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Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, May/June 2014 Melissa D. Avery
Correspondence Melissa D. Avery, Ph.D, CNM, FACNM, FAAN, University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 5–140 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. [email protected] Melissa D. Avery, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN is a professor and Chair of the Child and Family Health Co-operative, University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN.
Updated Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently published updates to two recommendations of interest to readers of this journal: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women (USPSTF, 2013) and Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (USPSTF, 2014). These updates include a summary of the research utilized in updating the previous recommendations. The task force asked for public comment as part of their process in developing the recommendations. The USPSTF recommends that primary care providers should screen women with a family history of breast, ovarian, tubal and peritoneal cancer with a tool designed to screen for mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Specific tools reviewed by the task force are linked to the recommendation statement. Women with positive results should receive genetic counseling and BRCA testing as indicated following counseling. This is a B recommendation with a high certainty of moderate net benefit or moderate certainty of moderate to substantial net benefit (USPSTF, 2012). Further, the USPSTF recommended against routine genetic counseling and BRCA testing for women without a family history consistent with harmful BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This is a D recommendation, or moderate to high certainty that this service has no benefit or harms outweigh benefits (USPSTF, 2012). This update affirms the previous USPSTF recommendation with the added recommendation to use risk screening tools.
The author report no conflict of interest or relevant financial relationships. Note Published on line only.
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This recommendation applies only to asymptomatic women without a BRCA-related cancer diagnosis. Screening should be considered once women at risk reach the age of consent (age 18), and all women should be assessed periodically for change in family history. Further research, such as comparative effectiveness trials of risk screening approaches and strategies to increase counsel-
ing and testing, as well as studies to determine effective methods of genetic counseling in multiple types of settings, and to determine consequences of testing in clinical settings among diverse populations, were recommended. Regarding the update to the recommendation on screening for GDM, the USPSTF recommended screening in asymptomatic women after 24 weeks’ gestation (B recommendation). In addition, the task force determined that the available research evidence was insufficient to assess benefits and harms of screening asymptomatic women prior to 24 weeks’ gestation. (I statement for insufficient evidence, due lack of studies, poor quality, or conflicting evidence [USPSTF, 2012]). This is a change from the previous recommendation in which the task force found insufficient evidence to recommend screening pregnant women before or after 24 weeks’ gestation. The recommendation applies to pregnant women who do not have a preexisting diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The task force suggested consideration of benefits and harms of screening and use of clinical judgment in making decisions about screening individual women with risk factors for type 2 diabetes prior to 24 weeks’ gestation given the insufficient evidence. Additional research was recommended to determine the best threshold for screening and treatment goals, alternative screening methods, and effect of treatment of GDM on longer-term infant and maternal metabolic outcomes. In addition, research is needed to determine if diagnosis and treatment of GDM prior to 24 weeks’ gestation improves shortand long-term maternal and infant outcomes.
REFERENCES U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2012). Grade definitions. Retrieved from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/ uspstf/grades.htm#drec U.S.
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uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/brcatest/ brcatestfinalrs.htm U.S.
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From Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Issues 12, 2013 and 1, 2014 New Systematic Reviews in CDSR: Women’s Health
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Combination versus sequential single agent chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer
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From Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) Recent Abstract Entries Assessing Quality of Systematic Reviews: Pregnancy and Birth
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Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy Subcutaneous closure versus no subcutaneous closure after non-caesarean surgical procedures
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High-flow nasal cannula therapy for infants with bronchiolitis Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates
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Combination contraceptives: Effects on weight Ovulation triggers in anovulatory women undergoing ovulation induction
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Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes Wound drainage for caesarean section Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes Maintenance agonist treatments for opiatedependent pregnant women Fetal manipulation for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation for facilitation of tests of fetal wellbeing
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Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor in labour Interventions for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome Progestational agents for treating threatened or established preterm labour
Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of asthma and wheeze: Systematic review and metaanalysis
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Featured Review: Sun, X., Zhang, D., & Zhang, W. (2013). Effect of metformin on ovulation and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(2), 423–430. The purpose of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to examine the effect of metformin on ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of women with PCOS treated with metformin, clomiphene citrate, or both. The authors searched for articles in English in which ovulation, pregnancy rates, and rates of live birth were compared among study participants. Of the 72 identified RCTs, 54 did not meet inclusion criteria. As a result, 18 RCTs were included in the review. Treatment regimens included metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus clomiphene citrate, metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus metformin, and metformin versus clomiphene citrate. When the authors compared metformin plus clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate, the results of the meta-analysis indicated the following: the ovulation rate was higher with metformin plus clomiphene citrate (10 trials; odds ratio [OR] 1.27;
