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Knowledge and Attitudes of Oncology Nurses Regarding Pharmacogenomic Testing C rysta l D o d so n , PhD, RN, M S N , B C -A D M

M o re th a n 20 d iffe re n t p h arm a coge no m ic tests are being used in th e o n co lo g y fie ld . The cur­ re n t d e scrip tive stu d y w as con du cte d w ith 368 o n co lo g y nurses in N o rth C arolina to id e n tify and te s t key elem e nts o f Rogers' D iffu sio n o f In n o va tio n Theory th a t play a role in th e a d o p ­ tio n o f ph arm a co g e n o m ic te stin g . O ncology nurses w h o p a rticip a te d in th is stud y had lim ite d k n o w le d g e o f geno m ics and p h a rm a co g e n o m ic te s tin g . A ttitu d e s to w a rd ph a rm a co g e n o m ic te stin g w e re po sitive overall, and the study revealed th a t oncology nurses in th is study ro u tin e ly use ph arm a co g e n o m ic te s tin g in fo rm a tio n . V ariable selection m ethods revealed th a t to ta l g e ­ © zmeel/iStockphoto

no m ic kn o w le d g e w as m ore accurately predicted by p rio r experience and pe rson ality variables,

pharm a coge no m ic k n o w le d g e w as m ore accurately predicted by pe rson ality variables, and a ttitu d e w as m ore accurately predicte d by p rio r experience and perceived need o f in n o va tio n . Based on these findings, several factors play key roles in th e d iffu s io n o f p h arm a coge no m ic te s tin g w ith in th e on cology nursing fie ld . Therefore, assessm ent o f these variables m ay b e n e fit th e w ide sprea d a d o p tio n o f p h arm a coge no m ic te stin g . Further research should be conducted w ith these variables to assess th e a d o p tio n o f th e in n o va tio n . Crystal Dodson, PhD, RN, MSN, BC-ADM, is an assistant professor of nursing at Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina. The author takes full responsibil­ ity for the content of the article. The author did not receive honoraria for this work. The content of this article has been reviewed by independent peer reviewers to ensure that it is balanced, objective, and free from commercial bias. No financial relationships relevant to the content of this article have been disclosed by the author, planners, independent peer reviewers, or editorial staff. Dodson can be reached at [email protected], w ith copy to editor at CJONEditor@ons .org. (Submitted September 2013. Revision submitted November 2013. Accepted for publication November 17,2013.) Key words: ethical issues; genetics; genomics; professional issues; research methods; statistics Digital Object Identifier: 10.1188/14.CJON.E64-E70

Growing evidence suggests that a substantial contributor he term genom ic testing covers an array of sophis­ ticated techniques, including direct examination of to the effectiveness and toxicity of cancer drug therapy is the patient’s genomic makeup. Oncology nurses must become well DNA, RNA, or protein, and has dramatically increased informed about pharmacogenomic testing to accurately admin­ since the 1990s. Genomic testing can be used to con­ ister cancer drugs and monitor a patient’s response. Nurses firm a suspected diagnosis, detect the presence of a needa to be aware that genomic and nongenomic factors contrib­ carrier state in individuals who appear unaffected, predict ute to side effects and toxicity, and they need to integrate this patient’s response to different types of therapy, and screen for genomic conditions in embryos, fetuses, and newborns. information into education for patients and families. Nurses also have an important role in making sure that patients Pharmacogenomic testing is a particular type of genomic and families are informed about the purpose and limitations of testing that is used to guide a patient’s drug therapy based on pharmacogenomic testing. To do this, nurses must be knowledge­ the individual’s genomic makeup. Pharmacogenomic testing able about this type of genomic testing and therapy. Research, like allows for the assessment of drug toxicity and effectiveness prior to the initiation of a specific drug. The U.S. Food and Drug the current study, will provide a baseline for deficits in knowledge and ethical concerns regarding pharmacogenomic testing. Administration has approved 140 drugs with pharmacogenomic information in their labels. Of those drugs, 42 are directly related to oncology. Nurses could play a critical role in the incorporation The fu ll te x t o f th is a rtic le can be acce ssed a t of pharmacogenomic testing and genotype-guided therapy into h ttp ://o n s .m e ta p re s s .c o m . routine practice, particularly for patients with cancer.

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August 2014

Volume 18, Number 4

Clinical Journal o f Oncology Nursing

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Knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses regarding pharmacogenomic testing.

More than 20 different pharmacogenomic tests are being used in the oncology field. The current descriptive study was conducted with 368 oncology nurse...
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