection of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2015;23(2):233-42.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 33.
Deveer R, Engin-Üstün Y, Uysal S, Su FA, Sarıaslan S, Gülerman C, et al.
Serum brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein levels in adolescent with
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T
polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28(8):602-5. Wu L, Chen Y, Zhong S, Li Y, Dai X, Di Y. Blood N-terminal Pro-brain
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Natriuretic Peptide and Interleukin-17 for Distinguishing Incomplete Kawasaki Disease from Infectious Diseases. Indian Pediatr 2015;52(6):477-80.
Yamabe S, Dohi Y, Fujisaki S, Higashi A, Kinoshita H, Sada Y, et al.
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Prognostic Factors for Survival in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease. Circ J 2015 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Donal E, Lund LH, Oger E, Hage C, Persson H, Reynaud A, et al.; KaRen
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36.
investigators. New echocardiographic predictors of clinical outcome in patients
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presenting with heart failure and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a
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AC
8.
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subanalysis of the Ka (Karolinska) Ren (Rennes) Study Eur J Heart Fail 2015;17(7):680-
Heinonen I, Luotolahti M, Vuolteenaho O, Nikinmaa M, Saraste A, Hartiala J,
et al. Circulating N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function in response to acute systemic hypoxia in healthy humans. J Transl Med 2014;12:189. 38.
Schneider B, Athanasiadis A, Stöllberger C, Pistner W, Schwab J, Gottwald U,
et al. Gender differences in the manifestation of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2013;166(3):584-8.
S0735-6757(16)00041-3 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.031 YAJEM 55563
To appear in:
American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Received date: Accepted date:
16 January 2016 25 January 2016
Please cite this article as: Koracevic Goran P., Are we consistent in using 14 different units for brain natriuretic peptide instead of ng/L?, American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.031
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Are we consistent in using 14 different units for brain natriuretic peptide instead of
RI P
T
ng/L?
NU
SC
Fourteen various units for BNP
Goran P. Koracevic, MD, PhD
MA
Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre and Medical Faculty, University of
ED
Nis, Nis, Serbia
PT
Goran Koracevic
+38118533644
fax number:
+38118238770
CE
telephone number:
AC
email address:
[email protected]
mailing address: 9.brig. 53/50
18000 Nis,
Serbia
Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education and Science, grant No. III41018.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT To the Editor,
T
Natriuretic peptides (NPs), both B-type NP (BNP) and its precursor N-terminal Pro-BNP
RI P
(NT-proBNP) are the most established acute heart failure (AHF) diagnostic biomarkers, being very useful in the emergency setting [1]. They improve diagnostic discrimination in
SC
patients with an undifferentiated dyspnea [1]. Moreover, BNP and NT-proBNP are currently believed to be useful in: excluding AHF [2,3]; diagnosing HF in primary care
NU
[4]; providing diagnosis of HF in patients with pleural effusion [5]; adding an
MA
incremental value for prognostication in chronic stable HF [6,7]; improving mortality prediction models in acute decompensated HF (ADHF) [8]; guiding therapy to decrease
ED
the risk of HF-related hospitalization but not of the risk of the all-cause mortality/hospitalization [9]; (The available evidence for BNP-guided HF therapy is of
PT
low quality, insufficient [10] and restricted to HF patients with the reduced left
CE
ventricular ejection fraction, as concluded in a meta-analysis) [11]; predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after thoracic surgery [12] and following any surgery
AC
(cardiac or non-cardiac) [13]; predicting a new-onset AF in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [14], and major adverse cardiac events following an AMI, etc.
NT-proBNP is also valid for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHF in patients with renal dysfunction (with higher cut-off values as compared to patients without renal dysfunction) [15]. However, the prognostic utility of NT-proBNP can be overestimated in meta-analyses using study-specific optimal diagnostic thresholds, which are not equal and commonly not specified before study [16]. To summarize , NT-proBNP and BNP are very useful in contemporary (particularly emergency) medicine, as well as for scientific
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT purposes. For illustration, in PubMed, there have been a respectable number of 886
T
papers about BNP that have been published in 2015 (search on 1/17/2016).
RI P
It is important to update the knowledge about one of the most important cardiac biomarkers. This is hampered by the numerous BNP units used, which decrease the
SC
readability of the publications and make the comparisons difficult. There have been at least 14 different BNP units used: 1. mg/dl [17]; 2. µg/ml [18]; 3. µg/1000 µL [19]; 4.
NU
µg/L [20]; 5. ng/L [4,21,22]; 6. ng/ml [23]; 7. pg/L [24]; 8. pg/dl [25]; 9. pg/ml [26]; 10.
MA
fg/ml [27]; 11. nmol/L [28]; 12. pmol/L [29]; 13. pmol/ml [30] and 14. fmol/ml [31]. There is even a paper from 2015 in which no unit for BNP is written. Is the situation
ED
better with the NT-proBNP? For the NT-proBNP there is also no uniform unit, and at least six can be found in the medical literature: 1. ng/L [32]; 2. ng/mL [33]; 3. pg/dl [34];
PT
4. pg/ml [35]; 5. pmol/L [36] and 6. pmol/ml [37].