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95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.56); there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates between the two treatment groups (11 trials; OR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.99–1.42); and there was no significant difference between groups for live birth rate (three trials; OR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84–1.17). When the authors compared metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus metformin, the results of the metaanalysis indicated the following: the ovulation rate was higher with metformin plus clomiphene citrate than with metformin (two trials; OR 2.10; 95% CI, 1.89–2.34); the pregnancy rate was greater with metformin plus clomiphene citrate than with metformin (four trials; OR 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55–2.80); and there was no significant difference between groups for live birth rate (three trials; OR 1.50; 95% CI, 0.75–3.00). In trials in which the authors compared metformin and clomiphene citrate, the ovulation rate was higher with clomiphene citrate than with metformin (three trials; OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0 .43–0.995), and there was no difference between treatment groups for pregnancy rate (five trials; OR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71–1.13). Comment: The authors concluded that metformin plus clomiphene may be more advantageous than either medication alone for women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility for ovulation and pregnancy. Well-designed multicenter RCTs are needed to confirm this conclusion. Featured review: Einarson, T. R., Piwko, C., & Koren, G. (2013). Prevalence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the USA: A meta analysis. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 20(2), e163-e170. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition of pregnancy, and it most commonly occurs during the first trimester. This condition can be difficult for women, especially the severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Since rates of these two related conditions in the United States have not been clarified via a systematic review, the purpose of this review was to calculate point estimates and 95% CIs for NVP and HG in the United States. Peer reviewed studies of women in the United States that included rates of NVP and HG published in the data bases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Libraries from any start date through November 1, 2012 were included. Forty-eight articles were identified, and after duplicates and those that did not otherwise meet inclusion cri-
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teria were removed, 33 were included for review. These articles represented 23 studies of 67,602 women that included information on rates of NVP in early pregnancy and 12 studies that included information on HG. The authors found no correlation between rates of NVP or HG and date of publication. Meta-analysis of the 23 studies of 67,602 women indicated a rate of NVP of 68.6% (95% CI, 64.4%72.8%). The meta-analytic average from three studies (5034 women) that reported nausea only was 28.6%, and this average was 24% from two studies (136 women) that reported NVP in late pregnancy. Twelve studies representing more than two million women had a meta-analytic average rate for HG of 1.2%. Comment: The authors concluded that the rates of NVP and HG were similar to the rates described globally. They urged clinicians to pay attention to the 24% rate of NVP in late pregnancy given the common association with NVP as a first trimester condition. However, the sample reporting this statistic was small. The authors recommend further research to examine the overall resource and cost burden of NVP and the effect of current treatments.
Evidence-Based Reviews from Other Sources Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Women’s Health Anothaisintawee, T., Wiratkapun, C., Lerdsitthichai, P., Kasamesup, V., Wongwaisayawan, S., Srinakarin, J., . . . Thakkinstian, A. (2013). Risk factors of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(5), 368–387. Augustin, G., Majerovic, M., & Luetic, T. (2013). Uterine perforation as a complication of surgical abortion causing small bowel obstruction: A review. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(2), 311–323. Bo, K., & Herbert, R. D. (2013). There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 59(3), 159–168. Bouganim, N., Tsvetkova, E., Clemons, M., & Amir, E. (2013). Evolution of sites of recurrence after early breast cancer over the last 20 years: Implications for patient care and future research.
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Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 139(2), 603–606. Carreira, H., Coutinho, F., Carrilho, C., & Lunet, N. (2013). HIV and HPV infections and ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 109(7), 1981–1988. Charehbili, A., Fontein, D. B., Kroep, J. R., Liefers, G. J., Mieog, J. S., Nortier, J. W., & van de Velde, C. J. (2014). Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for endocrine sensitive breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 40(1), 86–92. Dai, G., Guo, Z., Yang, X., Yu, B., & Li, L. (2013). Association of 8q24 rs13281615A > G polymorphism with breast cancer risk: Evidence from 40,762 cases and 50,380 controls. Molecular Biology Reports, 40(6), 4065–4073. Dallal, C. M., Stone, R. A., Cauley, J. A., Ness, R. B., Vogel, V. G., Fentiman, I. S., . . . Taioli, E. (2013). Urinary estrogen metabolites and breast cancer: A combined analysis of individual level data. International Journal of Biological Markers, 28(1), 3–16. Das, R., Buckley, J., & Williams, M. (2013). Dimensions of sensation assessed in urinary urgency: A systematic review. Journal of Urology, 190(4), 1165–1172. Endara, M., Chen, D., Verma, K., Nahabedian, M. Y., & Spear, S. L. (2013). Breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy: A systematic review of the literature with pooled analysis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 132(5), 1043–1054. Gao, M., Ma, W., Chen, X. B., Chang, Z. W., Zhang, X. D., & Zhang, M. Z. (2013). Meta-analysis of green tea drinking and the prevalence of gynecological tumors in women. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(4 Suppl), 43S-48S. Gerli, S., Bini, V., Favilli, A., & Di Renzo, G. C. (2013). Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HP-human FSH (fostimon) versus rFSH (gonal-F) in IVF-ICSI cycles: A meta-analysis. Gynecological Endocrinology, 29(6), 520–529. Hill, M. J., Whitcomb, B. W., Lewis, T. D., Wu, M., Terry, N., DeCherney, A. H., . . . Propst, A. M. (2013). Progesterone luteal support after ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility & Sterility, 100(5), 1373–1380. Hong, S., Li, J., & Wang, S. (2013). 18FDG PETCT for diagnosis of distant metastases in breast cancer patients. A meta-analysis. Surgical Oncology, 22(2), 139–143. Iavazzo, C., Sardi, T. A., & Gkegkes, I. D. (2013). Female genital mutilation and infections: A sys-
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tematic review of the clinical evidence. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 287(6), 1137– 1149. John-Baptiste, A. A., Wu, W., Rochon, P., Anderson, G. M., & Bell, C. M. (2013). A systematic review and methodological evaluation of published cost-effectiveness analyses of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early stage breast cancer. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e62614. Lam, T. C., Hsieh, F., & Boyages, J. (2013). The effects of postmastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy on immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction: A systematic review. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 132(3), 511–518. Liu, Y. T., Shi, J. P., Fu, L. Y., Zhou, B., Wang, H. L., & Wu, X. M. (2013). Gene polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and cervical carcinoma susceptibility in Asians: A meta-analysis based on 1,759 cases and 2,497 controls. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(1), 189–193. Pareja, R., Rendon, G. J., Sanz-Lomana, C. M., Monzon, O., & Ramirez, P. T. (2013). Surgical, oncological, and obstetrical outcomes after abdominal radical trachelectomy – A systematic literature review. Gynecologic Oncology, 131(1), 77–82. Qin, J., Yang, T., Kong, F., & Zhou, Q. (2013). Oral contraceptive use and uterine leiomyoma risk: A meta-analysis based on cohort and casecontrol studies. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(1), 139–148. Rodriguez, M. I., Curtis, K. M., Gaffield, M. L., Jackson, E., & Kapp, N. (2013). Advance supply of emergency contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 590–601. Rodriguez, M. I., Godfrey, E. M., Warden, M., & Curtis, K. M. (2013). Prevention and management of nausea and vomiting with emergency contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 583–589. Rong, J., Wang, S., Ding, Q., Yun, M., Zheng, Z., & Ye, S. (2013). Comparison of 18 FDG PETCT and bone scintigraphy for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer patients. A metaanalysis. Surgical Oncology, 22(2), 86–91. Salcedo, J., Rodriguez, M. I., Curtis, K. M., & Kapp, N. (2013). When can a woman resume or initiate contraception after taking emergency contraceptive pills? A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 602–604. Schoueri-Mychasiw, N., Campbell, S., & Mai, V. (2013). Increasing screening mammography among immigrant and minority women in Canada: A review of past interventions. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 15(1), 149–158.
