RESEARCH ARTICLE
Kidney dysfunction and cerebral microbleeds in neurologically healthy adults Sang Hyuck Kim1, Dong Wook Shin1, Jae Moon Yun1, Ji Eun Lee1, Jae-Sung Lim2, Be Long Cho1, Hyung-Min Kwon3☯*, Jin-Ho Park1☯* 1 Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2 Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea, 3 Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] (M-KK); [email protected] (J-HP)
Abstract Introduction
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kim SH, Shin DW, Yun JM, Lee JE, Lim JS, Cho BL, et al. (2017) Kidney dysfunction and cerebral microbleeds in neurologically healthy adults. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172210. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0172210 Editor: Tatsuo Shimosawa, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Received: November 30, 2016 Accepted: February 1, 2017 Published: February 16, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The data are owned by the Seoul National University Hospital, and institutional approval is required for data access. Anonymized data can be made available after approval upon request to Jin-Ho Park, MD, MPH, PhD at email: [email protected]. Funding: This study was supported in part by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company (Grant No. 062015-0810, www.hanmi.co.kr). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Cerebral microbleed (CMB) is a potent risk factor for overt cerebrovascular disease. Although some studies indicated the possible role of renal dysfunction as a risk factor of CMB, the findings could not be generalized. This study aimed to investigate the association between renal dysfunction and cerebral microbleed (CMB) in neurologically healthy adults.
Materials and methods A total of 2,518 subjects who underwent brain MRI as part of health screening were involved in the study. CMBs were defined as well-demarcated focal areas of low signal intensity with associated blooming on the T2-weighted MRI measuring less than 5mm in diameter. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Kidney function was classified as normal (90), mild (60 to 89.9), moderate (30 to 59.9), and severe (
Kidney dysfunction and cerebral microbleeds in neurologically healthy adults Sang Hyuck Kim1, Dong Wook Shin1, Jae Moon Yun1, Ji Eun Lee1, Jae-Sung Lim2, Be Long Cho1, Hyung-Min Kwon3☯*, Jin-Ho Park1☯* 1 Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2 Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea, 3 Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] (M-KK); [email protected] (J-HP)
Abstract Introduction
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kim SH, Shin DW, Yun JM, Lee JE, Lim JS, Cho BL, et al. (2017) Kidney dysfunction and cerebral microbleeds in neurologically healthy adults. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172210. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0172210 Editor: Tatsuo Shimosawa, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Received: November 30, 2016 Accepted: February 1, 2017 Published: February 16, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The data are owned by the Seoul National University Hospital, and institutional approval is required for data access. Anonymized data can be made available after approval upon request to Jin-Ho Park, MD, MPH, PhD at email: [email protected]. Funding: This study was supported in part by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company (Grant No. 062015-0810, www.hanmi.co.kr). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Cerebral microbleed (CMB) is a potent risk factor for overt cerebrovascular disease. Although some studies indicated the possible role of renal dysfunction as a risk factor of CMB, the findings could not be generalized. This study aimed to investigate the association between renal dysfunction and cerebral microbleed (CMB) in neurologically healthy adults.
Materials and methods A total of 2,518 subjects who underwent brain MRI as part of health screening were involved in the study. CMBs were defined as well-demarcated focal areas of low signal intensity with associated blooming on the T2-weighted MRI measuring less than 5mm in diameter. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Kidney function was classified as normal (90), mild (60 to 89.9), moderate (30 to 59.9), and severe (
