Letter to Editor

Is Off‑pump Cardiac Surgery Ready for Goal‑directed Therapy? The Editor, With great interest, I have read the article by Kapoor et al. recently published.[1] Hemodynamic monitoring to improve the outcome on high‑risk patient and intensive care patients has been the focus of research for many years. Recently, negative studies were published.[2,3] Many confounders exist because of the complexity of these patient groups. When “soft” end‑points are used, as in this study, good definitions need to be available. The outcome advantage in the goal‑directed group is presented without real definitions concerning ready for discharge, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or home readiness. Kern and Shoemaker have shown that hemodynamic intervention has only value as the complication rate in a population is high >20%.[4] Mortality and morbidity before the intervention study are not mentioned in this article. I miss the power calculation to establish the right amount of patients to be included in this study. Hence, what these differences really mean remains to be seen. It is important to differentiate between statistical significant and clinical relevant differences. Hemodynamic monitoring during off‑pump coronary artery bypass surgery is challenging, especially when an anastomosis is performed posterior of heart. Problems with the filling of the heart and cardiac arrhythmias are no exception. The hemodynamic measurement using the EV1000/FloTrac under these clinical instable conditions is almost impossible. Hence, what remains is a 4‑h period where the patients are ventilated in the ICU in which the stroke volume variation (SVV) could have been used. However, ventilation mode, tidal volume, and other SVV limitations are not mentioned. Fluid boluses are given per 100 ml, is this amount clinical relevant? In this article, I miss the amount of fluid given during different stages of the operation/IC stay. The same concerns apply for the amount of inotropic or vasopressor support. Both fluids and isotopes being essential in goal‑directed therapy.

Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Cor Slagt Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands Address for correspondence: Dr. Cor Slagt, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein‑Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E‑mail: [email protected]

References 1.

Kapoor PM, Magoon R, Rawat RS, Mehta Y, Taneja S, Ravi R, et al. Goal‑directed therapy improves the outcome of high‑risk cardiac patients undergoing off‑pump coronary artery bypass. Ann Card Anaesth 2017;20:83‑9.

2. Pestaña D, Espinosa E, Eden A, Nájera D, Collar L, Aldecoa C, et al. Perioperative goal‑directed hemodynamic optimization using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in major abdominal surgery: A prospective, randomized, multicenter, pragmatic trial: POEMAS Study (PeriOperative goal‑directed thErapy in Major Abdominal Surgery). Anesth Analg 2014;119:579‑87. 3.

ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, et al. A  randomized trial of protocol‑based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1683‑93.

4.

Kern JW, Shoemaker WC. Meta‑analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high‑risk patients. Crit Care Med 2002;30:1686‑92.

5.

Slagt C, Malagon I, Groeneveld AB. Systematic review of uncalibrated arterial pressure waveform analysis to determine cardiac output and stroke volume variation. Br J Anaesth 2014;112:626‑37.

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Finally, the suggested “good” agreement of the first and second generation software was not confirmed in our meta‑analysis of the FloTrac/Vigileo system. The percentage of error in the cardiac and postcardiac surgery studies referenced by the authors was above the suggested 30%.[5] I would like to invite the authors to explain the findings of their study as I cannot explain them from the presented data.

Website: www.annals.in DOI: 10.4103/aca.ACA_56_17 PMID: ***

How to cite this article: Slagt C. Is Off-pump cardiac surgery ready for goal-directed therapy?. Ann Card Anaesth 2017;20:387. © 2017 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

© 2017 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

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Is Off-pump cardiac surgery ready for goal-directed therapy?

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