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Schuler, S., Ponnath, M., Engel, J., & Ortmann, O. (2013). Ovarian epithelial tumors and reproductive factors: A systematic review. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 287(6), 1187–1204. Song, J., Su, H., Zhou, Y. Y., & Guo, L. L. (2013). Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in breast cancer patients: A metaanalysis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 1615–1621. Tepper, N. K., Steenland, M. W., Marchbanks, P. A., & Curtis, K. M. (2013). Laboratory screening prior to initiating contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 645–649. Valachis, A., Polyzos, N. P., Coleman, R. E., Gnant, M., Eidtmann, H., Brufsky, A. M., . . . Mauri, D. (2013). Adjuvant therapy with zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologist, 18(4), 353–361. Visvanathan, K., Hurley, P., Bantug, E., Brown, P., Col, N. F., Cuzick, J., . . . Lippman, S. M. (2013). Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(23), 2942–2962. Wang, H., Liu, L., Lang, Z., Guo, S., Gong, H., Guan, H., . . . Liu, B. (2013). Polymorphisms of ERBB2 and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of 26 studies involving 35,088 subjects. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 108(6), 337–341. Wang, Z., Wang, T., & Bian, J. (2013). Association between MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and risk of breast cancer. Gene, 532(1), 94–99. Wills, A., & Obermair, A. (2013). A review of complications associated with the surgical treatment of vulvar cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 131(2), 467–479. Wolff, A. C., Hammond, M. E., Hicks, D. G., Dowsett, M., McShane, L. M., Allison, K. H., . . . Hayes, D. F. (2013). Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(31), 3997–4013. Wu, W., Kang, S., & Zhang, D. (2013). Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 109(7), 1926–1944. Xu, X. L., Chen, S. Z., Chen, W., Zheng, W. H., Xia, X. H., Yang, H. J., . . . Mao, W. M. (2013). The impact of cyclin D1 overexpression on the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancers: A metaanalysis. Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 139(2), 329–339.
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Yang, Y., Xie, Y., & Xian, L. (2013). Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) predict clinical outcome in platinum- and toxal-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: A system review and metaanalysis. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 32, 15. Ye, Q., Yuan, H. X., & Chen, H. L. (2013). Responsiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery predicts favorable prognosis for cervical cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cancer Research & Clinical Oncology, 139(11), 1887–1898. Zare, N., Ghanbari, S., & Salehi, A. (2013). Effects of two chemotherapy regimens, anthracyclinebased and CMF, on breast cancer disease free survival in the eastern Mediterranean region and Asia: A meta-analysis approach for survival curves. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 2013–2017. Zhang, L., Chow, E. P., Jing, J., Zhuang, X., Li, X., He, M., . . . Wilson, D. P. (2013). HIV prevalence in China: Integration of surveillance data and a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(11), 955–963. Zotti, M. E., Williams, A. M., Robertson, M., Horney, J., & Hsia, J. (2013). Post-disaster reproductive health outcomes. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 17(5), 783–796.
Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Pregnancy and Birth Bello, N., Rendon, I. S., & Arany, Z. (2013). The relationship between pre-eclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(18), 1715–1723. Boutin, A., Demers, S., Roberge, S., Roy-Morency, A., Chandad, F., & Bujold, E. (2013). Treatment of periodontal disease and prevention of preterm birth: Systematic review and metaanalysis. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(7), 537–544. Chapman, T., Pincombe, J., & Harris, M. (2013). Antenatal breast expression: A critical review of the literature. Midwifery, 29(3), 203– 210. Conde-Agudelo, A., & Romero, R. (2013). Transdermal nitroglycerin for the treatment of preterm labor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 209(6), 551.e1–551.e18. Crider, K. S., Cordero, A. M., Qi, Y. P., Mulinare, J., Dowling, N. F., & Berry, R. J. (2013). Prenatal folic acid and risk of asthma in children: A
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systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(5), 1272–1281. Desilets, V., Audibert, F., & Society of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2013). Investigation and management of non-immune fetal hydrops. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada, 35(10), 923–938. Donovan, L., Hartling, L., Muise, M., Guthrie, A., Vandermeer, B., & Dryden, D. M. (2013). Screening tests for gestational diabetes: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(2), 115–122. Einarson, T. R., Piwko, C., & Koren, G. (2013). Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 20(2), e171-e183. Gallos, I. D., Sivakumar, K., Kilby, M. D., Coomarasamy, A., Thangaratinam, S., & Vatish, M. (2013). Pre-eclampsia is associated with, and preceded by, hypertriglyceridaemia: A meta-analysis. BJOG, 120(11), 1321–1332. Gomez, G. B., Kamb, M. L., Newman, L. M., Mark, J., Broutet, N., & Hawkes, S. J. (2013). Untreated maternal syphilis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(3), 217–226. Gourlay, A., Birdthistle, I., Mburu, G., Iorpenda, K., & Wringe, A. (2013). Barriers and facilitating factors to the uptake of antiretroviral drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(1), 18588. Hamlyn, J., Duhig, M., McGrath, J., & Scott, J. (2013). Modifiable risk factors for schizophrenia and autism- Shared risk factors impacting on brain development. Neurobiology of Disease, 53, 3–9. Hartling, L., Dryden, D. M., Guthrie, A., Muise, M., Vandermeer, B., & Donovan, L. (2013). Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(2), 123–129. Koren, G. (2013). Systematic review of the effects of maternal hypertension in pregnancy and antihypertensive therapies on child neurocognitive development. Reproductive Toxicology, 39, 1–5. Lautatzis, M. E., Goulis, D. G., & Vrontakis, M. (2013). Efficacy and safety of metformin dur-
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ing pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental, 62(11), 1522–1534. Li, L., Zhang, Y., Tan, Y., & Xu, S. (2013). Colloid or crystalloid solution on maternal and neonatal hemodynamics for cesarean section: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Research, 39(5), 932–941. Liu, X. R., Luo, X., Xiao, X. Q., & Qi, H. B. (2013). Cervical cerclage for preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Medical Journal, 34(6), 632–638. Marchioni, R. M., & Lichtenstein, G. R. (2013). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor therapy and fetal risk: A systematic literature review. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19(17), 2591– 2602. Merckx, M., Liesbeth, W. V., Arbyn, M., Meys, J., Weyers, S., Temmerman, M., & Vanden Broeck, D. (2013). Transmission of carcinogenic human papillomavirus types from mother to child: A meta-analysis of published studies. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(3), 277–285. Munro, K., Jarvis, C., Munoz, M., D’Souza, V., & Graves, L. (2013). Undocumented pregnant women: What does the literature tell us? Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 15(2), 281–291. Oliver-Williams, C. T., Heydon, E. E., Smith, G. C., & Wood, A. M. (2013). Miscarriage and future maternal cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart, 99(22), 1636– 1644. Prutsky, G. J., Domecq, J. P., Sundaresh, V., Elraiyah, T., Nabhan, M., Prokop, L. J., . . . Murad, M. H. (2013). Screening for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(11), 4311–4318. Prutsky, G. J., Domecq, J. P., Wang, Z., Carranza Leon, B. G., Elraiyah, T., Nabhan, M., . . . Murad, M. H. (2013). Glucose targets in pregnant women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(11), 4319–4324. Schleusner, E. (2013). The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of premature labor. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 110(13), 227–235. Suthar, A. B., Hoos, D., Beqiri, A., Lorenz-Dehne, K., McClure, C., & Duncombe, C. (2013). Integrating antiretroviral therapy into antenatal care and maternal and child health settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(1), 46–56.
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Tepper, N. K., Marchbanks, P. A., & Curtis, K. M. (2013). Use of a checklist to rule out pregnancy: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 661– 665. Velez Edwards, D. R., Likis, F. E., Andrews, J. C., Woodworth, A. L., Jerome, R. N., Fonnesbeck, C. J., . . . Hartmann, K. E. (2013). Progestogens for preterm birth prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis by drug route. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 287(6), 1059–1066. Wei, S. Q., Qi, H. P., Luo, Z. C., & Fraser, W. D. (2013). Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of MaternalFetal & Neonatal Medicine, 26(9), 889–899.
Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Neonatal Ali, Z., Schmidt, P., Dodd, J., & Jeppesen, D. L. (2013). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(2), 325–333. Alves, E., Rodrigues, C., Fraga, S., Barros, H., & Silva, S. (2013). Parents’ views on factors that help or hinder breast milk supply in neonatal care units: Systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 98(6), F511-F517. Bialocerkowski, A., O’shea, K., & Pin, T. W. (2013). Psychometric properties of outcome measures for children and adolescents with brachial plexus birth palsy: A systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55(12), 1075–1088. Carbonell-Estrany, X., Fullarton, J. R., Gooch, K. L., Vo, P. G., Figueras-Aloy, J., Lanari, M., . . . Liese, J. G. (2013). Effects of parental and household smoking on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisation in latepreterm infants and the potential impact of RSV prophylaxis. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 26(9), 926–931. Das, J. K., Kumar, R., Salam, R. A., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2013). Systematic review of zinc fortification trials. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 62(Suppl 1), 44–56. Delgado, C., & Matijasevich, A. (2013). Breastfeeding up to two years of age or beyond and its influence on child growth and development: A systematic review. Cadernos De Saude Publica, 29(2), 243–256. Eindhoven, J. A., van den Bosch, A. E., Boersma, E., & Roos-Hesselink, J. W. (2013). The usefulness of brain natriuretic peptide in simple
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congenital heart disease – A systematic review. Cardiology in the Young, 23(3), 315–324. Fenton, T. R., & Kim, J. H. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics, 13, 59. Fischer, H. S., & Buhrer, C. (2013). Avoiding endotracheal ventilation to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132(5), e1351-e1360. Folgori, L., Bielicki, J., & Sharland, M. (2013). A systematic review of strategies for reporting of neonatal hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 98(6), F518-F523. Gan, H., Cannesson, M., Chandler, J. R., & Ansermino, J. M. (2013). Predicting fluid responsiveness in children: A systematic review. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 117(6), 1380–1392. Helder, O., van den Hoogen, A., de Boer, C., van Goudoever, J., Verboon-Maciolek, M., & Kornelisse, R. (2013). Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention of bloodstream infections in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(6), 819–831. Kim, D., & Saada, A. (2013). The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in western developed nations: A cross-country systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 10(6), 2296–2335. Kottner, J., Hauss, A., Schluer, A. B., & Dassen, T. (2013). Validation and clinical impact of paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scales: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(6), 807–818. Maconachie, G. D., Gottlob, I., & McLean, R. J. (2013). Risk factors and genetics in common comitant strabismus: A systematic review of the literature. JAMA Ophthalmology, 131(9), 1179– 1186. Money, D., Allen, V. M., & Society of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2013). The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada, 35(10), 939– 951. Moyer, V. A., U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2013). Primary care interventions to prevent child maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(4), 289–295. Nagar, G., Vandermeer, B., Campbell, S., & Kumar, M. (2013). Reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin
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devices in preterm infants: A systematic review. Pediatrics, 132(5), 871–881. Ng, D. K., & Chan, C. H. (2013). A review of normal values of infant sleep polysomnography. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 54(2), 82–87. Pacifici, G. M. (2013). Clinical pharmacology of indomethacin in preterm infants: Implications in patent ductus arteriosus closure. Paediatric Drugs, 15(5), 363–376. Park, M., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). Cord blood transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia. Chinese Medical Journal, 126(4), 761– 767. Salone, L. R., Vann, W. F., Jr., & Dee, D. L. (2013). Breastfeeding: An overview of oral and general health benefits. Journal of the American Dental Association, 144(2), 143–151. Schappin, R., Wijnroks, L., Uniken Venema, M. M., & Jongmans, M. J. (2013). Rethinking stress in parents of preterm infants: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e54992. Schmolzer, G. M., Kumar, M., Pichler, G., Aziz, K., O’Reilly, M., & Cheung, P. Y. (2013). Noninvasive versus invasive respiratory support in preterm infants at birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 347, f5980. Tang, S., Zhao, J., Shen, J., Hu, Z., & Shi, Y. (2013). Nasal intermittent positive pressure ven-
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tilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Pediatrics, 50(4), 371– 376. Wang, W., Wang, Y., Gong, F., Zhu, W., & Fu, S. (2013). MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of congenital heart defects: Evidence from 29 case-control and TDT studies. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e58041. Wong, I., St John-Green, C., & Walker, S. M. (2013). Opioid-sparing effects of perioperative paracetamol and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 23(6), 475–495. Zhang, Z. Q., Wu, Q. Q., Huang, X. M., & Lu, H. (2013). Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants by antenatal ambroxol: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(7), 529– 536.
Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Clinical Practice Taylor, Y. J., & Nies, M. A. (2013). Measuring the impact and outcomes of maternal child health federal programs. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 17(5), 886–896.
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Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, May/June 2014 Melissa D. Avery
Correspondence Melissa D. Avery, Ph.D, CNM, FACNM, FAAN, University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 5–140 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. [email protected] Melissa D. Avery, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN is a professor and Chair of the Child and Family Health Co-operative, University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN.
Updated Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently published updates to two recommendations of interest to readers of this journal: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women (USPSTF, 2013) and Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (USPSTF, 2014). These updates include a summary of the research utilized in updating the previous recommendations. The task force asked for public comment as part of their process in developing the recommendations. The USPSTF recommends that primary care providers should screen women with a family history of breast, ovarian, tubal and peritoneal cancer with a tool designed to screen for mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Specific tools reviewed by the task force are linked to the recommendation statement. Women with positive results should receive genetic counseling and BRCA testing as indicated following counseling. This is a B recommendation with a high certainty of moderate net benefit or moderate certainty of moderate to substantial net benefit (USPSTF, 2012). Further, the USPSTF recommended against routine genetic counseling and BRCA testing for women without a family history consistent with harmful BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This is a D recommendation, or moderate to high certainty that this service has no benefit or harms outweigh benefits (USPSTF, 2012). This update affirms the previous USPSTF recommendation with the added recommendation to use risk screening tools.
The author report no conflict of interest or relevant financial relationships. Note Published on line only.