CE
To illustrate how different BNP units have been, let us compare µg/ml and ng/L, both
AC
used in recent papers [18,22]. As 1µg=1,000ng and 1ml=.001L, the numerical differences in measurement results can be as high as a million times. It is logical that ng/L should be the preferred unit for BNP, for at least 5 reasons: 1. litre (L) is a non-SI (The International System of Units) unit, accepted for use with the SI 2. L is the main unit, not a subunit; 3. results (including normal values) are in the range of whole numbers, not just decimals [4,21,22]; 4. ng/L is the second most commonly used BNP measurement unit, after pg/ml and the first two (ng/L and pg/ml) are numerically equal; and 5. measurement results of both BNP and NT-proBNP, can be expressed in the same unit (ng/L) [4] that
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT can additionally facilitate comparisons between studies using BNP with those using NT-
T
proBNP.
RI P
Together with the absolute unit ng/L, it is also prudent to include the additional relative unit for elevated BNP (and other biomarkers) - a number times the upper limit of normal
SC
(ULN), e.g., 7.5 times the ULN [38]. The correct addresses for the quest for unifying of BNP measurement units are the international societies of biochemistry and the companies
NU
producing analyzers for BNP and NT-proBNP, because clinicians and scientists tend to
MA
use the same measurement unit as the local laboratory. To conclude, no less than 14 different measurement units have been used for BNP, decreasing the readability and
ED
producing a unnecessary confusion. Efficacy matters in medical communication and
AC
CE
PT
knowledge exchange.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT References 1.
Collins SP, Storrow AB, Levy PD, Albert N, Butler J, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Early
RI P
T
management of patients with acute heart failure: state of the art and future directions--a consensus document from the SAEM/HFSA acute heart failure working group. Acad
2.
SC
Emerg Med 2015;22(1):94-112.
Roberts E, Ludman AJ, Dworzynski K, Al-Mohammad A, Cowie MR, McMurray
NU
JJ, et al.; NICE Guideline Development Group for Acute Heart Failure. The diagnostic
MA
accuracy of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis in the acute care setting. BMJ 2015;350:h910. Hill SA, Booth RA, Santaguida PL, Don-Wauchope A, Brown JA, Oremus M, et
ED
3.
al. Use of BNP and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of heart failure in the emergency
Booth RA, Hill SA, Don-Wauchope A, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R,
CE
4.
PT
department: a systematic review of the evidence. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):421-38.
AC
et al. Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of heart failure in primary care patients: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):439-51. 5.
Han ZJ, Wu XD, Cheng JJ, Zhao SD, Gao MZ, Huang HY, et al. Diagnostic
Accuracy of Natriuretic Peptides for Heart Failure in Patients with Pleural Effusion: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0134376. 6.
Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R, Ali U, Brown JA,
et al. Incremental predictive value of natriuretic peptides for prognosis in the chronic stable heart failure population: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):521-40.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 7.
Oremus M, Don-Wauchope A, McKelvie R, Santaguida PL, Hill S, Balion C, et
al. BNP and NT-proBNP as prognostic markers in persons with chronic stable heart
8.
RI P
T
failure. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):471-505. Santaguida PL, Don-Wauchope AC, Ali U, Oremus M, Brown JA, Bustamam A,
SC
et al. Incremental value of natriuretic peptide measurement in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014;19(4):507-19. Xin W, Lin Z, Mi S. Does B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy improve
NU
9.
MA
outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Fail Rev 2015;20(1):69-80. Balion C, McKelvie R, Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M,
ED
10.
Keshavarz H, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy: a systematic review. Heart
Brunner-La Rocca HP, Eurlings L, Richards AM, Januzzi JL, Pfisterer ME,
CE
11.
PT
Fail Rev 2014;19(4):553-64.
AC
Dahlström U, et al. Which heart failure patients profit from natriuretic peptide guided therapy? A meta-analysis from individual patient data of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail 2015;17(12):1252-61. 12.
Simmers D, Potgieter D, Ryan L, Fahrner R, Rodseth RN. The use of preoperative
B-type natriuretic peptide as a predictor of atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015;29(2):389-95. 13.
Cai GL, Chen J, Hu CB, et al. Value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels for
predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation: a systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2014;38(1):51-9.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 14.
Asanin M, Stankovic S, Mrdovic I, Matic D, Savic L, Majkic-Singh N, et al. B-
type natriuretic peptide predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment
T
elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Schaub JA, Coca SG, Moledina DG, Gentry M, Testani JM, Parikh CR. Amino-
SC
15.
RI P
Peptides 2012;35(1):74-7.
Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients With
NU
Renal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Heart Fail
16.
MA
2015;3(12):977-89.
Potgieter D, Simmers D, Ryan L, Biccard BM, Lurati-Buse GA, Cardinale DM,
ED
et al. N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptides' Prognostic Utility Is Overestimated in
2015;123(2):264-71.
Yuksel MA, Alici Davutoglu E, et al. Maternal serum atrial natriuretic peptide
CE
17.
PT
Meta-analyses Using Study-specific Optimal Diagnostic Thresholds. Anesthesiology
(ANP) and brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. J
18.
AC
Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015. Oct 7:1-4. [Epub ahead of print] Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang XB, et al. [Protective effect of dexrazoxane on
cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients who received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2013;35(2):135-9. 19.
Sielski J. [B-type natriuretic peptide and high sensitivity troponin T as a marker
of cardiac failure in patients after permanent cardiac pacing]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2014;36(213):165-70.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 20.
Ye M, Jia P, Wang X, Mi Y. [Clinical efficacies of bilevel positive airway
pressure ventilator treatment in uremic patients with acute heart failure]. Zhonghua Yi
21.
RI P
T
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