Vet. Pathol. 15: 569-570 (1978)
Kidney Carcinoma in a Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) C. KOMMINENI, D. H. GROTHAND J. B. LAL
The restrictions imposed on the exportation and importation of certain non-human primates (Rhesus monkeys) has resulted in an increased use of Cynomolgus monkeys in biomedical research. This development warrants information on spontaneous neoplasms in this species. Only one spontaneous neoplasm, pheochromocytoma of the adrenal, was seen out of 1,065 non-human primate necropsies [6]. A shipment of Cynomolgus monkeys (Primate Imports, Port Washington, N .Y .) received in March 1971 by our laboratories consisted of twelve males. O n e male, the subject of this report, weighed 3,900 grams, was in good health and gave a negative response to intradermal tuberculin. He was used to study the health effects of inhalation of coal dust. He was fed Purina Monkey Chow@ supplemented with bananas and oranges and housed alone in a cage in a room at a temperature of 70 5” F and 55% relative humidity. The monkey was killed (body weight 8,450 grams) and autopsied at the end of the experiment (Jan. 5, 1976). He did not have any signs of ill health during his tenure in our laboratories. A t autopsy one kidney was found to be polycystic and black spots were seen in the lungs. Histologic evaluation of the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, urinary bladder, testis, adrenal glands and tracheobronchial lymph nodes gave the following: In the lungs there was hyperplasia of cuboidal type I1 epithelial cells in some alveoli; focal acute severe arteritis of a branch of pulmonary artery and multifocal accumulations of macrophages with black pigment around pulmonary arteries, veins and secondary bronchioles. These confluent pigment laden macrophages formed macules in the interstitium that were similar to those seen in rats exposed to coal dust [3]. These macules in this monkey were the result of exposure to bituminous coal dust. Some particles in these macrophages were slightly birefringent. Both the cortex and the medulla of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes had accumulations of macrophages with black particles (coal dust). Birefringence as before was present. In the liver there was moderate fatty change and bile stasis in the hepatocytes. Many of the transitional epithelial cells of the kidney and the urinary bladder had intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. These inclusions have been seen in all 34 of the Cynomolgus monkeys examined to date. Morphologically, these inclusions are similar to those seen in Macaca mulatta [ l ] . The neoplasm seen in the kidney of this monkey was multinodular, and was expansive and invasive. In some areas well-developed fibrous capsules surrounded the neoplastic nodules but the capsule was breached in places by the neoplastic tissue (fig. 1). The neoplasm had clear or granular epithelial cells (cuboidal or columnar - eosinophilic granular cytoplasm) with a panoply of patterns - trabecular, tubular, papillary and cystic. Papillary and cystic areas predominated. The trabecular and tubular areas formed minor parts of the neoplasm. The papillary projections had either simple or frond-like proliferations supported by loose fibrovascular stroma and lined by granular columnar cells. The expansile growth of these villous proliferations resulted in marked dilation, sometimes to cystic proportions of some tubules. The lumina of some cysts were empty; some contained degenerated o r “healthy” looking neoplastic cells. The margins
*
569
Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com at HOWARD UNIV UNDERGRAD LIBRARY on March 8, 2015
570
Brief Communication
Fig. 1: Invasion of fibrous capsule by tumor. HE.
of the cysts were lined by cuboidal to flat epithelial cells. N o vascular invasion by or metastasis to other organs of the neoplastic cells were evident. Areas of necrosis and mineralization of the neoplastic growth were seen. The trabecular areas consisted of pleomorphic cuboidal to columnar clear and granular epithelium with prominent basophilic nuclei and nucleoli. There were three to five epithelial cords in each trabecula. Lack of proper orientation and clumping of these pleomorphic cells in some areas were evident. The tubular part of the neoplasm had irregular tubules arranged back to back, separated only by blood vessels with thin delicate walls. The tubules were lined mostly by granular cuboidal cells. The other tissues did not have any morphologic alterations. Very few reports of primary renal carcinomas in other primates have been published [2, 4-61, This is the first report of a “spontaneous” papillary cyst adenocarcinoma of the kidney in this species of monkeys. We do not consider the reported lesion a result of the chronic inhalation exposure to bituminous coal dust.
References 1 BUREK,J.D.; VANZWIETEN, M.J.; STOOKEY, J.L.: Cytoplasmic inclusions in urinary bladder epithelium of the rhesus monkey. Vet Pathol9:212-220, 1972 2 CHAPMAN, W.L., JR.; ALLEN,J.R.: Multiple neoplasia in a rhesus monkey Macaca rnulatta. Path Vet (Basel) 5342-352, 1968 3 GROSS,P.; BRAUN, D.C.; DETREVILLE, R.T.P.: The pulmonary response to coal dust. Ann NY Acad Sci 200:155-165,1972 4 LUND,J.E.; BURKHOLDER, C.; SOAVE,O.A.: Renal carcinoma in an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Path Vet 7:270-274, 1970 5 O’GARA,R.W.; ADAMSON, R.H.: Spontaneous and induced neoplasms in nonhuman primates in Pathology of Simian Primates, ed. Fiennes, pp. 190-238; 1st ed., Karger, Basel, 1972 6 SEIBOLD, H.R.; WOLF,R.H.: Neoplasms and proliferative lesions in 1065 nonhuman primate necropsies. Lab Anim Sci 23533-539, 1973
Request reprints from Dr. C. Kommineni, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 (USA).
Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com at HOWARD UNIV UNDERGRAD LIBRARY on March 8, 2015
Kidney Carcinoma in a Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) C. KOMMINENI, D. H. GROTHAND J. B. LAL
The restrictions imposed on the exportation and importation of certain non-human primates (Rhesus monkeys) has resulted in an increased use of Cynomolgus monkeys in biomedical research. This development warrants information on spontaneous neoplasms in this species. Only one spontaneous neoplasm, pheochromocytoma of the adrenal, was seen out of 1,065 non-human primate necropsies [6]. A shipment of Cynomolgus monkeys (Primate Imports, Port Washington, N .Y .) received in March 1971 by our laboratories consisted of twelve males. O n e male, the subject of this report, weighed 3,900 grams, was in good health and gave a negative response to intradermal tuberculin. He was used to study the health effects of inhalation of coal dust. He was fed Purina Monkey Chow@ supplemented with bananas and oranges and housed alone in a cage in a room at a temperature of 70 5” F and 55% relative humidity. The monkey was killed (body weight 8,450 grams) and autopsied at the end of the experiment (Jan. 5, 1976). He did not have any signs of ill health during his tenure in our laboratories. A t autopsy one kidney was found to be polycystic and black spots were seen in the lungs. Histologic evaluation of the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, urinary bladder, testis, adrenal glands and tracheobronchial lymph nodes gave the following: In the lungs there was hyperplasia of cuboidal type I1 epithelial cells in some alveoli; focal acute severe arteritis of a branch of pulmonary artery and multifocal accumulations of macrophages with black pigment around pulmonary arteries, veins and secondary bronchioles. These confluent pigment laden macrophages formed macules in the interstitium that were similar to those seen in rats exposed to coal dust [3]. These macules in this monkey were the result of exposure to bituminous coal dust. Some particles in these macrophages were slightly birefringent. Both the cortex and the medulla of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes had accumulations of macrophages with black particles (coal dust). Birefringence as before was present. In the liver there was moderate fatty change and bile stasis in the hepatocytes. Many of the transitional epithelial cells of the kidney and the urinary bladder had intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. These inclusions have been seen in all 34 of the Cynomolgus monkeys examined to date. Morphologically, these inclusions are similar to those seen in Macaca mulatta [ l ] . The neoplasm seen in the kidney of this monkey was multinodular, and was expansive and invasive. In some areas well-developed fibrous capsules surrounded the neoplastic nodules but the capsule was breached in places by the neoplastic tissue (fig. 1). The neoplasm had clear or granular epithelial cells (cuboidal or columnar - eosinophilic granular cytoplasm) with a panoply of patterns - trabecular, tubular, papillary and cystic. Papillary and cystic areas predominated. The trabecular and tubular areas formed minor parts of the neoplasm. The papillary projections had either simple or frond-like proliferations supported by loose fibrovascular stroma and lined by granular columnar cells. The expansile growth of these villous proliferations resulted in marked dilation, sometimes to cystic proportions of some tubules. The lumina of some cysts were empty; some contained degenerated o r “healthy” looking neoplastic cells. The margins
*
569
Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com at HOWARD UNIV UNDERGRAD LIBRARY on March 8, 2015
570
Brief Communication
Fig. 1: Invasion of fibrous capsule by tumor. HE.
of the cysts were lined by cuboidal to flat epithelial cells. N o vascular invasion by or metastasis to other organs of the neoplastic cells were evident. Areas of necrosis and mineralization of the neoplastic growth were seen. The trabecular areas consisted of pleomorphic cuboidal to columnar clear and granular epithelium with prominent basophilic nuclei and nucleoli. There were three to five epithelial cords in each trabecula. Lack of proper orientation and clumping of these pleomorphic cells in some areas were evident. The tubular part of the neoplasm had irregular tubules arranged back to back, separated only by blood vessels with thin delicate walls. The tubules were lined mostly by granular cuboidal cells. The other tissues did not have any morphologic alterations. Very few reports of primary renal carcinomas in other primates have been published [2, 4-61, This is the first report of a “spontaneous” papillary cyst adenocarcinoma of the kidney in this species of monkeys. We do not consider the reported lesion a result of the chronic inhalation exposure to bituminous coal dust.
References 1 BUREK,J.D.; VANZWIETEN, M.J.; STOOKEY, J.L.: Cytoplasmic inclusions in urinary bladder epithelium of the rhesus monkey. Vet Pathol9:212-220, 1972 2 CHAPMAN, W.L., JR.; ALLEN,J.R.: Multiple neoplasia in a rhesus monkey Macaca rnulatta. Path Vet (Basel) 5342-352, 1968 3 GROSS,P.; BRAUN, D.C.; DETREVILLE, R.T.P.: The pulmonary response to coal dust. Ann NY Acad Sci 200:155-165,1972 4 LUND,J.E.; BURKHOLDER, C.; SOAVE,O.A.: Renal carcinoma in an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Path Vet 7:270-274, 1970 5 O’GARA,R.W.; ADAMSON, R.H.: Spontaneous and induced neoplasms in nonhuman primates in Pathology of Simian Primates, ed. Fiennes, pp. 190-238; 1st ed., Karger, Basel, 1972 6 SEIBOLD, H.R.; WOLF,R.H.: Neoplasms and proliferative lesions in 1065 nonhuman primate necropsies. Lab Anim Sci 23533-539, 1973
Request reprints from Dr. C. Kommineni, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 (USA).
Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com at HOWARD UNIV UNDERGRAD LIBRARY on March 8, 2015