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This recommendation applies only to asymptomatic women without a BRCA-related cancer diagnosis. Screening should be considered once women at risk reach the age of consent (age 18), and all women should be assessed periodically for change in family history. Further research, such as comparative effectiveness trials of risk screening approaches and strategies to increase counsel-
ing and testing, as well as studies to determine effective methods of genetic counseling in multiple types of settings, and to determine consequences of testing in clinical settings among diverse populations, were recommended. Regarding the update to the recommendation on screening for GDM, the USPSTF recommended screening in asymptomatic women after 24 weeks’ gestation (B recommendation). In addition, the task force determined that the available research evidence was insufficient to assess benefits and harms of screening asymptomatic women prior to 24 weeks’ gestation. (I statement for insufficient evidence, due lack of studies, poor quality, or conflicting evidence [USPSTF, 2012]). This is a change from the previous recommendation in which the task force found insufficient evidence to recommend screening pregnant women before or after 24 weeks’ gestation. The recommendation applies to pregnant women who do not have a preexisting diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The task force suggested consideration of benefits and harms of screening and use of clinical judgment in making decisions about screening individual women with risk factors for type 2 diabetes prior to 24 weeks’ gestation given the insufficient evidence. Additional research was recommended to determine the best threshold for screening and treatment goals, alternative screening methods, and effect of treatment of GDM on longer-term infant and maternal metabolic outcomes. In addition, research is needed to determine if diagnosis and treatment of GDM prior to 24 weeks’ gestation improves shortand long-term maternal and infant outcomes.
REFERENCES U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2012). Grade definitions. Retrieved from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/ uspstf/grades.htm#drec U.S.
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uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/brcatest/ brcatestfinalrs.htm U.S.
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From Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Issues 12, 2013 and 1, 2014 New Systematic Reviews in CDSR: Women’s Health
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Combination versus sequential single agent chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer
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Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy Subcutaneous closure versus no subcutaneous closure after non-caesarean surgical procedures
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Combination contraceptives: Effects on weight Ovulation triggers in anovulatory women undergoing ovulation induction
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Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes Wound drainage for caesarean section Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes Maintenance agonist treatments for opiatedependent pregnant women Fetal manipulation for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation for facilitation of tests of fetal wellbeing
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Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor in labour Interventions for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome Progestational agents for treating threatened or established preterm labour
Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of asthma and wheeze: Systematic review and metaanalysis
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Featured Review: Sun, X., Zhang, D., & Zhang, W. (2013). Effect of metformin on ovulation and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(2), 423–430. The purpose of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to examine the effect of metformin on ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of women with PCOS treated with metformin, clomiphene citrate, or both. The authors searched for articles in English in which ovulation, pregnancy rates, and rates of live birth were compared among study participants. Of the 72 identified RCTs, 54 did not meet inclusion criteria. As a result, 18 RCTs were included in the review. Treatment regimens included metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus clomiphene citrate, metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus metformin, and metformin versus clomiphene citrate. When the authors compared metformin plus clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate, the results of the meta-analysis indicated the following: the ovulation rate was higher with metformin plus clomiphene citrate (10 trials; odds ratio [OR] 1.27;
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95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.56); there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates between the two treatment groups (11 trials; OR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.99–1.42); and there was no significant difference between groups for live birth rate (three trials; OR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84–1.17). When the authors compared metformin plus clomiphene citrate versus metformin, the results of the metaanalysis indicated the following: the ovulation rate was higher with metformin plus clomiphene citrate than with metformin (two trials; OR 2.10; 95% CI, 1.89–2.34); the pregnancy rate was greater with metformin plus clomiphene citrate than with metformin (four trials; OR 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55–2.80); and there was no significant difference between groups for live birth rate (three trials; OR 1.50; 95% CI, 0.75–3.00). In trials in which the authors compared metformin and clomiphene citrate, the ovulation rate was higher with clomiphene citrate than with metformin (three trials; OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0 .43–0.995), and there was no difference between treatment groups for pregnancy rate (five trials; OR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71–1.13). Comment: The authors concluded that metformin plus clomiphene may be more advantageous than either medication alone for women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility for ovulation and pregnancy. Well-designed multicenter RCTs are needed to confirm this conclusion. Featured review: Einarson, T. R., Piwko, C., & Koren, G. (2013). Prevalence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the USA: A meta analysis. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 20(2), e163-e170. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition of pregnancy, and it most commonly occurs during the first trimester. This condition can be difficult for women, especially the severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Since rates of these two related conditions in the United States have not been clarified via a systematic review, the purpose of this review was to calculate point estimates and 95% CIs for NVP and HG in the United States. Peer reviewed studies of women in the United States that included rates of NVP and HG published in the data bases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Libraries from any start date through November 1, 2012 were included. Forty-eight articles were identified, and after duplicates and those that did not otherwise meet inclusion cri-
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teria were removed, 33 were included for review. These articles represented 23 studies of 67,602 women that included information on rates of NVP in early pregnancy and 12 studies that included information on HG. The authors found no correlation between rates of NVP or HG and date of publication. Meta-analysis of the 23 studies of 67,602 women indicated a rate of NVP of 68.6% (95% CI, 64.4%72.8%). The meta-analytic average from three studies (5034 women) that reported nausea only was 28.6%, and this average was 24% from two studies (136 women) that reported NVP in late pregnancy. Twelve studies representing more than two million women had a meta-analytic average rate for HG of 1.2%. Comment: The authors concluded that the rates of NVP and HG were similar to the rates described globally. They urged clinicians to pay attention to the 24% rate of NVP in late pregnancy given the common association with NVP as a first trimester condition. However, the sample reporting this statistic was small. The authors recommend further research to examine the overall resource and cost burden of NVP and the effect of current treatments.
Evidence-Based Reviews from Other Sources Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Women’s Health Anothaisintawee, T., Wiratkapun, C., Lerdsitthichai, P., Kasamesup, V., Wongwaisayawan, S., Srinakarin, J., . . . Thakkinstian, A. (2013). Risk factors of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(5), 368–387. Augustin, G., Majerovic, M., & Luetic, T. (2013). Uterine perforation as a complication of surgical abortion causing small bowel obstruction: A review. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(2), 311–323. Bo, K., & Herbert, R. D. (2013). There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 59(3), 159–168. Bouganim, N., Tsvetkova, E., Clemons, M., & Amir, E. (2013). Evolution of sites of recurrence after early breast cancer over the last 20 years: Implications for patient care and future research.
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Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 139(2), 603–606. Carreira, H., Coutinho, F., Carrilho, C., & Lunet, N. (2013). HIV and HPV infections and ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 109(7), 1981–1988. Charehbili, A., Fontein, D. B., Kroep, J. R., Liefers, G. J., Mieog, J. S., Nortier, J. W., & van de Velde, C. J. (2014). Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for endocrine sensitive breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 40(1), 86–92. Dai, G., Guo, Z., Yang, X., Yu, B., & Li, L. (2013). Association of 8q24 rs13281615A > G polymorphism with breast cancer risk: Evidence from 40,762 cases and 50,380 controls. Molecular Biology Reports, 40(6), 4065–4073. Dallal, C. M., Stone, R. A., Cauley, J. A., Ness, R. B., Vogel, V. G., Fentiman, I. S., . . . Taioli, E. (2013). Urinary estrogen metabolites and breast cancer: A combined analysis of individual level data. International Journal of Biological Markers, 28(1), 3–16. Das, R., Buckley, J., & Williams, M. (2013). Dimensions of sensation assessed in urinary urgency: A systematic review. Journal of Urology, 190(4), 1165–1172. Endara, M., Chen, D., Verma, K., Nahabedian, M. Y., & Spear, S. L. (2013). Breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy: A systematic review of the literature with pooled analysis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 132(5), 1043–1054. Gao, M., Ma, W., Chen, X. B., Chang, Z. W., Zhang, X. D., & Zhang, M. Z. (2013). Meta-analysis of green tea drinking and the prevalence of gynecological tumors in women. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(4 Suppl), 43S-48S. Gerli, S., Bini, V., Favilli, A., & Di Renzo, G. C. (2013). Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HP-human FSH (fostimon) versus rFSH (gonal-F) in IVF-ICSI cycles: A meta-analysis. Gynecological Endocrinology, 29(6), 520–529. Hill, M. J., Whitcomb, B. W., Lewis, T. D., Wu, M., Terry, N., DeCherney, A. H., . . . Propst, A. M. (2013). Progesterone luteal support after ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility & Sterility, 100(5), 1373–1380. Hong, S., Li, J., & Wang, S. (2013). 18FDG PETCT for diagnosis of distant metastases in breast cancer patients. A meta-analysis. Surgical Oncology, 22(2), 139–143. Iavazzo, C., Sardi, T. A., & Gkegkes, I. D. (2013). Female genital mutilation and infections: A sys-
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tematic review of the clinical evidence. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 287(6), 1137– 1149. John-Baptiste, A. A., Wu, W., Rochon, P., Anderson, G. M., & Bell, C. M. (2013). A systematic review and methodological evaluation of published cost-effectiveness analyses of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early stage breast cancer. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e62614. Lam, T. C., Hsieh, F., & Boyages, J. (2013). The effects of postmastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy on immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction: A systematic review. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 132(3), 511–518. Liu, Y. T., Shi, J. P., Fu, L. Y., Zhou, B., Wang, H. L., & Wu, X. M. (2013). Gene polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and cervical carcinoma susceptibility in Asians: A meta-analysis based on 1,759 cases and 2,497 controls. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(1), 189–193. Pareja, R., Rendon, G. J., Sanz-Lomana, C. M., Monzon, O., & Ramirez, P. T. (2013). Surgical, oncological, and obstetrical outcomes after abdominal radical trachelectomy – A systematic literature review. Gynecologic Oncology, 131(1), 77–82. Qin, J., Yang, T., Kong, F., & Zhou, Q. (2013). Oral contraceptive use and uterine leiomyoma risk: A meta-analysis based on cohort and casecontrol studies. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 288(1), 139–148. Rodriguez, M. I., Curtis, K. M., Gaffield, M. L., Jackson, E., & Kapp, N. (2013). Advance supply of emergency contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 590–601. Rodriguez, M. I., Godfrey, E. M., Warden, M., & Curtis, K. M. (2013). Prevention and management of nausea and vomiting with emergency contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 583–589. Rong, J., Wang, S., Ding, Q., Yun, M., Zheng, Z., & Ye, S. (2013). Comparison of 18 FDG PETCT and bone scintigraphy for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer patients. A metaanalysis. Surgical Oncology, 22(2), 86–91. Salcedo, J., Rodriguez, M. I., Curtis, K. M., & Kapp, N. (2013). When can a woman resume or initiate contraception after taking emergency contraceptive pills? A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 602–604. Schoueri-Mychasiw, N., Campbell, S., & Mai, V. (2013). Increasing screening mammography among immigrant and minority women in Canada: A review of past interventions. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 15(1), 149–158.
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Schuler, S., Ponnath, M., Engel, J., & Ortmann, O. (2013). Ovarian epithelial tumors and reproductive factors: A systematic review. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 287(6), 1187–1204. Song, J., Su, H., Zhou, Y. Y., & Guo, L. L. (2013). Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in breast cancer patients: A metaanalysis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 1615–1621. Tepper, N. K., Steenland, M. W., Marchbanks, P. A., & Curtis, K. M. (2013). Laboratory screening prior to initiating contraception: A systematic review. Contraception, 87(5), 645–649. Valachis, A., Polyzos, N. P., Coleman, R. E., Gnant, M., Eidtmann, H., Brufsky, A. M., . . . Mauri, D. (2013). Adjuvant therapy with zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologist, 18(4), 353–361. Visvanathan, K., Hurley, P., Bantug, E., Brown, P., Col, N. F., Cuzick, J., . . . Lippman, S. M. (2013). Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(23), 2942–2962. Wang, H., Liu, L., Lang, Z., Guo, S., Gong, H., Guan, H., . . . Liu, B. (2013). Polymorphisms of ERBB2 and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of 26 studies involving 35,088 subjects. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 108(6), 337–341. Wang, Z., Wang, T., & Bian, J. (2013). Association between MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and risk of breast cancer. Gene, 532(1), 94–99. Wills, A., & Obermair, A. (2013). A review of complications associated with the surgical treatment of vulvar cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 131(2), 467–479. Wolff, A. C., Hammond, M. E., Hicks, D. G., Dowsett, M., McShane, L. M., Allison, K. H., . . . Hayes, D. F. (2013). Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(31), 3997–4013. Wu, W., Kang, S., & Zhang, D. (2013). Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 109(7), 1926–1944. Xu, X. L., Chen, S. Z., Chen, W., Zheng, W. H., Xia, X. H., Yang, H. J., . . . Mao, W. M. (2013). The impact of cyclin D1 overexpression on the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancers: A metaanalysis. Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 139(2), 329–339.
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Yang, Y., Xie, Y., & Xian, L. (2013). Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) predict clinical outcome in platinum- and toxal-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: A system review and metaanalysis. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 32, 15. Ye, Q., Yuan, H. X., & Chen, H. L. (2013). Responsiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery predicts favorable prognosis for cervical cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cancer Research & Clinical Oncology, 139(11), 1887–1898. Zare, N., Ghanbari, S., & Salehi, A. (2013). Effects of two chemotherapy regimens, anthracyclinebased and CMF, on breast cancer disease free survival in the eastern Mediterranean region and Asia: A meta-analysis approach for survival curves. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 2013–2017. Zhang, L., Chow, E. P., Jing, J., Zhuang, X., Li, X., He, M., . . . Wilson, D. P. (2013). HIV prevalence in China: Integration of surveillance data and a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(11), 955–963. Zotti, M. E., Williams, A. M., Robertson, M., Horney, J., & Hsia, J. (2013). Post-disaster reproductive health outcomes. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 17(5), 783–796.
Recent Evidence-Based Reviews: Pregnancy and Birth Bello, N., Rendon, I. S., & Arany, Z. (2013). The relationship between pre-eclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(18), 1715–1723. Boutin, A., Demers, S., Roberge, S., Roy-Morency, A., Chandad, F., & Bujold, E. (2013). Treatment of periodontal disease and prevention of preterm birth: Systematic review and metaanalysis. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(7), 537–544. Chapman, T., Pincombe, J., & Harris, M. (2013). Antenatal breast expression: A critical review of the literature. Midwifery, 29(3), 203– 210. Conde-Agudelo, A., & Romero, R. (2013). Transdermal nitroglycerin for the treatment of preterm labor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 209(6), 551.e1–551.e18. Crider, K. S., Cordero, A. M., Qi, Y. P., Mulinare, J., Dowling, N. F., & Berry, R. J. (2013). Prenatal folic acid and risk of asthma in children: A
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systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(5), 1272–1281. Desilets, V., Audibert, F., & Society of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2013). Investigation and management of non-immune fetal hydrops. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada, 35(10), 923–938. Donovan, L., Hartling, L., Muise, M., Guthrie, A., Vandermeer, B., & Dryden, D. M. (2013). Screening tests for gestational diabetes: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(2), 115–122. Einarson, T. R., Piwko, C., & Koren, G. (2013). Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 20(2), e171-e183. Gallos, I. D., Sivakumar, K., Kilby, M. D., Coomarasamy, A., Thangaratinam, S., & Vatish, M. (2013). Pre-eclampsia is associated with, and preceded by, hypertriglyceridaemia: A meta-analysis. BJOG, 120(11), 1321–1332. Gomez, G. B., Kamb, M. L., Newman, L. M., Mark, J., Broutet, N., & Hawkes, S. J. (2013). Untreated maternal syphilis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(3), 217–226. Gourlay, A., Birdthistle, I., Mburu, G., Iorpenda, K., & Wringe, A. (2013). Barriers and facilitating factors to the uptake of antiretroviral drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(1), 18588. Hamlyn, J., Duhig, M., McGrath, J., & Scott, J. (2013). Modifiable risk factors for schizophrenia and autism- Shared risk factors impacting on brain development. Neurobiology of Disease, 53, 3–9. Hartling, L., Dryden, D. M., Guthrie, A., Muise, M., Vandermeer, B., & Donovan, L. (2013). Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(2), 123–129. Koren, G. (2013). Systematic review of the effects of maternal hypertension in pregnancy and antihypertensive therapies on child neurocognitive development. Reproductive Toxicology, 39, 1–5. Lautatzis, M. E., Goulis, D. G., & Vrontakis, M. (2013). Efficacy and safety of metformin dur-
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